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作者： ahmad MUHAMMAD muneeb（穆尼）北京交通大学

学位级别：硕士

无线通信是通信行业发展最快的新兴产业,由此吸引了媒体和公众的关注。无线通信技术改变了我们沟通的方式。计算机、电话和互联网连接必须通过有线连接并且只能在预先固定位置使用的时代已经成为过去。蜂窝广域网(例如,基于GSM,UMTS和LT... 详细信息

无线通信是通信行业发展最快的新兴产业,由此吸引了媒体和公众的关注。无线通信技术改变了我们沟通的方式。计算机、电话和互联网连接必须通过有线连接并且只能在预先固定位置使用的时代已经成为过去。蜂窝广域网(例如,基于GSM,UMTS和LTE标准),局域网(基于不同版本的Wi-Fi标准IEEE802.11)的布置,这些通信服务现在几乎可以在地球上的任何地方实现无线访问。近年来,相关无线设备数量大幅增长。事实上,在大多数发达国家,蜂窝电话已经成为日常生活中的一种正式的商业工具,并且正在迅速取代许多发展中国家过时的有线系统。数万亿的设备通过无线网络连接和管理。同时,每个设备都或多或少需的要高数据流量(包括移动设备和固定设备)来支持语音、3D全息视频、电影和游戏等应用程序,可以这样说,每个用户每个方向都需要约100兆比特每秒。无线吞吐量的需求和无线设备的数量将不断增加。这一领域的有强大生命力主要有两个主要原因:首先,考虑到无线业务的不断增长的需求,有效利用带宽和功率的重要性日益增加。其次,无线信道容量研究中的一些主要问题最近才得到了成功的处理。衰落、宽带、多用户和多天线是现今关注的无线信道的关键特征。此外,人们越来越关注无线通信系统的能耗。因此,未来的无线系统必须满足三个主要需求:具有非常高的数据吞吐量;巨大的用户容量;和较低的时延。为了满足移动和无线数据流量的指数增长,预计第五代(5G)无线系统将提供一千倍甚至更高的容量。与4G相比,5G网速能达到每秒20Gb。这意味着,可以秒下高清电影,在线游戏、实时高清视频和远程交互等多媒体应用。同时,5G网络具有速率极高(eMBB)、容量极大(mMTC)和时延极低(URLLC)三个特征。比如20Gbps的峰值数据速率、1ms空口传输时延、比4G提高3-5倍的频谱效率和每平方公里百万的连接密度以及100倍的功效提升等。大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)技术中配备大量天线的基站(BS)可以为同一时间-频率资源中的许多活跃用户提供服务,能够满足上述容量要求,因此,它成为下一代有线网的一项具有前景的技术。它已成为无线通信发展的最有前途的技术之一,通过简化多用户处理,降低发射功率以及消除热噪声和快衰落的影响,可以实现更多的自由度和更高的功率效率。在基站的大规模天线阵列使得对于大多数传播环境信道变得有利,即,用户和BS之间的信道矢量几乎(成对)正交,因此,线性处理近似是最优的。由于复用增益和阵列增益,可以实现巨大的吞吐量和更高的能量效率。特别的,通过一个简单的功率控制方案,大规模MIMO可以为所有用户提供良好的服务。这些显著的特征可以通过假设一个理想的传播信道环境获得。大规模MIMO系统的信号处理方法不需要再采用复杂的非线性设计来避免上述提到的干扰,而只需要简单的线性设计即可实现较好的系统性能。比如在预编码方法研究方面:传统的MIMO系统中一般研究非线性预编码方案,比如DPC(dirty-paper coding,脏纸),而大规模MIMO中一般采用线性预编码,比如MRT(最大比发送)、ZF(迫零)、MMSE(最小均方误差)。DPC这类算法的复杂度较高,随着基站天线数量的增加,若采用非线性预编码会导致基站的计算复杂度激增,显然DPC这类方法不再适用于大规模MIMO。此外,Lund University做了一些实际的测量,实验结果表明,在大规模MIMO系统中,采用低复杂度的线性预编码即可实现DPC预编码的98%的性能。因此,在实际的传播环境下得到大规模MIMO系统的性能极限成为一个重要的研究领域。然而,实际情况下的大规模MIMO系统仍然存在许多挑战。到目前为止,实际信道多方面缺陷对大规模MIMO系统(包括导频污染、空间相关性、视线效应、信道估计误差和收发器硬件损伤)的性能的影响是相当大的。实际上,如果硬件成本和功耗较低,大规模MIMO的应用是有意义的。在这种情况下,硬件损伤是一个重要的破坏因素,会导致不完美的CSI。在硬件损伤中,相位噪声随机移相本地振荡器(LO)的输出,随时间聚集。然而,现有文献中对大规模MIMO系统的信道老化和相位噪声干扰情况考虑较少。本文主要研究了信道老化和相位噪声对大规模MIMO的影响。在第一部分中,利用发射导频信号获得每个用户的老化信道估计信息。用户发射功率与基站天线数成反比,并不降低系统性能。与完全信道估计不同,发射功率与天线数可以成反比。考虑信道老化影响,我们对大规模MIMO系统上行链路频谱效率进行研究。首先,在基站分别配置最大比合并(MRC)和迫零(ZF)接收机,并推导在两种接收机方式下的系统频谱效率,提供了系统总速率的有效评估方式,并得到了功率缩放定律。然后,我们对信道老化对功率缩放定律的影响进行研究,对频谱效率和能量效率的综合指标进行检测。一旦服务天线数确定,我们可以通过确定其他参数(

关键词：信道估计大规模MIMO 相位噪声信道老化频谱效率能量效率

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巴基斯坦旁遮普大学孔子学院汉语教学现状调查分析

巴基斯坦旁遮普大学孔子学院汉语教学现状调查分析

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作者：莫德（muneeb ahmad）四川师范大学

学位级别：硕士

自2005年伊斯兰堡孔子学院成立以来,目前巴基斯坦已经拥有4所孔子学院。这些孔子学院在巴基斯坦传播汉语和中国文化,促进了中巴两国的文化交流和发展。其中于2015年成立的旁遮普大学孔子学院,在短短的三年内取得了引入瞩目发展成果,但... 详细信息

自2005年伊斯兰堡孔子学院成立以来,目前巴基斯坦已经拥有4所孔子学院。这些孔子学院在巴基斯坦传播汉语和中国文化,促进了中巴两国的文化交流和发展。其中于2015年成立的旁遮普大学孔子学院,在短短的三年内取得了引入瞩目发展成果,但是同时孔子学院在汉语教学和文化交流学方面尚存在需进一步改进的地方。笔者对旁遮普大学孔子学院进行了问卷调查和采访,调查的范围是汉语教学的教材、课程设置、教师、学习者及课堂教学相关等。在此基础上,进行了深入的思考和分析,指出了旁遮普大学孔子学院在教学设备、汉语课程设置、汉语教材、授课、汉语学习者以及课堂教学等方面存在的问题和原因,进而以第二语言教学及汉语教学相关理论知识为指导,对旁遮普大学孔子学院的汉语教学提与建议。本论文共分为五个部分:第一部分是介绍了本论文选题,国内外学科的背景、研究、现状,内容和研究方法。第二部分介绍了巴基斯坦的语言政策及巴基斯坦4所孔子学院和2个孔子课堂的基本概况。第三部分对旁遮普大学孔子学院的教学现状进行问卷调查并对结果作出了相关分析,内容涉及学习者的情况、教师的情况、课程设置情况、教材的使用情况等。第四部分,指出旁遮普大学孔子学院在汉语教学方面存在的问题,并试着分析造成这些问题的原因。第五部分,针对旁遮普大学在汉语教学方面存在的问题,并结合第二语言教学和汉语教学相关理论,结合巴基斯坦的具体国情和汉语学习者实际情况,提出一些相关建议。结语是对本调查作出的全面总结,并对巴基斯坦旁遮普大学孔子学院的发展及巴基斯坦国未来的汉语教学前景进行了展望。

关键词：旁遮普大学孔子学院调查分析汉语教学现状巴基斯坦

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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography guided interventions in the management of pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第10期12卷 323-340页

作者： Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf Hamid Ehsan Ahsan Wahab ahmad muneeb Fizah S Chaudhary Richard Williams Christopher J Haas Department of Medicine Medstar Union Memorial HospitalBaltimoreMD 21218United States Department of Medicine MedStar Good Samaritan HospitalBaltimoreMD 21239United States Department of Medicine Medstar Franklin Square Medical CenterBaltimoreMD 21237United States Department of Medicine MedStar Harbor HospitalBaltimoreMD 21225United States Department of Hospital Medicine Baptist Medical Center SouthMontgomeryAL 36116United States Department of Medicine Faisalabad Medical UniversityFaisalabald 38000PunjabPakistan

Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality with an overall five-year survival of less than 9%in the United *** presentation,the majority of patients have painless jaundice,pruritis,and malaise,a triad that develops secondary to obstruction,which often occurs late in the course of the disease *** technical advancements in radiological imaging and endoscopic interventions have played a crucial role in the diagnosis,staging,and management of patients with pancreatic *** retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)-guided diagnosis(with brush cytology,serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytologic examination technique,or biliary biopsy)and therapeutic interventions such as pancreatobiliary decompression,intraductal and relief of gastric outlet obstruction play a pivotal role in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer and are increasingly used due to improved morbidity and complication rates compared to surgical *** this review,we highlight various ERCP-guided diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for the management of pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Malignant stricture Biliary drainage Biliary stent Gastric outlet obstruction

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Current and further trajectories in designing functional materials for solid oxide electrochemical cells:A review of other reviews

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 302-331页

作者： Stanislav Baratov Elena Filonova Anastasiya Ivanova Muhammad Bilal Hanif muneeb Irshad Muhammad Zubair Khan Martin Motola Sajid Rauf Dmitry Medvedev Hydrogen Energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova 6Mlynska Dolina84215 BratislavaSlovakia State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049ShaanxiChina Department of Physics University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Pak-Austria Fachhochschule:Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mang Haripur 22621Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000GuangdongChina Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia

Complex oxides are an important class of materials with enormous potential for electrochemical *** on their composition and structure,such complex oxides can exhibit either a single conductivity(oxygen-ionic or protonic,or n-type,or p-type electronic)or a combination thereof gener-ating distinct dual-conducting or even triple-conducting *** properties enable their use as diverse functional materials for solid oxide fuel cells,solid oxide electrolysis cells,permeable membranes,and gas *** literature review shows that the field of solid oxide materials and related electro-chemical cells has a significant level of research engagement,with over 8,000 publications published since *** manual analysis of such a large volume of material is ***,by examining the review articles,it is possible to identify key patterns,recent achievements,prospects,and remaining *** perform such an analysis,the present article provides,for the first time,a comprehensive summary of previous review publications that have been published since 2020,with a special focus on solid oxide materials and electrochemical ***,this study provides an important reference for researchers specializing in the fields of solid state ionics,high-temperature electrochemistry,and energyconversiontechnologies.

关键词： SOFCs SOECs PCFCS Electrochemistry Energy conversion Hydrogen energy,Carbon neutrality

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Incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia in end-stage renal disease patients on denosumab therapy: A systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2024年第3期12卷 68-78页

作者： Abdul Hannan Siddiqui Misbah Shaikh Afia Salman Muhammad Ahmed Ali Fahim Fizzah Batool Tahreem Mari Sarah Musani muneeb Fareed Rooma Rehan Amna Hassni Urooj Nizami Ayesha Amir Abdul Moeed Salim R Surani Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

BACKGROUND Denosumab inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor *** markedly increases bone mineral density and has been proven to reduce the risk of ***,numerous adverse effects,notably hypocalcemia,are prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD).AIM To analyze the incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia caused by denosumab compared to control in patients with *** We conducted this study in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses ***,Scopus,Cochrane Central,and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception through March *** original studies investigating the effects of denosumab on patients with ESRD compared to control were *** primary outcomes of our study were the incidence of mild,severe,and very severe *** outcomes included serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone,calcium,and *** results were pooled and analyzed using a random-effects *** Seven articles comprising 3240 patients were included in our *** treated with denosumab had a significantly increased incidence of mild hypocalcemia[risk ratio(RR):2.79;95%confidence interval(CI):0.99-7.91;P=0.05;I²=37%]and of very severe hypocalcemia(RR:9.58;95%CI:1.58-57.98;P=0.01;I²=49%).However,an increase in the occurrence of severe hypocalcemia was non-significant(RR:4.23;95%CI:0.47-38.34;P=0.20;I²=96%).Alternatively,denosumab showed a significant decrease in serum intact parathyroid hormone[mean difference(MD):-433.20,95%CI:-775.12 to-91.28,I2=98%,P=0.01],while there was a non-significant decrease in phosphate(MD:-0.47,95%CI:-1.35 to 0.41,I2=88%,P=0.30)and calcium levels(MD:-0.33,95%CI:-0.95 to 0.29,I2=94%,P=0.29).CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that denosumab is significantly associated with mild and very severe hypocalcemia in patients with ESRD making it necessary to detect and prevent this side effect of treatment.

关键词： Denosumab End-stage renal disease Hypocalcemia Parathyroid hormone Dialysis

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Home Automation-Based Health Assessment Along Gesture Recognition via Inertial Sensors

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 2331-2346页

作者： Hammad Rustam Muhammad muneeb Suliman A.Alsuhibany Yazeed Yasin Ghadi Tamara Al Shloul ahmad Jalal Jeongmin Park Department of Computer Science Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Al Ain UniversityAl Ain15551UAE Department of Humanities and Social Science Al Ain UniversityAl Ain15551UAE Department of Computer Engineering Korea Polytechnic University237 Sangidaehak-ro Siheung-siGyeonggi-do15073Korea

Hand gesture recognition (HGR) is used in a numerous applications,including medical health-care, industrial purpose and sports *** have developed a real-time hand gesture recognition system using inertialsensors for the smart home application. Developing such a model facilitatesthe medical health field (elders or disabled ones). Home automation has alsobeen proven to be a tremendous benefit for the elderly and disabled. Residentsare admitted to smart homes for comfort, luxury, improved quality of life,and protection against intrusion and burglars. This paper proposes a novelsystem that uses principal component analysis, linear discrimination analysisfeature extraction, and random forest as a classifier to *** have achieved an accuracy of 94% over the publicly benchmarked HGRdataset. The proposed system can be used to detect hand gestures in thehealthcare industry as well as in the industrial and educational sectors.

关键词： Genetic algorithm human locomotion activity recognition human–computer interaction human gestures recognition principal hand gestures recognition inertial sensors principal component analysis linear discriminant analysis stochastic neighbor embedding

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Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition Using 3D-CNN and LSTM Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4675-4690页

作者： muneeb Ur Rehman Fawad Ahmed Muhammad Attique Khan Usman Tariq Faisal Abdulaziz Alfouzan Nouf M.Alzahrani Jawad ahmad Department of Electrical Engineering HITEC University TaxilaPakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC University TaxilaPakistan College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KhrajSaudi Arabia Department of Forensic Sciences College of Criminal JusticeNaif Arab University for Security SciencesRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Information Technology Albaha UniversityAlbahaSaudi Arabia School of Computing Edinburgh Napier UniversityUK

Recognition of dynamic hand gestures in real-time is a difficult task because the system can never know when or from where the gesture starts and ends in a video *** researchers have been working on visionbased gesture recognition due to its various *** paper proposes a deep learning architecture based on the combination of a 3D Convolutional Neural Network(3D-CNN)and a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)*** proposed architecture extracts spatial-temporal information from video sequences input while avoiding extensive *** 3D-CNN is used for the extraction of spectral and spatial features which are then given to the LSTM network through which classification is carried *** proposed model is a light-weight architecture with only 3.7 million training *** model has been evaluated on 15 classes from the 20BN-jester dataset available *** model was trained on 2000 video-clips per class which were separated into 80%training and 20%validation *** accuracy of 99%and 97%was achieved on training and testing data,*** further show that the combination of 3D-CNN with LSTM gives superior results as compared to MobileNetv2+LSTM.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks 3D-CNN LSTM spatiotemporal jester real-time hand gesture recognition

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In vivo imaging of structural,metabolic and functional brain changes in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 446-449页

作者： Anisha Kasi muneeb A.Faiq Kevin C.Chan NYU Langone Eye Center Department of Ophthalmology NYU School of Medicine NYU Langone Health New York University Department of Radiology NYU School of Medicine NYU Langone Health New York University Center for Neural Science Faculty of Arts and Science New York University

Glaucoma, the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a condition for which elevated intraocular pressure is currently the only modifiable risk factor. However, the disorder can continue to progress even at reduced intraocular pressure. This indicates additional key factors that contribute to the etiopathogenesis. There has been a growing amount of literature suggesting glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease of the visual system. However, it remains debatable whether the observed pathophysiological conditions are causes or consequences. This review summarizes recent in vivo imaging studies that helped advance the understanding of early glaucoma involvements and disease progression in the brains of humans and experimental animal models. In particular, we focused on the non-invasive detection of early structural and functional brain changes before substantial clinical visual field loss in glaucoma patients; the eye-brain interactions across disease severity; the metabolic changes occurring in the brain's visual system in glaucoma; and, the widespread brain involvements beyond the visual pathway as well as the potential behavioral relevance. If the mechanisms of glaucomatous brain changes are reliably identified, novel neurotherapeutics that target parameters beyond intraocular pressure lowering can be the promise of the near future, which would lead to reduced prevalence of this irreversible but preventable disease.

关键词： glaucoma intraocular pressure eye-brain-behavior relationship irreversible blindness magnetic resonance imaging metabolic brain changes sensitivity disease progression

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Significantly enhanced flashover voltage of epoxy in vacuum by graded surface roughness modification

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High Voltage 2023年第5期8卷 997-1010页

作者： Inzamam Ul Haq Feipeng Wang Shakeel Akram muneeb Ahmed Muhammad Tariq Nazir State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment&System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

The flashover strength of epoxy(EP)insulations in the High voltage direct current applications of future energy grids can be improved by tailoring their surface *** work aims to improve the DC surface flashover characteristics of EP after being treated with sandpaper of different *** with virgin EP and homogenously modified EP considering varying surface roughness(R_(a)=0.54,3.16,5.24,and 8.35μm)are *** experimental characterisations,such as water contact angle,surface intrinsic conductivity,surface voltages,flashover strength,and trap distributions are conducted and evaluated to analyse the difference between virgin and treated ***,based on the obtained experimental results of homogenously treated EP and theoretical analysis,the concept of surface functionally graded materials(SFGMs)is put *** flashover voltages of homogenously treated EP are augmented significantly compared to virgin EP regardless of the voltage polarity and enhanced by enhancing the surface *** sample T_(Model‐C) with SFGM design shows a 45.02%and 43.75%improvement in the negative and positive flashover voltages than that of the virgin *** the end,COMSOL simulations are conducted to justify the experimental findings and to analyse the difference between virgin and modified samples in terms of electric field distribution.

关键词： flash graded roughness

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Glymphatic imaging and modulation of the optic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 937-947页

作者： Anisha Kasi Crystal Liu muneeb A.Faiq Kevin C.Chan Department of Ophthalmology NYU Grossman School of MedicineNYU Langone HealthNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Radiology NYU Grossman School of MedicineNYU Langone HealthNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Neuroscience Institute NYU Grossman School of MedicineNYU Langone HealthNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Center for Neural Science College of Arts and ScienceNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Optic nerve health is essential for proper function of the visual ***,the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative disease processes affecting the optic nerve,such as glaucoma,is not fully ***,it was hypothesized that a lack of proper clearance of neurotoxins contributes to neurodegenerative *** ability to clear metabolic waste is essential for tissue homeostasis in mammals,including *** the brain lacks the traditional lymphatic drainage system identified in other anatomical regions,there is growing evidence of a glymphatic system in the central nervous system,which structurally includes the optic *** to acknowledge the supportive role of astroglial cells,this perivascular fluid drainage system is essential to remove toxic metabolites from the central nervous ***,we review existing literature describing the physiology and dysfunction of the glymphatic system specifically as it relates to the optic *** summarize key imaging studies demonstrating the existence of a glymphatic system in the optic nerves of wild-type rodents,aquaporin 4-null rodents,and humans;glymphatic imaging studies in diseases where the optic nerve is impaired;and current evidence regarding pharmacological and lifestyle interventions that may help promote glymphatic function to improve optic nerve *** conclude by highlighting future research directions that could be applied to improve imaging detection and guide therapeutic interventions for diseases affecting the optic nerve.

关键词： aquaporin-4 cerebrospinal fluid glaucoma glymphatic system hydrocephalus imaging metabolic waste clearance optic nerve perivascular pharmacological and lifestyle interventions

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