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尼日尔州与海南省水稻生产比较研究

尼日尔州与海南省水稻生产比较研究

作者： ahmed,abdul-Gafar 中国农业科学院

学位级别：硕士

水稻对保障大多数发展中国家的食物安全都很重要,特别是对亚洲和非洲国家。水稻生产为全球35亿以上人口提供营养和收入。本文研究尼日尔州(尼日利亚)和海南(中国)水稻生产基本状况和制约产量增长的因素。研究发现,尼日尔州水稻产量仍然... 详细信息

水稻对保障大多数发展中国家的食物安全都很重要,特别是对亚洲和非洲国家。水稻生产为全球35亿以上人口提供营养和收入。本文研究尼日尔州(尼日利亚)和海南(中国)水稻生产基本状况和制约产量增长的因素。研究发现,尼日尔州水稻产量仍然较低,尽管其拥有优越的生态环境;中国水稻产量高,同时由于气象灾害的影响,需要对水稻重新种植从而使物质投入过多。本研究基于在2013到2014年的实地调查,选取了尼日尔州164个农户,海南省236个农户。研究了这些地区水稻生产政策,生产基本状况和制约增产的因素。两地区生产特点不同。在尼日尔州,农户家庭平均大小是11人左右,户主的平均年龄约44岁;海南农户家庭的平均大小4左右,户主的平均年龄为50岁。尼日尔州农户人均耕地面积为1.3公顷,而海南人均耕地面积为0.4公顷。两地区都主要种植早稻和晚稻,某些海南农户也种植中稻。海南的种子约97%是杂交水稻而尼日尔州约79%是过时的常规种子。多数海南农户生产是为了自给自足。海南农户施用的肥料更多,为618公斤/公顷而尼日尔州为175公斤/公顷。所以海南水稻平均产量达到4.1吨/公顷而尼日尔州只有2.7吨/公顷。本文采用两种分析方法分析影响水稻单产的原因：认知模式分析和柯布-道格拉斯生产函数分析。(1)从认知模式分析看,用二维图解释了水稻生产约束因素,结果发现尼日尔州受社会经济因素约束更多,而海南受环境生态因素约束更多;尼日尔州高、中、低产农户之间对水稻生产制约因素认知差别较大,而海南高、中、低产农户之间对各因素认识差别不大。(2)采用矿布-道格拉斯生产函数定量分析,结果发现,户主受教育程度和技能,生产资料如化肥、种子对两个地区水稻增产作用显著,而洪水,户主兼职非农工作(在尼日尔州)和更多除草剂施用(海南省)对水稻生产有负面影响。农产品商品化对海南水稻生产起到了促进作用。通过对两地区的研究,本文提出了促进水稻生产有用的投资政策建议。根据海南的生产经验,尼日利亚可以通过采取合适的政策促进水稻产量的持续增加;此外,水稻生产地区可以通过潜在的伙伴合作和信息、技术的转让提高水稻单产水平。

关键词：比较研究水稻单产制约因素尼日尔州海南省

Food packing: A case study of dining out in Beijing

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第8期15卷 1924-1931页

作者： WANG Yu XU Shi-wei YU Wen ahmed abdul-gafar LIU Xiao-jie BAI Jun-fei ZHANG Dan GAO Li-wei CAO Xiao-chang LIU Yao Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Early Warning Technology Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Early Warning Technology and System Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Economics & Management China Agricultural University

the financial project supported by the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （71233007）

关键词： leftovers packing food waste leftovers logit model

Smart Building Design to Improve the Energy Consumption at an Office Room

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2022年第9期13卷 209-221页

作者： Saleh Babaa abdul Aziz al Rawahi Angala Subramanian abdullah Humaid alshibli Shahid Khan Martin Khzouz Muneer ahmed Ibrahim Ashrafi Systems Engineering Department Military Technological College (Affiliated with University of Portsmouth UK) Muscat Oman

Buildings are becoming smarter as a result of a variety of advanced technologies that enable energy management, optimal space utilization, and smart surveillance for safety, among other things. Energy-efficient smart building ideas and execution are of great interest and top priority due to the building’s occupants’ misused and high-power consumption. This paper addresses the design and execution of an energy management system that includes a solar power system for generating power for the building’s needs and a PIR-based automation system for efficient power use. This project was carried out at the Military Technological College (MTC) in Muscat, in the system engineering department’s offices. This project seeks to generate power for the building’s energy needs using solar photovoltaic panels and reduce energy consumption within the office using a PIR-based automation system. The results demonstrate that after the breakeven point (the time it takes to recoup the initial investment), it can provide power to the building for another 17 years. The calculations and practical results presented in this study approve that the system is extremely helpful.

关键词： Smart Building Design Energy Consumption Solar Power Passive Infra Red Sensor

Soil Salinization in Some Irrigated Areas of the Kingdom of Bahrain

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第2期4卷 112-122页

作者： Asma ali Abahussain Abdelhadi Abdelwahab Mohamed ahmed ali Salih Ahmad al Safe Nader abdul Hamed Mosa Yahya Othman Desert and Arid Zones Science Program College of Graduate Studies Arabian Gulf University P.O. Box 26671 ManamaKingdom of Bahrain Ministry of Municipalities Affairs and Urban Planning Agriculture Affairs P.O. Box 53 Manama Kingdom of Bahrain

Monitoring and assessment of agricultural land degradation is of vital importance for better land and water management planning and reclamation. It requires setting baseline information and basic analysis at specific time and space. About 33 geo-referenced soil sampling spots were selected in two agricultural production locations in the Kingdom of Bahrain to assess the status and preliminary causes of land degradation. Soil samples were taken from 13 sites in Diraz location while 19 samples were taken from Budayyi location. The samples were taken to 90 cm depth at 30 cm intervals. Standard procedures were followed to determine soil physiochemical properties. In addition, field observations on farm condition, distance from the sea, method of irrigation and irrigation water source were taken. Some of the soil samples were deliberately taken from outside the irrigated basins among trees compared with samples taken from inside the actively growing area for comparison. The results indicated that the salinity level was significantly （P 〈 0.001） higher at the 0-30 cm soil depth compared with 30-60 cm or 60-90 cm depths in both locations. The distance from the sea did not show clear correlation with surface soil salinity in Budayyi area compared with Diraz. Both locations showed significantly higher salinity levels on samples taken outside the actively growing areas compared with those taken from within. The effect is more prominent at the 0-30 cm depth. The observed variability on salinity levels may be attributed to farm management practices and deteriorating quality of ground water. Thus, agricultural land degradation in Bahrain cannot be attributed to ground water deterioration alone. The use of tertiary treated sewage water （TSE） may ease the pressure on ground water, but the pH of the TSE should be carefully monitored and managed with proper studies on leaching requirements to avoid further salinity complications.

关键词： Soil degradation salinization Kingdom of Bahrain geo-referenced soil samples

Frequency and Outcome of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Babies Born with Meconium-Stained Liquor at Secondary Care Hospital in Pakistan: A Case Series Study

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期10卷 381-391页

作者： abdul Moeed Heeramani Lohana Sarwat Urooj Sheraz ahmed Khalil ahmed Khadija Humayun Aga Khan Maternal and Child Care Centre Hyderabad Pakistan

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in the newborn is characterized by hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. MAS is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAP) in babies born with meconium-stained liquor. The secondary outcome was to estimate the meconium aspiration syndrome;in terms of hospital stay, complications, and mortality. Methods: The study was done at Aga Khan Maternal and Child Care Centre, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Study design was case series and the duration of the study was of 6 months. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study after taking informed written consent. A brief history was taken, clinical examination was done and laboratory investigations were sent to the institutional laboratory. Study outcomes were measured from this data i.e. MAS, its complications, mortality, and a number of days in the hospital. Results: A total of 87 babies born with meconium-stained liquor at secondary care hospital were included. A total of 45 patients (52%) were males and 42 patients (48%) were females with a mean gestational age of babies 38.896 ± 1.210 weeks. The mean Apgar score at 5 minutes was 8.896 ±

关键词： Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Mortality Neonates Outcome

Concomitant chemoradiation using gemcitabine in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012年第3期11卷 130-133页

作者： abdul Mateen Abrar ahmed Javed ahmed Ijaz Masood Multan Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR) Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology Nishtar Hospital

Objective:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common and rapidly increasing cancers in *** is currently no standard management for advanced *** aim of the study was to assess response rate and toxicity of concomitant gemcitabine and external radiation therapy (ERT) in locally advanced ***:Sixty patients were ***,70 mg/m2 was given weekly during *** was delivered with 60Co beam up to 30.6 Gy,1.8 Gy/*** response was assessed by computed tomography (CT) at eight *** and partial response (CR and PR),progressive and stable disease (PD and SD) were ***,gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicities were assessed ***:No CR was ***,SD and PD were seen in 33%,40% and 27% of patients *** 3/4 toxicity for total leukocyte count and platelets was observed in 7% and 27% *** 3/4 toxicity for liver failure,bilirubin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase was seen in 35%,28%,38%,24% and 43% patients ***:The study showed that concomitant gemcitabine and ERT is a feasible option with moderate toxicity in advanced HCC.

关键词： chemotherapy gemcitabine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) radiotherapy

On a Control Problem Containing Support Functions

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American Journal of Operations Research 2014年第5期4卷 319-330页

作者： I. Husain A. ahmed abdul Raoof Shah Department of Mathematics Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology Guna India Department of Statistics University of Kashmir Srinagar India

A control problem containing support functions in the integrand of the objective of the functional as well as in the inequality constraint function is considered. For this problem, Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type necessary optimality conditions are derived. Using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type optimality conditions, Wolfe type dual is formulated and usual duality theorems are established under generalized convexity conditions. Special cases are generated. It is also shown that our duality results have linkage with those of nonlinear programming problems involving support functions.

关键词： Control Problem Support Function Optimality Conditions Generalized Convexity Wolfe Type Duality Nonlinear Programming Problem

Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section: Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia Versus Conventional Continuous Infusion

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2012年第4期2卷 120-126页

作者： Samina Ismail Gauhar Afshan abdul Monem aliya ahmed Department of Anaesthesia The Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Background: Management of postoperative pain after caesarean section (C/S) requires a balance between pain relief and undesirable side effects of drugs and technique. In order to improve postoperative pain management after caesarean section, we compared intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) with our current hospital practice, which is continuous opioid infusion. Method: We enrolled one hundred and twenty patients in our prospective randomized trial after an uneventful elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. all patients received 0.5 mg/kg bolus of pethidine on first complaint of pain or at 120 minutes after institution of spinal anaesthesia. Depending upon the randomization, Group P received IV-PCA with 0.15 mg/kg bolus pethidine with 10-minute lockout and Group C received continuous pethidine infusion at a rate of 0.15 mg/kg/hr. Statistical analysis: For qualitative variables means and standard deviations were computed and analyzed by T-test, Mann Whitney U test and repeated measures ANOVA. Frequency and percentages were computed for qualitative data and analyzed by Chi-Square and Fischer exact test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was treated as significant. Results: The numeric rating score for pain, need for rescue analgesia and incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower (p-value algesia for breakthrough pain, lower incidence of nausea and vomiting and greater patient satisfaction with IV-PCA. In the absence of preservative free narcotics for intrathecal use, postoperative pain management can be significantly improved by using IV-PCA instead of continuous opioid infusion in patients undergoing caesarean section.

关键词： Postoperative Pain IV-PCA Continuous Opioid Infusion Opioids Caesarean Section

Qualification of Atomic Absorption Spectrometer in Prospective View of Pharmaceutical Analysis

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第10期5卷 674-680页

作者： Mahmood ahmed Muhammad abdul Qadir Malik Qaiser Hussain Institute of Chemistry University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Pharma Services Lahore Pakistan

AAS was qualified as per pharmacopoeia requirements. Copper, manganese, mercury and cadmium hallow cathode lamps were used for qualification purposes. Design qualification and installation qualification met the criteria of user requirements. Wavelength accuracy and reproducibility, resolution and baseline stability are in compliance with user requirements. Characteristics concentration or sensitivity, detection limit and characteristics mass were performed as a part of operational qualification which is 0.062 μg/mL, 0.00354 μg/mL, 1.41 pg respectively. Results of % RSD for precision study is 0.352 and 0.487 for flame and graphite furnace mode respectively fulfilled criteria of qualification. Performance qualification results of 20 consecutive days demonstrate the predetermined specification. Analytical instrument qualification and method validation relationship is also described by assay performed on haemodialysis concentrate. Good precision (2) greater than 0.9997 for potassium, magnesium and calcium linear curves, lower detection limits for all three ingredients and robust assay data as a part of validation studies conform the qualified AAS for its intended application.

关键词： AAS Qualification Pharmaceuticals Validation