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Astrocytes and retrograde degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease:removing axonal debris

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第4期10卷 554-572页

作者： Ingrid Morales Ricardo Puertas-Avendaño Alberto Sanchez adrian Perez-Barreto Clara Rodriguez-Sabate Manuel Rodriguez Laboratory of Neurobiology and experimental Neurology Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineLa Laguna UniversityLa LagunaTenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases(CIBeRNeD) MadridSpain

Objective:The dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons(DA cells)in healthy people present a slow degeneration with aging,which produces cellular debris throughout *** 2%-5%of people present rapid cell degeneration of more than 50%of DA cells,which produces Parkinson's disease(PD).Neuroinflammation accelerates the cell degeneration and may be critical for the transition between the slow physiological and the rapid pathological degeneration of DA cells,particularly when it activates microglial cells of the medial forebrain bundle near dopaminergic *** synaptic debris produced by DA cell degeneration may trigger the parkinsonian neuroinflammation,this study investigated the removal of axonal debris produced by retrograde degeneration of DA cells,paying particular attention to the relative roles of astrocytes and ***:Rats and mice were injected in the lateral ventricles with 6-hydroxydopamine,inducing a degeneration of dopaminergic synapses in the striatum which was not accompanied by non-selective tissue damage,microgliosis or *** possible retrograde degeneration of dopaminergic axons,and the production and metabolization of DA-cell debris were studied with immunohistochemical methods and analyzed in confocal and electron microscopy ***:The selective degeneration of dopaminergic synapses in the striatum was followed by a retrograde degeneration of dopaminergic axons whose debris was found within spheroids of the medial forebrain *** spheroids retained mitochondria and most(e.g.,tyrosine hydroxylase,the dopamine transporter protein,and amyloid precursor protein)but not all(e.g.,α-synuclein)proteins of the degenerating dopaminergic *** showed initial(autophagosomes)but not late(lysosomes)components of autophagy(incomplete autophagy).These spheroids were penetrated by astrocytic processes of the medial forebrain bundle,which provided the lysosomes needed to continue the degradation of dopaminergic debri

关键词： Astrocyte Phagocytosis Parkinson's disease Dying-back degeneration Medial forebrain bundle Spheroid

Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds(Buphagus spp.)in Namibia

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 336-344页

作者： Michael S.Lukubwe Daniel Velarde-Garcéz Fernando Sequeira Susana Lopes adrian J.F.K.Craig Vanessa A.Mata Department of Zoology and entomology Rhodes UniversityMakhandaSouth Africa Department of Wildlife Management and Tourism Studies University of NamibiaKatima Mulilo CampusNamibia Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairãoVairãoPortugal

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa,oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic *** to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit,the type of symbiotic relationship can be *** addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks,oxpeckers frequently feed on blood,mucus,and saliva,inflicting potential damage on the ***,we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker(Buphagus africanus)and Red-billed Oxpecker(***)in northeastern *** contrast to conventional methods,DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same *** this information,we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities,as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod *** findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals,ticks,and flies;however,ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an *** observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology,which is strongly correlated with locality and,to a lesser extent,with the mammal *** noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods,with 32%of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal *** study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds,shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

关键词： Commensalism Diet DNA metabarcoding Oxpeckers Parasitism Trophic ecology

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Methanotrophy-driven accumulation of organic carbon in four paddy soils of Bangladesh

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 348-358页

作者： Nasrin SULTANA Jun ZHAO Yuanfeng CAI G.K.M.Mustafizur RAHMAN Mohammad Saiful ALAM Mohammad FAHeeM adrian HO Zhongjun JIA State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Agroforestry and environmental Science Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Bangla Agricultural University(SAU)Sher-e-Bangla NagarDhaka-1207Bangladesh Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University(BSMRAU)Gazipur-1706Bangladesh Institute for Microbiology Leibniz Universität HannoverHerrenhäuser Straße 2Building 4104Hannover D-30419Germany

Biological methane oxidation is a crucial process in the global carbon cycle that reduces methane emissions from paddy fields and natural wetlands into the ***,soil organic carbon accumulation associated with microbial methane oxidation is poorly ***,to investigate methane-derived carbon incorporation into soil organic matter,paddy soils originated from different parent materials(Inceptisol,entisol,and Alfisol) were collected after rice harvesting from four major rice-producing regions in *** microcosm incubation with 5%(volume/volume)^(13) CH_(4),soil^(13) C-atom abundances significantly increased from background level of 1.08% to 1.88%–2.78%,leading to a net methane-derived accumulation of soil organic carbon ranging from 120 to 307 mg kg^(-1).Approximately 23.6%–60.0% of the methane consumed was converted to soil organic carbon during microbial methane *** phylogeny of^(13) C-labeled pmoA(enconding the alpha subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase) and 16 S rRNA genes further revealed that canonical α(type II) and γ(type I) Proteobacteria were active methane *** within the Methylobacter-and Methylosarcina-affiliated type Ia lineages dominated active methane-oxidizing communities that were responsible for the majority of methane-derived carbon accumulation in all three paddy soils,while Methylocystis-affiliated type IIa lineage was the key contributor in one paddy soil of Inceptisol *** results suggest that methanotroph-mediated synthesis of biomass plays an important role in soil organic matter *** study thus supports the concept that methanotrophs not only consume the greenhouse gas methane but also serve as a key biotic factor in maintaining soil fertility.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene DNA-based stable-isotope probing(DNA-SIP) methane oxidation methanotroph pmoA rice soil soil organic carbon soil organic matter

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西澳大利亚州土地利用的实践与技术——新疆土地利用之借鉴(英文)

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干旱区地理 2002年第2期25卷 121-126页

作者：钱亦兵 adrian Williams 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 干旱环境管理中中心Curtin技术大学

西澳大利亚州 (西澳 )大部分为年平均降水量 2 0 0～ 5 0 0mm的干旱半干旱地区。这里的农田草场面临土地退化 ,包括植被衰败、地下水上升和土壤盐渍化等 ,主要由土地开垦及过牧所致。西澳在解决此问题及草场管理、矿区植被重建方面取得... 详细信息

西澳大利亚州 (西澳 )大部分为年平均降水量 2 0 0～ 5 0 0mm的干旱半干旱地区。这里的农田草场面临土地退化 ,包括植被衰败、地下水上升和土壤盐渍化等 ,主要由土地开垦及过牧所致。西澳在解决此问题及草场管理、矿区植被重建方面取得许多成功经验和相关技术。 (1)盐渍化控制 :开垦土地、砍伐林木、种植小麦引起的地下水上升和次生盐渍化。大范围植树可控制地下水上升。适合植树的条件是 :a)较低的地下水含盐量 (5°的缓坡上。当地科学家应用GIS、空间分析和野外监测充分研究树木生长和地下水位、含盐量、土壤质地及地面坡度的关系 ,最终确定适宜树木生长的土地景观。 (2 )草场管理 :草场因过牧、野生动物危害、杂草蔓延、大风、洪水、火灾的破坏而退化 ,当地通过以下措施促使牧场实现有效恢复和更新 :a)以草定畜 ;b)修建多种截水、集水、引水工程 ,确保墒情 ;c)在地表营造适于牧草种子着床、萌芽生长的小生境 ;d)完善的种植技术和良好的种源 ;e)坚持围栏和定点监测 ,确定植被覆盖率和复牧的时间强度。 (3)矿区植被重建和尘土控制

关键词：新疆西澳大利亚土地利用土地退化地下水矿区盐渍化草场

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Nanostructured biohybrid material with wide-ranging antiviral action

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Nano Research 2023年第8期16卷 11455-11463页

作者： Noelia Losada-Garcia Angela Vazquez-Calvo David Ortega-Alarcon Olga Abian adrian Velazquez-Campoy Pilar Domingo-Calap Antonio Alcami Jose M.Palomo Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica(ICP) CSICC/Marie Curie 2.Madrid 28049Spain Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(UAM)Madrid 28049Spain Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems(BIFI) Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFIUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón(IIS Aragón) Zaragoza 50009Spain CIBeRehd Madrid 28029Spain Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas I2SyBioUniversitat de València-CSICValència E-46071Spain

Respiratory pathogens kill more people than any other infectious agent each year *** of novel,economically friendly,sustainable,and highly efficient materials against viruses is a major ***,we describe a nanostructured material composed of very small crystalline phosphate copper nanoparticles synthesized using a new biohybrid technology that employs a biological agent for its formation at room temperature in aqueous *** evaluation of different enzymes in the final preparation of the nanomaterial or even in synthetic methods was *** characterization revealed the formation of Cu species in the protein *** best biomaterial synthesized using a lipase called BioCuNPs showed excellent inhibition capacity against functional proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2);for example,assent 3-chymotrypsin like protease(3CLpro)complete inhibition was achieved by using 5µg/mL,or acetone(ACe)–spike protein interaction was inhibited by more than 80%in the presence of 400µg/mL of *** these in vitro results into account,an efficacy analysis against human coronavirus 229e(HCoV-e229)coronavirus was performed.A virus reduction of 99%was obtained in 5 ***,SARS-CoV-2 virus was tested to demonstrate high efficiency,with>99%inhibition in 15 min using 500 microgram of *** determine the wide applicability of this nanohybrid against viruses,an evaluation was carried out against a non-enveloped virus such as Human Rhinovirus(HRV-14),obtaining a virus reduction of 99.9%in 5 ***,the virucidal capacity against different bacteriophages was also evaluated,obtaining an excellent inhibition effect against PhageΦX174(99.999%reduction in 5 min).

关键词： antiviral compound coronaviruses copper nanoparticles nanobiotechnology viruses

Multiscale assessment of ground,aerial and satellite spectral data for monitoring wheat grain nitrogen content

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 504-522页

作者： Joel Segarra Fatima Zahra Rezzouk Nieves Aparicio Jon González-Torralba Iker Aranjuelo adrian Gracia-Romero Jose Luis Araus Shawn C.Kefauver Integrative Crop ecophysiology Group Plant Physiology SectionFaculty of BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona 08028Spain AGROTeCNIO(Center for Research in Agrotechnology) Lleida 251981Spain Agro-technological Institute of Castilla y León(ITACyL) Valladolid 47071Spain Grupo AN Tajonar 31192NavarreSpain Instituto de Agrobiotecnología(IdAB) CSIC-Gobierno de NavarraMutilva Baja 31192PamplonaNavarreSpain

Wheat grain quality characteristics have experienced increasing attention as a central factor affecting wheat end-use products quality and human ***,in the last decades a reduction in grain quality has been ***,it is central to develop efficient quality-related phenotyping *** this sense,one of the most relevant wheat features related to grain quality traits is grain nitrogen content,which is directly linked to grain protein content and monitorable with remote sensing ***,the relation between nitrogen fertilization and grain nitrogen content(protein)plays a central role in the sustainability of *** aiming to develop efficient phenotyping tools using remote sensing instruments and to advance towards a field-level efficient and sustainable monitoring of grain nitrogen status,this paper studies the efficacy of various sensors,multispectral and visible red-greenblue(RGB),at different scales,ground and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),and phenological stages(anthesis and grain filling)to estimate grain nitrogen *** models were calculated using vegetation indices at each sensing level,sensor type and phenological ***,this study explores the up-scalability of the best performing model to satellite level Sentinel-2 equivalent *** found that models built at the phenological stage of anthesis with UAV-level multispectral cameras using red-edge bands outperformed grain nitrogen content estimation(R2=0.42,RMSe=0.18%)in comparison with those models built with RGB imagery at ground and aerial level,as well as with those built with widely used ground-level multispectral *** also demonstrated the possibility to use UAV-built multispectral linear models at the satellite scale to determine grain nitrogen content effectively(R2=0.40,RMSe=0.29%)at actual wheat fields.

关键词： Wheat Remote sensing Sentinel-2 Grain nitrogen content Phenotyping

Patterns of antidepressant therapy and clinical outcomes among ischaemic stroke survivors

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 384-394,I0018-I0032页

作者： Mark R etherton Shreyansh Shah Xu Haolin Ying Xian Lesley Maisch Deidre Hannah Brianna Lindholm Barbara Lytle Laine Thomas eric e Smith Gregg C Fonarow Lee H Schwamm Deepak L Bhatt adrian F Hernandez emily C O'Brien Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA American Heart Association Inc DallasTexasUSA Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Cumming School of MedicineCalgaryAlbertaCanada Cardiology Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Cardiology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Population Health Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background and purpose Depression is common after stroke and is often treated with antidepressant medications(AD).ADs have also been hypothesised to improve stroke recovery,although recent randomised trials were *** investigated the patterns of in-hospital AD initiation after ischaemic stroke and association with clinical and readmission *** All Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 or older hospitalised for ischaemic stroke in participating Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals between April and December 2014 were eligible for this *** measures included days alive and not in a healthcare institution(home time),all-cause mortality and readmission within 1-year *** score(PS)-adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between AD use and each outcome *** also compared outcomes in patients prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)AD versus those prescribed non-SSRI *** Of 21805 AD naive patients included in this analysis,1835(8.4%)were started on an AD at *** started on an AD had higher rates of depression and prior ischaemic stroke,presented with higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and were less likely to be discharged ***,patients started on an SSRI had lower rates of discharge to *** for stroke severity,patients started on an AD had worse all-cause mortality,all-cause readmission,major adverse cardiac events,readmission for depression and decreased ***,AD use was also associated with an increased risk for the sepsis,a falsification endpoint,suggesting the presence of residual *** Patients with ischaemic stroke initiated on AD therapy are at increased risk of poor clinical outcomes and readmission even after PS adjustment,suggesting that poststroke depression requiring medication is a poor prognostic *** research is needed to explore

关键词： prescribed admission founding

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生长素促进泌乳的最近研究进展

生物技术通报 1986年第6期 1-5页

作者： D.e.bauman R.J.Collier 赵辛

引言五十多年来,生长素对反刍动物代谢的影响一直受到人们的关注。该领域内的早期研究包括对处于生长和泌乳期的实验动物注射垂体的粗提取物。随后的研究表明,给予生长素可以增加反刍家畜的产奶量及生长速率。值得一提的是,Folley、You... 详细信息

引言五十多年来,生长素对反刍动物代谢的影响一直受到人们的关注。该领域内的早期研究包括对处于生长和泌乳期的实验动物注射垂体的粗提取物。随后的研究表明,给予生长素可以增加反刍家畜的产奶量及生长速率。值得一提的是,Folley、Young 及其同事在第二次世界大战期间,对生长素的催乳效应进行了一系列设计精密的实验,旨在增加英国的食物生产。生长素的作用机制一直鲜为人知,也未探索其商品应用的潜力。其原因是,从屠宰动物垂体中提取的生长素数量极为有限,并且纯度不一。然而,由于重组 DNA 技术的进展以及由

关键词：生长素奶牛泌乳期乳牛产奶量产乳量

Real-time high-resolution mid-infrared optical coherence tomography

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 1076-1088页

作者： Niels M.Israelsen Christian R.Petersen Ajanta Barh Deepak Jain Mikkel Jensen Gunther Hannesschlager Peter Tidemand-Lichtenberg Christian Pedersen adrian Podoleanu Ole Bang DTU Fotonik Technical University of Denmark2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark NORBLIS IVS Virumgade 35 DVirum 2830Denmark Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing(ReCeNDT) Altenberger Straße 694040 LinzAustria NLIR ApS Hirsemarken 1Farum 3520Denmark Applied Optics Group School of Physical SciencesUniversity of KentCanterbury CT27NHUK

The potential for improving the penetration depth of optical coherence tomography systems by using light sources with longer wavelengths has been known since the inception of the technique in the early ***,the development of mid-infrared optical coherence tomography has long been challenged by the maturity and fidelity of optical components in this spectral region,resulting in slow acquisition,low sensitivity,and poor axial *** this work,a mid-infrared spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system operating at a central wavelength of 4μm and an axial resolution of 8.6μm is *** system produces two-dimensional cross-sectional images in real time enabled by a high-brightness 0.9-to 4.7-μm mid-infrared supercontinuum source with a pulse repetition rate of 1 MHz for illumination and broadband upconversion of more than 1-μm bandwidth from 3.58–4.63μm to 820–865 nm,where a standard 800-nm spectrometer can be used for fast *** images produced by the mid-infrared system are compared with those delivered by a state-of-the-art ultra-high-resolution near-infrared optical coherence tomography system operating at 1.3μm,and the potential applications and samples suited for this technology are *** doing so,the first practical mid-infrared optical coherence tomography system is demonstrated,with immediate applications in real-time non-destructive testing for the inspection of defects and thickness measurements in samples that exhibit strong scattering at shorter wavelengths.

关键词： resolution repetition illumination