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A single nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2(DUOX2) gene causes some of the panda's unique metabolic phenotypes

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National Science Review 2022年第2期9卷 34-42页

作者： agata m.rudolf Qi Wu Li Li Jun Wang Yi Huang Jacques Togo Christopher Liechti min Li Chaoqun Niu Yonggang Nie Fuwen Wei John R.Speakman State Key Laboratory of molecular Development Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Centre of Excellence for Animal Ecology and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Key Laboratory of metabolic Health Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an iconic bear native to China,famous for eating almost exclusively *** unusual dietary behavior for a carnivore is enabled by several key adaptations including low physical activity,reduced organ sizes and hypothyroidism leading to lowered energy *** adaptive phenotypes have been hypothesized to arise from a panda-unique single-nucleotide mutation in the dual-oxidase 2(DUOX2) gene,involved in thyroid hormone *** test this hypothesis,we created genome-edited mice carrying the same point mutation as the panda and investigated its effect on metabolic *** mice were 27% smaller than heterozygous and wild-type ones,had 13 % lower body mass-adjusted food intake,5 5 % decreased physical activity,lower mass of kidneys(11%) and brain(5%),lower serum thyroxine(T4:36%),decreased absolute(12%) and mass-adjusted(5%) daily energy expenditure,and altered gut *** with T4 reversed the effects of the *** work uses a state-of-the-art genome editing approach to demonstrate the link between a single-nucleotide mutation in a key endocrine-related gene and profound adaptive changes in the metabolic phenotype,with great importance in ecology and evolution.

关键词： giant panda DUOX2 mutation metabolic rate thyroid hormones DUOX2 mice and microbiota

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On Problems with Downscaling in Internal Flows

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Journal of Thermal Science 2005年第4期14卷 305-307页

作者： rudolf DVO■K Institute of Thermomechanics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicDolejskova 5Prague 18200 Czech Republic

Problems that may accompany downscaling in internal flows are discussed. Non-dimensional similarity parameters （like Re, m, etc.） depend on parameters that scale down fully （e.g., length）, or that are specified by design （velocities, cascade geometry）, or that are scale invariant （like thermophysical and transport properties of fluids）.This fact has to be taken into acount in the similarity considerations. With decreasing Reynolds number the surface forces become of growing importance, however, if not going down directly to microflows the main problems are connected with the three-dimensional flow structure affecting the skin friction, and with the fact that some of the flow phenomena （e.g. vortical structures） cannot fully develop.

关键词： relatively narrow channels secondary flows skin friction microturbines.

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Impact of pre-existing cardiometabolic diseases on metastatic cancer stage at diagnosis:a prospective multinational cohort study

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Cancer Communications 2024年第5期44卷 593-597页

作者： Anna Jansana Aviane Auguste marina Kvaskoff Agnès Fournier Emma Fontvieille Laia Peruchet-Noray Carine Biessy Reynalda Cordova Kristina Elin Nielsen Petersen Anne Tjoneland Verena Katzke rudolf Kaaks Fulvio Ricceri Salvatore Panico Paolo Contiero maria-Jose Sánchez Jesus Castilla marta Crous-Bou Alicia Heath Elom Kouassivi Aglago Elisabete Weiderpass marc James Gunter Pietro Ferrari Elio Riboli Vivian Viallon Heinz Freisling International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC-WHO) LyonFrance Paris-Saclay University University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-YvelineUniversity Paris-SudFrench National Institute for Health and Medical Research(Inserm)Gustave Roussy“Exposome and Heredity”TeamCESPVillejuifFrance Department of Nutritional Sciences University of ViennaViennaAustria Danish Cancer Society Research Center CopenhagenDenmark Department of Public Health University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research CentreHeidelbergGermany Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of TurinTurinItaly Unit of Epidemiology Regional Health Service ASL TO3GrugliascoTurinItaly Department of Clinical medicine and Surgery Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly Environmental Epidemiology Unit Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)-Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly Cancer Registry of Granada Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada(ibs.GRANADA)GranadaSpain Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases Group Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research CentreMadridSpain Navarra Public Health Institute PamplonaSpain Unit of Nutrition and Cancer Cancer Epidemiology Research ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology(ICO)-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute(IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain Department of Epidemiology Harvard Tseng-Hsi Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonUK

Owing to shared risk factors between cardiometabolic diseases(CmDs)and cancer,coupled with population aging,the lifetime risk of an individual developing cancer after a CmD is ***,biological mechanisms such as insulin resistance or inflammation may not only predispose individuals withCmDto an elevated risk of certain types of cancer but also to a diagnosis of cancer at an advanced stage[1,2].

关键词： diagnosis diseases cancer

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Design of molecule-based magnetic conductors

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Nano Research 2014年第12期7卷 1832-1842页

作者： Naureen Akhtar Graeme R. Blake Roberto Felici Heinz Amenitsch Thomas T. m. Palstra Petra rudolf Zernike Institute for Advanced materials University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747AG Groningen The Netherlands ESRF BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9 France Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayerg. 9/IV A-8010 Graz Austria

Enabling the use of rationally designed thin films in technological devices is a recognized goal in materials science. However, constructing such thin films using highly ordered supramolecular architectures with well-controlled size and growth direction has remained an elusive target. Here, we introduce a layer-by- layer protocol to grow hybrid thin films of molecule-based magnetic conductors comprising arachidic acid and donor bis（ethylenedioxy）tetrathiafulvalene （BEDO-TTF） as the organic component and Cu/Gd complexes as the inorganic component. The construction of layered hybrid thin films was achieved at ambient conditions by employing the Langmuir-Blodgett method, which provides good control over film thickness and packing of molecules in the monolayer. As demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, these films are crystalline with distinct organic and inorganic sublattices, where the BEDO-TTF molecular layer is interfaced with the inorganic layer. Due to the flexibility of the Langmuir-Blodgett deposition technique, this result indicates a route toward the preparation of well-ordered films with various functionalities, determined by the choice of the inorganic compound that is combined with the π-unit of BEDO-TFF. moreover, the ability to deposit films on a variety of substrates establishes the potential for lower-cost device fabrication on inexpensive substrates.

关键词： molecule-based materials self-assembly ordered heterostructures multifunctionality ultra-thin films

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Collective effects for long bunches in dual harmonic RF systems

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第2期32卷 139-145页

作者：安世忠 Klaus Bongardt rudolf maier 唐靖宇张天爵 China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413 China IKP FZ Juelich 52425 JuelichGermany Institute of High Energy Physics CAS Beijing 100049China

The storage of long bunches for large time intervals needs flattened stationary buckets with a large bucket height. Collective effects from the space charge and resistive impedance are studied by looking at the incoherent particle motion for the matched and mismatched bunches. Increasing the RF amplitude with particle number provides r.m.s wise matching for modest intensities. The incoherent motion of large amplitude particles depends on the details of the RF system. The resulting debunching process is a combination of the too small full RF acceptance together with the mismatch, enhanced by the collective effects. Irregular single particle motion is not associated with the coherent dipole instability. For the stationary phase space distribution of the Hofmann-Pedersen approach and for the dual harmonic RF system, stability limits are presented, which are too low if using realistic input distributions. For single and dual harmonic RF system with d=0.31, the tracking results are shown for intensities, by a factor of 3 above the threshold values. Small resistive impedances lead to coherent oscillations around the equilibrium phase value, as energy loss by resistive impedance is compensated by the energy gain of the RF system.

关键词： resistive impedance incoherent motion halo formation coherent dipole instability

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Testicular volume and clinical correlates of hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular function:A cross-sectional study in obese men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第4期22卷 354-359页

作者： mark Ng Tang Fui rudolf Hoermann Gary Wittert mathis Grossmann Department of medicine Austin Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria 3084Australia Department of Endocrinology Austin HealthMelbourneVictoria 3084Australia School of medicine University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia

The aim of this study was to determine whether testicular volume is correlated with clinical and biochemical markers of hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular(HPT)axis *** was a cross-sectional substudy of a larger randomized controlled trial including obese men,body mass index(BmI)≥30 kg m−2,with a total testosterone levelmol l−*** volume was measured by orchidometer,testosterone by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry,and body composition by dual-energy X-ray *** completed the Aging males'Symptoms(AmS)score,International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5),physical function,and handgrip dynamometer ***-nine men participated with a median(interquartile range[IQR])age of 53.1(47.6,59.2)years,BmI of 37.0(34.6,40.5)kg m−2,and a total testosterone of 7.0(6.1,7.9)nmol l−*** testicular volume was 18(IQR:10,20)*** volume was negatively correlated with BmI(τ=−0.1952,P=0.010)and total fat mass(τ=−0.2115,P=0.005)independent of age and *** BmI,testosterone,sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),and luteinizing hormone(LH)were present in a multivariable model,only BmI(-0.38 ml change in testicular volume per 1 kg m-2BmI;95%CI:−0.74,−0.02;P=0.04)and LH(-0.92 ml change in testicular volume per 1 IU l-1 LH;95%CI:−1.75,−0.095;P=0.03)remained independent significant predictors of testicular *** volume was positively correlated with IIEF-5(τ=0.2092,P=0.021),but not related to handgrip strength,physical function tests,or *** obese men,testicular volume is inversely and independently associated with measures of adiposity,but not with most clinical or biochemical markers of HPT axis *** a clinical perspective,this suggests that obesity might compromise the reliability of reduced testicular volume as a sign of androgen deficiency in men.

关键词： hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis testicular volume testosterone

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Emittance-dominated long bunches in dual harmonic RF system

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第1期32卷 60-66页

作者：安世忠 Klaus Bongardt rudolf maier 唐靖宇张天爵 China Institute of Atomic Energy IKP FZ Juelich 52425 JuelichGermany Institute of High Energy Physics CAS

The storage of long bunches for long time intervals needs flattened stationary buckets with a large bucket height. The longitudinal motion of the initially mismatched beam has been studied for both the single and dual harmonic RF systems. The RF amplitude is determined to be r.m.s wise matched. The bucket height of the single harmonic system is too small even for shorter bunch with only 20% increased energy spread. The Halo formation and even debunching can be seen after a few synchrotron periods for single particles with large amplitude. In the case of small energy spread for a cooled beam, Coulomb interaction cannot be ignored. The external voltage has to be increased to keep the r.m.s bunch length unchanged. The new voltage ratio R（N） simplifies physics for the emittance-dominated bunches with modest particle number N. For the single harmonic system, substantial amount of debunching occurs without increasing the external voltage, but very little if the RF amplitude is doubled. Results from the ORBIT tracking code are presented for the 1 GeV bunch in the HESR synchrotron, part of the GSI FAIR project.

关键词： bucket height mismatch space charge effect debunching

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Parametric study of spark plasma sintering of Al_(20)Cr_(20)Fe_(25)Ni_(25)mn_(10) high entropy alloy with improved microhardness and corrosion

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International Journal of minerals,metallurgy and materials 2022年第1期29卷 119-127页

作者： Andries mthisi Nicholus malatji A.Patricia I.Popoola L.rudolf Kanyane Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringTshwane University of TechnologyP.M.B.X680PretoriaSouth Africa

multicomponent Al_(20)Cr_(20)Fe_(25)Ni_(25)mn_(10) alloys were synthesized using spark plasma sintering at different temperatures(800,900,and 1000℃)and holding times(4,8,and 12 min)to develop a high entropy alloy(HEA).The characteristics of spark plasma-synthesized(SPSed)alloys were experimentally explored through investigation of microstructures,microhardness,and corrosion using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),Vickers microhardness tester,and potentiodynamic polarization,*** diffraction(XRD)characterization was employed to identify the phases formed on the developed *** EDS results revealed that the alloys consisted of elements selected in this work irrespective of varying sintering *** XRD,EDS,and scanning electron microscopy collectively provided evidence that the fabricated alloys were characterized by globular microstructures exhibiting face-centered cubic phase,which was formed on a basis of solid solution *** finding implies that the SPSed alloy showed the features of *** alloy produced at 1000℃ and holding time of 12 min portrayed an optimal microhardness of HV 447.97,but the value decreased to HV 329.47 after heat *** same alloy showed an outstanding corrosion resistance *** increase in temperature resulted in an Al_(20)Cr_(20)Fe_(25)Ni_(25)mn_(10) alloy with superior density,microhardness,and corrosion resistance over the other alloys developed at different parameters.

关键词： high entropy alloy spark plasma sintering microhardness corrosion

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Late biliary complications in human alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high mortality

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5881-5888页

作者： Pascal Frei Benjamin misselwitz meher K Prakash Alain m Schoepfer Bettina m Prinz Vavricka Beat müllhaupt michael Fried Kuno Lehmann rudolf W Ammann Stephan R Vavricka Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois1011 LausanneSwitzerland Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary and Transplantation Center Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zurich8091 ZurichSwitzerland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stadtspital Triemli8063 ZurichSwitzerland

AIm: To evaluate the incidence of late biliary complications in non-resectable alveolar echinococcosis (AE) under long-term chemotherapy with benzimidazoles.

关键词： Alveolar echinococcosis Biliary strictures Biliary cirrhosis Cholangitis Cholestatic liver disease Chronic liver disease Complications Echinococcal cysts Prognosis

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Does Soil Disturbance Affect Soil Phosphorus Fractions?

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第6期3卷 263-272页

作者： Yonathan D. Redel rudolf Schulz Torsten müller University of Hohenheim Institute of Crop Science Fertilisation and Soil Matter Dynamics (340i) Stuttgart Germany University of Hohenheim Institute of Crop Science Fertilisation and Soil Matter Dynamics (340i) Stuttgart Germany Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (Bioren-UFRO) Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile.

Increased turnover of organic matter as a result of soil disturbance (e.g. by soil tillage) is described in principle, but the direct influence of soil disturbance on soil P turnover especially for organic farming systems has not been sufficiently proven. The objective of the study was to evaluate the short term effect of soil disturbance on different soil P fractions in a soil shaking experiment. Four soils were incubated for 10 days in the dark with three different disturbance treatments: 1) no disturbance, 2) overhead shaking for 2 h at the beginning of the experiment and 3) continuous overhead shaking at 5 r. p. m. The four investigated soils were: 1) a silty loam soil with long term bio-compost application and 2) the corresponding soil without bio-compost application, 3) a long-term organically managed clay loam soil and 4) a clay loam soil with long time application of pig manure, all not and from Baden-Württemberg, Germany. We determined NaHCO3-, NaOH- and H2SO4-extractable inorganic and organic P fractions (Pi and Po, resp.) in a sequential extraction. Furthermore, the potentially plant available P as Calcium-acetate-lactate-extractable P (CAL-P) and P extractable by electro-ultra-filtration (EUF-P), and aqua regia extractable total P (PT) were determined. Furthermore, we determined microbial biomass carbon (mBC), nitrogen (mBN) and phosphorus (mBP), and acid phosphatase activity in soil. The organically managed soil had the highest PT contents (1300 mg·kg-1). The soil with pig manure application had the smallest potentially labile P fractions (NaHCO3-Pi and -Po and NaOH-Pi). The ecologically managed soil had the biggest organic P fractions (114 mg·kg-1 NaHCO3-Po and 463 mg·kg-1 NaOH-Po), but, this soil was the lowest in CAL-P (5 mg·kg-1). Short term soil disturbance had effects on labile organic P fractions of two of the four analyzed soils, but inorganic P was rather unaffected. In the compost amended COmP(+) soil, there was an incorporation of P from the

关键词： Phosphorus Fractions Soil Disturbance microbial Phosphorus Organic Phosphorus microbial Nitrogen Acid Phosphatase Activity

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