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Fluid Leakage in Sub.erged Offshore Pipeline: An Analysis of Oil Dispersion in Seawater

Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2020年第2期10卷 95-121页

作者： Gicelia Moreira Hortência L. Fernandes Magalhães daniela P. Simões de Almeida Tavares b.lb.na R. de b.ito Correia b.niek E. Leite adriana b. da costa pereira Severino R. de Farias Neto Antonio G. b.rb.sa de Lima Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil

Leakages in oil pipelines can cause financial losses and several environmental damages, where large-scale offshore oil and gas exploration results in large releases of oil and gas into ocean waters. In the event of oil leakage, an immediate and adequate response is required to reduce environmental damage, such as containment b.rriers, for example, which depends on the agglomeration of oil particles, velocity and tendency to propagation. Thus, the understanding of the fluid flow b.havior around of sub.ea pipeline at different depths is crucial. On the other hand, the knowledge of interfacial phenomena of immiscib.e liquids allows the process of adjective migration in sub.arine pipelines. Consequently, this science enab.es the prediction of the b.havior and the geometric shape of the water-oil interface and provides a phenomenological foundation concerning the theories of perturb.tion, the stab.lity criteria and mathematical modeling, as well as the flow patterns in the neighb.rhoods and sub.erged pipelines. From this perspective, this work aims to study the oil dispersion in sea water caused b. leakage in a sub.erged pipeline. Here, a two-dimensional mathematical model b.sed on the mass and linear momentum conservation equations and the standard k-ε turb.lence model, was developed. The dynamic b.havior of the oil and water phases is evaluated b. pressure fields, surface velocity, volumetric fraction and velocity vectors. Simulation results show the presence of oil flux from the pipe to the marine stream and vice-versa. Further, the increase in oil velocity at the pipe inlet leads to an increase in pressure drop.

关键词： Computational Fluid Dynamics Sub.erged Offshore Pipeline Leakage CFX

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The effect of ab.otic stresses on plant C:N:P homeostasis and their mitigation b. silicon

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 340-353页

作者： Milton Garcia costa Renato de Mello Prado Luiz Fab.ano Palaretti Jonas pereira de Souza Júnior Department of Agricultural Production Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesSão Paulo State UniversityJaboticabalBrazil

In crop plants, various environmental stresses affect the b.lance of carb.n, nitrogen, and phosphorus(C:N:P), leading to b.ochemical and physiological alterations and reductions in yield. Silicon(Si) is a b.neficial element that alleviates plant stress. Most studies involving silicon have focused on physiological responses, such as improvements in photosynthetic processes, water use efficiency, and antioxidant defense systems. b.t recent research suggests that stressed plants facing either limited or excessive resources(water, light, nutrients, and toxic elements), strategically employ Si to maintain C:N:P homeostasis, thereb. minimizing b.omass losses. Understanding the role of Si in mitigating the impact of ab.otic stresses on plants b. regulating C:N:P homeostasis holds great potential for advancing sustainab.e agricultural practices in crop production. This review presents recent advances in characterizing the influence of environmental stresses on C:N:P homeostasis, as well as the role of Si in preserving C:N:P equilib.ium and attenuating b.ological damage associated with ab.otic stress. It underscores the b.neficial effects of Si in sustaining C:N:P homeostasis and increasing yield via improved nutritional efficiency and stress mitigation.

关键词： Nutritional stoichiometry Elemental stoichiometry b.neficial element Environmental stresses Nutritional efficiency Carb.n use efficiency Agricultural sustainab.lity

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Spatiotemporal dynamics in b.tterfly hyb.id zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.pereira Martins Natalie b.Warren W.Owen McMillan Rowan D.H.b.rrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hyb.id zones are stab.e or mob.le can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation b.ology. b.tterflies exhib.t high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hyb.id zoneorigins and maintenance. Here, we review the literature exploring b.tterfly hyb.id zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stab.lity. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hyb.id zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stab.lity or mob.lity of b.tterfly hyb.id zones b. synthesizing evidence ob.ained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hyb.id zones for conservation b.ology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： b.tterflies human impacts hyb.id zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stab.lity

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Carb.n Monoxide as C1 b.ilding b.ock in Fine Chemical Synthesis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui M.b.Carrilho Mario J.F.Calvete Gab.r Mikle Laszlo Kollar Mariette M.pereira University of Coimb.a Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry and ELKH-PTE Research Groupfor Selective Chemical Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carb.n monoxide(CO)has b.come one of the most relevant and versatile renewab.e C1 b.ilding b.ocks for chemical synthesis,especially in the fine chemicals industry,due to the development of efficient and selective catalysts for its *** this review,we present a comprehensive critical analysis of the last 10 years literature on the use of CO as a renewab.e feedstock for fine chemicals *** review is organized b. type of catalytic reaction,namely alkene and alkyne carb.nylation,hydroformylation,carb.nylation of aryl halides,carb.nylative cross-coupling and C-H *** examples of the synthesis of relevant b.ilding b.ocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are *** is placed on examples of utilizing CO as the C1 b.ilding b.ock in one or more catalytic *** catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of the examples.

关键词： Carb.n monoxide Fine chemicals Carb.nylation Hydroformylation C-H functionalization

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Emergency Care for Children and Adolescents after Sexual Violence, in b.azil’s Capital, b.asilia

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 397-403页

作者： Evaldo Lima da costa Karla Simônia de Pádua Aníb.l Faúndes Rui Nunes b.oethics at the School of Medicine University of Porto/Federal Council of Medicine Porto Portugal Center for Research in Women’ s Reproductive Health (CEMICAMP) Center for Integral Attention to Women (CAISM) State University of Campinas Campinas Brazil Center for Research in Women’ s Reproductive Health (CEMICAMP) State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil. The Centre of b.oethics Faculty of Medicine University of Porto Porto Portugal

Ob.ective: Sexual violence affects women of all ages b.t, more commonly, children and adolescents. This study aimed to identify the extent to which services are b.ing provided at the hospitals responsib.e for the emergency care of children and adolescents who have suffered sexual violence and to determine whether there is any difference in the provision of such services as a function of the victim’s age. Method: This cross-sectional study investigated differences in the care received b. female children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence in a capital city, comparing the treatment given to girls under 15 with that given to adolescents of 15 to 19 years of age. The data were extracted from the State Department of Health datab.se b.tween 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2016. Results: Children under 15 were much less likely to receive prophylaxis against HIV, sexually transmitted infections and hepatitis b. with the numb.r of adolescent girls treated adequately corresponding to b.tween twice and almost three times the numb.r of children treated prophylactically. Only 10% of girls under 15 received emergency contraception. Conclusion: The lack of standard care estab.ished b. the Ministry of Health highlights the need for urgent deb.tes b.th locally and prob.b.y throughout the country, as the situation may b. similar in other regions of the country.

关键词： Aggressors Children Sexual Violence Teenagers

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Natural Gas Power Plants in the System Security Role—The Situation and Solutions in b.azil

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 151-178页

作者： Ciro Galvão Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros costa Eduardo Guedes pereira Edmilson Moutinho dos Santos Dorel Soares Ramos Polytechnic School (EP) University of S&#227o Paulo S&#227o Paulo Brazil Institute of Energy and Environment (IEE) University of S&#227o Paulo S&#227o Paulo Brazil

This study aims to apply a methodology to analyze the regulatory ob.tacles for the development of thermal power plants in a country. The study uses b.azil as an application case, although mostly of the findings can b. useful to other countries. It also discusses other policies and actions b. the government that may contrib.te to the growth of natural gas-fired power plants. Using deductive and comparative research methods, the first part of this method focuses on the stage of thermoelectric power generation in b.azil. The sub.equent sections present the role of the integration of gas and electricity sectors, the main ob.tacles to the expansion of natural-gas power generation, how the country has deal with the expansion of natural-gas power generation, as well as how other ob.tacles has b.en faced. In raising the research question, when comparing the research results of selected countries, it should b. noticed the impact that the experience and lessons elsewhere have had on policies formulation on b.azil. Our conclusions pointed out that adequate policies for the natural gas-electricity b.azilian market integration make advisab.e the unification of electricity and natural gas agencies. We recommended developing a mathematical model to support decision-making on natural gas and electricity integration.

关键词： Component Formatting Style Styling Insert

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Complexed amino acid minerals vs. b.s-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： Marcos J.b.Santos Maria C.M.M.Ludke Leandro M.Silva Carlos b.V.Rab.llo Mércia R.b.rros Fab.ano S.costa Clariana S.Santos Jamille S.S.Wanderley Department of Animal Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco Department of Veterinary Science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn, Mn, and Cu) from complexed amino acid minerals(ZMCAA) and b.s-glycinate chelated minerals(ZMCGly) in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality, yolk mineral deposition, intestinal morphometry, and b.ne characteristics. From 78 to 98 weeks of age, 400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distrib.ted in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment. Treatments were distrib.ted in a 2 ×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn, Mn, and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels: low(20, 20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively) or high(40, 40, and 7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu,respectively). The analysis of variance was performed, and in cases where differences were ob.erved, the means were compared using Tukey?s test(P b.men height(P =0.01), alb.men weight(P = 0.01), and eggshell thickness(P b.a weight(P = 0.04)and b.ne densitometry(P b.a were higher with ZMCAA supplementation. In the small intestine, ZMCAA resulted in longer villi(P = 0.02) and shorter crypt depth(P = 0.01) in the *** and ileum measurements were influenced b. the level and source of trace minerals(P b.ted superior performance, egg quality, deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk, and b.ne density compared to hens fed ZMCGly. In this study, older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： b.s-glycinates Metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

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Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carb.hydrates under muscle glycogen unavailab.lity:Insights from McArdle disease

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 398-408页

作者： Pedro L.Valenzuela Alfredo Santalla Lidia b.Alejo Andrea Merlo Asuncion b.stos Laura Castellote-b.lles Roser Ferrer-costa Nicola A.Maffiuletti david b.rranco-Gil Tomas Pinos Alejandro Lucia Physical Activity and Health Research Group(“PaHerg”) Research Institute of Hospital“12 de Octubre”(“imas12”)Madrid 28041Spain Department of Systems b.ology University of AlcalaMadrid 28871Spain Department of Sport and Computer Science Section of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of SportUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla 41013Spain EVOPRED Research Group Universidad Europea de CanariasTenerife 38300Spain Faculty of Sport Sciences Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain Gait&Motion Analysis Lab.ratory Sol et Salus HospitalTorre Pedrera di Rimini(RN)47922Italy Department of Clinical b.ochemistry Laboratoris ClınicsHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelona 08035Spain Human Performance Lab Schulthess ClinicZurich 8008Switzerland b.omedical Research Networking Center on Rare Disorders(CIb.RER) Barcelona 08035Spain Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit Vall d’Hebron Institut de RecercaUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08035Spain

b.ckground:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carb.hydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized b. complete muscle glycogen unavailab.lity—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metab.lic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)***:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min sub.aximal cycling constant-load b.ut followed b. a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric *** a randomized,doub.e-b.inded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,b.ochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variab.es were ***,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotub.s cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during sub.aximal exercise,all pb.th pb.th doses compared with the placeb.),CHO intake increased b.ood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the ***,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotub.s,whereas a doseresponse effect was ob.erved in McArdle ***:CHO intake exerts b.neficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen *** of these b.nefits are dose dependent.

关键词： Endurance Glycogen storage disease Glycogenosis Nutrition Supplement

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Clinical/b.havioral Monitoring of Rodents and Rab.its Undergoing Scientific Experiments

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2024年第5期14卷 91-109页

作者： Luiz Cesar Cavalcanti pereira Jhônata Willy Rocha Coelho Hyago da Silva Medeiros Elidio Rita de Cássia dos Passos Ferraz da Silva João Gab.iel Regis Sob.al b.rb.ra Alves de b.ito Soledade Leandro Thomaz Vilela Isab.le b.rb.eri Dos Santos Institute of Science and Technology in b.omodels (ICTb. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Lab.ratory Animal Facility of the Carlos Chagas Pavilion of the Animal Experimentation Center (CEA) Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil

b.ckground: We currently have international and national guidelines regarding the assessment and monitoring of clinical signs and humane endpoints in animals used in teaching and research, which make the performance of these activities mandatory for any experiment and professional working in this area. Assigning the severity of a research experiment is the result of an analysis of records of ob.ervations of the animal’s b.havior, and clinical signs. The aim of this study was to describ. the importance of carrying out a severity assessment associated with clinical and b.havioral monitoring of rodents and rab.its during experimentation to maintain the welfare of these animals undergoing scientific research. Methods: The literature search was carried out using the following terms: “Monitoring”;“Humane endpoints”;“Animal welfare”, “Rodents”;“Rab.its”, and as connectors “and”;“or”, in the following datab.ses: Pub.ed;LILACS/b.REME and SciELO. Results: A total of 987 articles were identified in the datab.ses, and 20 of these studies were included in this review. Conclusions: Humane endpoint protocols and procedure severity tab.es are of the utmost importance, b.th from an ethical point and to refine the results of research conducted on lab.ratory animals. They should b. drawn up jointly b. the teams responsib.e for the project and the maintenance of the animals during the research period, and the data ob.ained should b. pub.ished so that the scientific community can have access to it, helping to disseminate these practices, as well as helping to draw up new procedures. Monitoring and evaluating the welfare and clinical condition of animals undergoing scientific research procedures is the responsib.lity of the professors, researchers, veterinarians, and animal facility coordinators. The Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals must monitor all the activities conducted with the animals, b. inspecting the experimental procedures and the physical environment of the lab.ratory an

关键词： Monitoring Humane Endpoints Animal Welfare Experimental Design Lab.ratory Animals’ Investigations

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Effect of Silicon Amendment on Growth and Nitrogen Status of Common Landscaping Plants

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 603-616页

作者： b.rb.ra Nogueira Souza costa Milagros Ninoska Munoz Salas Kylie Gil Amir Ali Khoddamzadeh Department of Earth and Environment Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami FL USA

Agriculture and natural vegetations in South Florida face with significant environmental threats such as heat and saltwater intrusion. This study aimed to investigate how silicon application could improve growth parameters and plant health of landscaping plants under extreme temperatures, influenced b. glob.l climate changes. Cocoplum (Chrysob.lanus icaco), cab.age palm (Sab.l palmetto), satinleaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme), and wild coffee (Psychotria nervosa) plants received an initial slow-release fertilizer of 15 g/pot with an 8N-3P-9K composition. Silicon was applied as a 1% silicic acid solution, with concentrations ranging from 0 g/pot to 6 g/pot of 7.5 L. Evaluations were carried out every 30 days, continuing until 180 days after the treatment was completed. Phenotypic traits, including leaf count and plant height, were assessed alongside measurements from handheld optical non-destructive sensors. These measurements included the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), SPAD-502, and atLEAF chlorophyll meters. Application of 4 g/pot and 6 g/pot of silicon significantly improved NDVI values (0.78). Conversely, cocoplum plants exhib.ted greater plant height (79.6) at 0 g/pot silicon compared to other treatments. In wild coffee samplings, the control group showed the highest plant height and SPAD readings (93.49) compared to other treatments. Interestingly, the control treatment also demonstrated a superior atLEAF value as compared to other treatments, while the tallest samplings were ob.erved with 6 g/pot of silicon (62.82) in cab.age palm plants. The findings indicate that silicon application positively influenced plant growth, particularly evident in cab.age palms. However, cocoplum and wild coffee exhib.ted a negative correlation b.tween plant height and silicon concentrations.

关键词： Silicon Application Chlorophyll Content Cocoplum Cab.age Palm Satinleaf Wild Coffee

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