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feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds(Buphagus spp.)in Namibia

Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 336-344页

作者： Michael S.Lukubwe Daniel Velarde-Garcéz fernando Sequeira Susana Lopes adrian j.f.k.craig Vanessa A.Mata Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa Department of Wildlife Management and Tourism Studies University of NamibiaKatima Mulilo CampusNamibia Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa,oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic *** to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit,the type of symbiotic relationship can be *** addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks,oxpeckers frequently feed on blood,mucus,and saliva,inflicting potential damage on the ***,we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker(Buphagus africanus)and Red-billed Oxpecker(***)in northeastern *** contrast to conventional methods,DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same *** this information,we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities,as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod *** findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals,ticks,and flies;however,ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an *** observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology,which is strongly correlated with locality and,to a lesser extent,with the mammal *** noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods,with 32%of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal *** study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds,shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

关键词： Commensalism Diet DNA metabarcoding Oxpeckers Parasitism Trophic ecology

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Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg Dameli Assalauova johan Bielecki Rebecca Boll Benedikt j.Daurer Lutz A.Eichacker Linda E.franken Davide E.Galli Luca Gelisio Lars Gumprecht Laura H.Gunn janos Hajdu Robert Hartmann Dirk Hasse Alexandr Ignatenko jayanath koliyadu Olena kulyk Ruslan kurta Markus kuster Wolfgang Lugmayr jannik Lübke adrian P.Mancuso Tommaso Mazza Carl Nettelblad Yevheniy Ovcharenko Daniel E.Rivas Max Rose Amit k.Samanta Philipp Schmidt Egor Sobolev Nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko Daniel Westphal Tamme Wollweber Lena Worbs Paul Lourdu Xavier Hazem Yousef kartik Ayyer Henry N.Chapman jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants jochen küpper Michael Meyer filipe R.N.C.Maia Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XfEL Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Diamond Light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Dipartimento di fisica“Aldo Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for free-Electron Laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PNSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomedical and X-Ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ELI Beamlines/IoP Institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Multi-User CryoEM facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UkE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Division of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European Molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired *** was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron *** to theory,the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier,and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably *** was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant *** then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be *** ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of *** we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays,and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single *** the pattern,it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the *** experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

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中国高粱抗高粱霜霉病鉴定研究

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辽宁农业科学 1989年第6期 17-21页

作者：卢庆善 j.craig k.f.Schertz 辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所美国农业部农业研究站和得克萨斯农业和机械大学植物病理和微生物学系美国农业部农业研究站和得克萨斯农业和机械大学作物土壤学系

高粱霜霉病是由高粱霜霉菌[Peronosclerospora sorghi(Weston and Uppal)Shaw]引起的一种真菌病害,能为害高粱、玉米、珍珠粟等农作物.它最早发生在亚洲、非洲的一些国家.在1949年汇总的植物病害分布图上(C. M. I. Distribution Map of ... 详细信息

高粱霜霉病是由高粱霜霉菌[Peronosclerospora sorghi(Weston and Uppal)Shaw]引起的一种真菌病害,能为害高粱、玉米、珍珠粟等农作物.它最早发生在亚洲、非洲的一些国家.在1949年汇总的植物病害分布图上(C. M. I. Distribution Map of Plant Diseases),还有中国和意大利.但后来没有证实.1956年,在美洲巴拿马饲料高梁上发现高粱霜霉病.不久,此病在美洲的一些国家相继传播开来.1961年,在美国得克萨斯州最先发现高梁霜霉病.1967年以后,高粱霜霉病成为美国第一个主要的作物流行病.70年代初期。

关键词：高粱霜霉病品种抗病性

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SARS-CoV-2 spike variants differ in their allosteric responses to linoleic acid

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journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第3期15卷 55-66页

作者： A.Sofia f.Oliveira Deborah k.Shoemark Andrew D.Davidson Imre Berger Christiane Schaffitzel adrian j.Mulholland School of Chemistry Centre for Computational ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristol BS81TSUK School of Chemistry University of BristolBristol BS81TSUK School of Biochemistry University of BristolBristol BS81TDUK School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of BristolUniversity WalkBristol BS81TDUK School of Chemistry Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal BiologyBristol BS81TSUK

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contains a functionally important fatty acid(fA)binding site,which is also found in some other coronaviruses,***-CoV and *** occupancy of the fA site by linoleic acid(LA)reduces infectivity by‘locking’the spike in a less infectious ***,we use dynamical-nonequilibrium molecular dynamics(D-NEMD)simulations to compare the allosteric responses of spike variants to LA removal.D-NEMD simulations show that the fA site is coupled to other functional regions of the protein,*** receptor-binding motif(RBM),N-terminal domain(NTD),furin cleavage site,and regions surrounding the fusion peptide.D-NEMD simulations also identify the allosteric networks connecting the fA site to these functional *** comparison between the wild-type spike and four variants(Alpha,Delta,Delta plus,and Omicron BA.1)shows that the variants differ significantly in their responses to LA *** allosteric connections to the fA site on Alpha are generally similar to those on the wild-type protein,with the exception of the RBM and the S71–R78 region,which show a weaker link to the fA *** contrast,Omicron is the most different variant,exhibiting significant differences in the RBM,NTD,V622–L629,and furin cleavage *** differences in the allosteric modulation may be of functional relevance,potentially affecting transmissibility and *** comparison of the effects of LA on SARS-CoV-2 variants,including emerging variants,is warranted.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 spike allosteric modulation D-NEMD simulations fatty acid binding site SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Optimising mesh size with escape gaps in a dual-species portunid-trap fishery

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Aquaculture and fisheries 2020年第6期5卷 308-316页

作者： Matt k.Broadhurst Daniel j.Tolhurst Brian Hughes Vincent Raoult Timothy M.Smith Troy f.Gaston NSW Department of Primary Industries Fisheries Conservation Technology UnitNational Marine Science CentrePO Box 4321Coffs HarbourNSW2450Australia Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4072Australia The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies University of EdinburghEaster BushMidlothianEH259RGUnited Kingdom Hunter Local Land Services PO Box 440TareeNSW2430Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleOurimbahNSW2258Australia

In south-eastern Australia,the same baited,round traps(comprising 50–57-mm mesh netting)are used to target giant mud,Scylla serrata and blue swimmer crabs,Portunus armatus in spatially separated *** fisheries are characterised by the common,problematic discarding of undersized portunids(for *** and ***)and fish(yellowfin bream,Acanthopagrus australis).This poor selectivity was addressed here in two experiments assessing the utility of(1)traps partially or completely covered in larger mesh(91 mm to match the minimum legal size of the smaller ***),and then(2)any cumulative benefits of fitting species-specific escape *** experiment 1,there were no differences among catches of legal-sized portunids associated with either partial,or complete trap coverage with larger *** of mesh coverage,both designs of 91-mm traps also retained significantly fewer(by up to 42%)undersized *** and *** experiment 2,replicate traps completely covered in 91-mm mesh were tested against conventional traps comprising 56-mm mesh,and traps with the same mesh sizes,but also three escape gaps configured for either ***(46×120 mm)or ***(36×120 mm)(*** treatments in total).All modified traps maintained catches of legal-sized ***,and only the 91-mm traps with escape gaps caught fewer legal-sized *** undersized ***,*** and ***(mean catches reduced by up to 49%)were retained in all larger-meshed than small-meshed traps,and in all of those traps with escape gaps(by up to 95%)than *** there were no significant cumulative benefits of escape gaps in largermeshed traps(measured by a statistical interaction),there was a trend of fewer unwanted catches *** data support configuring portunid traps with mesh sizes matching the morphology of the smallest legal-sized target ***,simply retroactively fitting escape gaps in existing,smaller-m

关键词： Bycatch Escape gap Mesh size Portunid

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频率波数域分级偏移

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国外油气勘探 1989年第6期 1-14页

作者： craig j Beasley 陈丽英

Stolt的频率-波数(f-k)法是一种有效的计算方法。对于常速介质,该算法倾角精度是很高的。虽然垂向速度变化不太大时f-k法也可以应付,但当这种速度变化大而倾角又陡的情况下,所产生的误差就无法接受了。本文论述了一种f-k法的扩展,这种... 详细信息

Stolt的频率-波数(f-k)法是一种有效的计算方法。对于常速介质,该算法倾角精度是很高的。虽然垂向速度变化不太大时f-k法也可以应付,但当这种速度变化大而倾角又陡的情况下,所产生的误差就无法接受了。本文论述了一种f-k法的扩展,这种方法不受垂向速度变化的限制,而精度又与相移偏移法相当,其计算时间却只有相移法的几分之一。和分级有限差分偏移一样,这种扩展的f-k法的基础是分离速度场,并进行多级f-k偏移。在每级偏移中,偏移速度场要比做常规偏移(即只有一级)时更接近于一个常数,这就是f-k偏移的理想情况。实验结果和误差分析表明,对于实际的任何垂向非均匀的速度场来说,最多用4级f-k算法就足以使陡同相轴的偏移结果与相移法结果一样地准确。由于该方法比较准确有效,所以它可以成为二维时间偏移、二次三维偏移和一次三维时间偏移中可供选择的方法。

关键词： f-k 域三维偏移偏移误差速度场横向速度陡倾同相轴

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CXCR5^(+)PD-1^(++)CD4^(+)T cells colonize infant intestines early in life and promote B cell maturation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第2期20卷 201-213页

作者： Ana jordan-Paiz Glòria Martrus fenja L.Steinert Max kaufmann adrian f.Sagebiel Renée R.C.E.Schreurs Anne Rechtien Martin E.Baumdick johannes M.jung kimberly j.Möller Lucy Wegner Cordula Grüttner Laura Richert Roland Thünauer jennifer Schroeder-Schwarz johannes Bvan Goudoever Teunis B.H.Geijtenbeek Marcus Altfeld Steven T.Pals Daniel Perez Paul L.klarenbeek Christian Tomuschat Guido Sauter Ingo königs Udo Schumacher Manuel A.friese Nathaniel Melling konrad Reinshagen Madeleine j.Bunders Department of Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute of VirologyHamburg20251Germany University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg20246Germany Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center for Molecular Neurobiology HamburgUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20251Germany Department of General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam Infection&Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Emma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands I.Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems German Center for Infection Research(DZIF)Hamburg20246Germany University of Bordeaux Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleBordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and INRIA SISTM TeamBordeaux33000France Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of Pathology Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology Amsterdam Infection&Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1007 MBThe Netherlands Amsterdam Rheumatology&Immunology Center Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Pediatric Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Institute of Pathology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of Pediatric Surgery Altona Children’s HospitalHamburg22763Germany III.Department of Medicine University M

Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in *** induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells(TfH cells).We investigated the ontogeny of CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells in human *** CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells were absent in fetal intestines,CXCR5+PD-1++CD4+T cells increased after birth and were abundant in infant intestines,resulting in significant higher numbers compared to *** findings were supported by scRNAseq analyses,showing increased frequencies of CD4+T cells with a TfH gene signature in infant intestines compared to ***-cultures of autologous infant intestinal CXCR5+PD-1+/−CD4+T cells with B cells further demonstrated that infant intestinal TfH cells were able to effectively promote class switching and antibody production by B *** together,we demonstrate that functional TfH cells are numerous in infant intestines,making them a promising target for oral pediatric vaccine strategies.

关键词： TfH cells B cells Antibodies Intestine Pediatrics

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串联 f-k 偏移:消除速度随深度变化的限制

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石油物探译丛 1989年第5期 1-10页

作者： craig j.Beasley 戴成泰

对于常速介质.Stolt 的频率—波数(f-k)方法在计算上是有效率的,且对倾角精度没有限制。虽然 f-k 方法可以处理适中的垂向速度变化.但当这种变化很大时,对于陡倾角情况.误差将变得难以接受。本文阐述了一种推广后的 f-k 方法,该方法消... 详细信息

对于常速介质.Stolt 的频率—波数(f-k)方法在计算上是有效率的,且对倾角精度没有限制。虽然 f-k 方法可以处理适中的垂向速度变化.但当这种变化很大时,对于陡倾角情况.误差将变得难以接受。本文阐述了一种推广后的 f-k 方法,该方法消除了对垂向速度变化的限制.且仅需用少量的计算时间,就可以达到与相移法偏移相当的精度。f-k 方法的推广是以速度场的剖分为基础.就象串联有限差分偏移那样,执行若干级 f-k偏移。在每一级中.偏移速度场较之常规偏移方法中的速度场而言更接近于常数,这时的 f-k 偏移很理想。经验结果和误差分析表明,对于任何一个实际的垂向非均匀速度场而言,最多只需要四级串联 f-k 偏移就可以达到与相移法相同的精度。对给定的精度和效率.串联 f-k偏移成为一种可供选择的方法,用来做二维、两次三维和一次三维时间偏移。

关键词：串联f-k偏移速度深度

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Low-protein diet accelerates wound healing in mice post-acute injury

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 339-350页

作者： jonathan j.Hew Roxanne j.Parungao craig P.Mooney julian k.Smyth Sarah kim kevin H.-Y.Tsai Huaikai Shi Cassandra Chong Renee C.f.Chan Beba Attia Caroline Nicholls Zhe Li Samantha M.Solon-Biet David G.Le Couteur Stephen j.Simpson Marc G.jeschke Peter k.Maitz Yiwei Wang Burns Research and Reconstructive Surgery ANZAC Research InstituteConcord HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia 2139 Bone Biology Group ANZAC Research InstituteConcord HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia 2139 Adrenal Steroids Laboratory ANZAC Research InstituteConcord HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia 2139 Electron Microscopy Unit Anatomical PathologyConcord HospitalSydneyAustralia 2139 Burns Unit Concord Repatriation General HospitalConcordAustralia 2139 Ageing and Alzheimer Institute and ANZAC Research Institute Concord HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia 2139 Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneyAustralia 2006 Sunnybrook Research Institute TorontoOntarioCanadaM4N 3M5 School of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingPR China 210023

Background:Wound healing processes are influenced by macronutrient intake(protein,carbohydrate and fat).The most favourable diet for cutaneous wound healing is not known,although highprotein diets are currently favoured *** experimental study investigates the optimal macronutrient balance for cutaneous wound healing using a mouse model and the Geometric framework,a nutrient modelling method,capable of analyzing the individual and interactive effects of a wide spectrum of macronutrient ***:Two adjacent and identical full-thickness skin excisions(1 cm^(2))were surgically created on the dorsal area of male C57BL/6 *** were then allocated to one of 12 high-energy diets that varied in protein,carbohydrate and fat *** select diets,wound healing processes,cytokine expression,energy expenditure,body composition,muscle and fat reserves were ***:Using the Geometric framework,we show that a low-protein intake,coupled with a balanced intake of carbohydrate and fat is optimal for wound *** fed a low-protein diet progressed quickly through wound healing stages with favourable wound inflammatory cytokine expression and significantly accelerated collagen *** local processes were associated with an increased early systemic inflammatory response and a higher overall energy expenditure,related to metabolic changes occurring in key macronutrient reserves in lean body mass and fat ***:The results suggest that a low-protein diet may have a greater potential to accelerate wound healing than the current clinically used high-protein diets.

关键词： Wound healing Macronutrients Cutaneous Geometric framework Mouse model Low-protein diet Nutrition

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Phased,chromosome-scale genome assemblies of tetraploid potato reveal a complex genome,transcriptome,and predicted proteome landscape underpinning genetic diversity

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Molecular Plant 2022年第3期15卷 520-536页

作者： Genevieve Hoopes Xiaoxi Meng john P.Hamilton Sai Reddy Achakkagari fernanda de Alves freitas Guesdes Marie E.Bolger joseph j.Coombs Danny Esselink Natalie R.kaiser Linda kodde Maria kyriakidou Brian Lavrijssen Natascha van Lieshout Rachel Shereda Heather k.Tuttle Brieanne Vaillancourt joshua C.Wood jan Mde Boer Nolan Bornowski Peter Bourke David Douches Herman jvan Eck Dave Ellis Max j.feldman kyle M.Gardner johannes C.P.Hopman jiming jiang Walter S.De jong joseph C.kuhl Richard G.Novy Stan Oome Vidyasagar Sathuvalli Ek Han Tan Remco A.Ursum M.Isabel Vales kelly Vining Richard G.f.Visser jack Vossen G.craig Yencho Noelle L.Anglin Christian W.B.Bachem jeffrey B.Endelman Laura M.Shannon Martina V.Stromvik Helen H.Tai Bjorn Usadel C.Robin Buell Richard finkers Department of Plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Plant Science McGill UniversitySainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X 3V9Canada Plant Breeding Wageningen University&ResearchPlant Breeding6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands IBG-4 Bioinformatics Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm Johnen Str52428 JülichGermany Department of Plant Soiland Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Bayer Crop Science WoodlandCA 95695USA Averis Seeds B.V. 9640 AA Veendamthe Netherlands International Potato Center 1895 Avenida La MolinaLimaPeru USDA-ARS ProsserWA 99350USA Agriculture and Agri-food Canada fredericton Research and Development Centre FrederictonNB E3B 4Z7Canada School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853-1901USA Department of Plant Sciences University of IdahoMoscowID 83844USA USDA-ARS Small Grains and Potato Germplasm ResearchAberdeenID 83210USA HZPC Research B.V. Edisonweg 58501 XG Jourethe Netherlands Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityHermistonOR 97838USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine5735 Hitchner Hall OronoME 04469USA Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-2133USA Department of Horticulture Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-7609USA Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Institute for Biological Data Science Heinrich Heine UniversityDusseldorf40225 DusseldorfGermany Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Present address:GenNovation B.V. Wageningenthe Netherlands

Cultivated potato is a clonally propagated autotetraploid species with a highly heterogeneous *** assemblies of six cultivars including two chromosome-scale phased genome assemblies revealed extensive allelic diversity,including altered coding and transcript sequences,preferential allele expression,and structural variation that collectively result in a highly complex transcriptome and predicted proteome,which are distributed across the homologous *** species contribute to the extensive allelic diversity in tetraploid cultivars,demonstrating ancestral introgressions predating modern breeding *** a clonally propagated autotetraploid that undergoes limited meiosis,dysfunctional and deleterious alleles are not purged in tetraploid *** a quarter of the loci bore mutations are predicted to have a high negative impact on protein function,complicating breeder’s efforts to reduce genetic *** StCDf1 locus controls maturity,and analysis of six tetraploid genomes revealed that 12 allelic variants of StCDf1 are correlated with maturity in a dosage-dependent *** of the complexity of the tetraploid potato genome with its rampant structural variation and embedded deleterious and dysfunctional alleles will be key not only to implementing precision breeding of tetraploid cultivars but also to the construction of homozygous,diploid potato germplasm containing favorable alleles to capitalize on heterosis in f1 hybrids.

关键词： potato allele diversity phased assembly polyploid pan-genome wild introgressions

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