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Predictive value of retinal function by the Purkinje test in patients scheduled for cataract surgery in Kinshasa, DR Congo

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第9期14卷 1392-1395页

作者： Serge Dinkulu Ngoy Janvier Kilangalanga Edith Mukwanseke Longo Flavien Lutete adrian hopkins Rudolf Friedrich Guthoff Thomas Stahnke Eye Department Saint Joseph HospitalKinshasa P.O.322DR Congo Programme National de Sante Oculaire et Vision(PNSOV) Kinshasa P.O.322DR Congo Department of Ophthalmology Rostock University Medical CenterRostock 18057Germany

AIM:To assess the retinal function in patients with dense cataracts in resource poor settings in Kinshasa,DR ***:In a tertiary eye care center,the Purkinje entoptic test was performed as part of the ophthalmological examination in 98 eyes in patients with cataract,using a *** 92 cataract patients including 86 patients suffered from unilateral and 6 from bilateral cataracts were included in the *** investigator asked the patients about their perception of the vascular pattern most commonly described as a leafless or dead *** acuity≥6/60 was considered an indication of good visual function and visual acuity<6/60 of poor *** small incision cataract surgery,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was determined and compared with the preoperative ***:Out of 98 eyes,there were 80(81.6%)where the Purkinje entoptic phenomenon was reported by the *** cataract surgery,out of the 80 eyes,there were 75(93.8%)with a BCVA of better than 6/60,whereas in 5 eyes(6.2%),BCVA was 6/60 or *** of the 18 eyes(18.4%)where no Purkinje tree was recognized,there were 14(77.8%)with BCVA of better than 6/60,whereas in 4(22.2%)BCVA was 6/60 or ***:The Purkinje entoptic test is successfully used for preoperative assessment of retinal function inpatients with dense ***,further investigation and refinement of the test is necessary to validate the method for use in sub-Saharan conditions.

关键词： Purkinje test entoptic phenomena cataract retinal function sub-Saharan Africa

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From river blindness control to elimination:bridge over troubled water

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 215-229页

作者： Robert Colebunders Maria-Gloria Basanez Katja Siling Rory J.Post Anke Rotsaert Bruno Mmbando Patrick Suykerbuyk adrian hopkins Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK Institute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpBelgium London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine LondonUK Liverpool John Moores University LiverpoolUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Neglected and Disabling diseases of Poverty Consultant GravesendKentUK

Background:An estimated 25 million people are currently infected with onchocerciasis(a parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by Simulium vectors),and 99%of these are in sub-Saharan *** African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control closed in December 2015 and the World Health Organization has established a new structure,the Expanded Special Project for the Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases for the coordination of technical support for activities focused on five neglected tropical diseases in Africa,including onchocerciasis ***:In this paper we argue that despite the delineation of a reasonably well-defined elimination strategy,its implementation will present particular difficulties in *** aim to highlight these in an attempt to ensure that they are well understood and that effective plans can be laid to solve them by the countries concerned and their international ***:A specific concern is the burden of disease caused by onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in hyperendemic zones situated in countries experiencing difficulties in strengthening their onchocerciasis control *** difficulties should be identified and programmes supported during the transition from morbidity control to interruption of transmission and elimination.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Control Elimination Monitoring&evaluation Community drug distributors Epilepsy Prevalence Incidence

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Report of the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 238-242页

作者： Robert Colebunders Michel Mandro Alfred K.Njamnshi Michel Boussinesq An Hotterbeekx Joseph Kamgno Sarah O’Neill adrian hopkins Patrick Suykerbuyk Maria-Gloria Basanez Rory J.Post Belen Pedrique Pierre-Marie Preux Wilma A.Stolk Thomas B.Nutman Richard Idro Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Provincial Health Division of Ituri BuniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Department of Neurology Yaounde Central Hospital/University of Yaounde 1Brain Research Africa Initiative(BRAIN)YaoundeCameroon Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement(IRD) MontpellierFrance Centre for Research on Filariasis and other Tropical Diseases(CRFilMT) and Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Neglected and Disabling Diseases of Poverty Consultant KentUK London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Imperial College LondonLondonUK London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine and Liverpool John Moores University LondonUK Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative GenevaSwitzerland Preux Pierre-Marie INSERMUniversity LimogesCHU LimogesUMR_S 1094Tropical NeuroepidemiologyInstitute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical NeurologyCNRS FR 3503 GEIST87000 LimogesFrance Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda

Background:Recently,several epidemiological studies performed in Onchocerca volvulus-endemic regions have suggested that onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)may constitute an important but neglected public health problem in many countries where onchocerciasis is still *** text:On October 12-14th 2017,the first international workshop on onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE)was held in Antwerp,*** workshop was attended by 79 participants from 20 different *** research findings strongly suggest that *** is an important contributor to epilepsy,particularly in meso-and hyperendemic areas for *** with *** is associated with a spectrum of epileptic seizures,mainly generalised tonic-clonic seizures but also atonic neck seizures(nodding),and stunted *** is characterised by an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 *** working groups discussed topics such as how to 1)strengthen the evidence for an association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy,2)determine the burden of disease caused by OAE,3)prevent OAE,4)improve the treatment/care for persons with OAE and affected families,5)identify the pathophysiological mechanism of OAE,and 6)deal with misconceptions,stigma,discrimination and gender violence associated with *** OAE Alliance was created to increase awareness about OAE and its public health importance,stimulate research and disseminate research findings,and create partnerships between OAE researchers,communities,advocacy groups,ministries of health,non-governmental organisations,the pharmaceutical industry and funding ***:Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying OAE remains unknown,there is increasing evidence that by controlling and eliminating onchocerciasis,OAE will also ***,OAE constitutes an additional argument for strengthening onchocerciasis elimination *** the high numbers of people with epilepsy

关键词： Onchocerciasis Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Nakalanga syndrome Prevalence Burden of disease Africa

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Recovery rates and long-term olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19 infection

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 121-128页

作者： Melanie Dias Zara Shaida Nora Haloob Claire hopkins ENT Department Guy's HospitalLondonUK

Objectives:Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most recognized symptoms of COVID-19,significantly impacting quality of life,particularly in cases where recovery is *** review aims to explore patterns of olfactory recovery post-COVID-19 infection,with particular focus on delayed *** Sources:Published literature in the English language,including senior author's own work,online and social media platforms,and patients'anecdotal ***:A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken by the authors with guidance from the senior author with expertise in the field of ***:Based on self-report,an estimated 95%of patients recover their olfactory function within 6 months post-COVID-19 ***,psychophysical testing detects higher rates of persistent olfactory *** has been found to continue for at least 2 years postinfection;negative prognostic indicators include severe olfactory loss in the acute phase,female sex,and older *** in quantitative and qualitative disturbance in prolonged cases likely reflects both peripheral and central pathophysiological *** of many of the reviewed studies reflect lack of psychophysical testing and baseline olfactory ***:Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction remains a significant health and psychosocial *** evidence is improving awareness and knowledge among clinicians to better support patients through their olfactory rehabilitation,with hope of recovery after several months or *** research is needed to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of delayed recovery,identify at risk individuals earlier in the disease course,and develop therapeutic targets.

关键词： anosmia COVID-19 olfaction parosmia recovery

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梅洛-庞蒂超越胡塞尔现象学的边界了吗?

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江淮论坛 2024年第2期 14-22页

作者： [美]伯特·C霍普金斯黄蕾(译) 朱光亚(校) 法国里尔大学 LilleUMR-CNRS 8163 STL 河南财经政法大学马克思主义学院陕西科技大学

莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂在其课堂讲义中批评了埃德蒙德·胡塞尔。他认为现象学的边界是本体论问题,就此而言,胡塞尔“作为严格科学的哲学”属于现象学。不过,梅洛-庞蒂认为,胡塞尔错误地将现象学“本质”结构上的不可变性客体化,致使其不能... 详细信息

莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂在其课堂讲义中批评了埃德蒙德·胡塞尔。他认为现象学的边界是本体论问题,就此而言,胡塞尔“作为严格科学的哲学”属于现象学。不过,梅洛-庞蒂认为,胡塞尔错误地将现象学“本质”结构上的不可变性客体化,致使其不能从感知基础和感知内容的理智这一高度去审视对象,更不可能解释观念性的起源。在此基础上,梅洛-庞蒂诉诸身体-主体,并从“结构性”或者具体化的先验出发,将历史性当作观念性。实际上,梅洛-庞蒂的观念性和历史性、可见性与不可见性之间,这两种交叉是不可通约的,交织的本体论不能够解释数学判断的绝对性和必然性。相反,在《欧洲科学的危机与超越论的现象学》中,胡塞尔解释了观念性,他不仅解释了几何学的起源,而且能够更好地解释一切科学的起源。就此而言,梅洛-庞蒂对胡塞尔的批评没有超越胡塞尔。

关键词：现象学的边界观念性历史性沉淀化

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Cultured meat in western media: The disproportionate coverage of vegetarian reactions, demographic realities, and implications for cultured meat marketing

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 264-272页

作者： Patrick D hopkins Department of Philosophy Millsaps College Center for Bioethics University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39210USA

This paper examines the media coverage of the 2013 London cultured meat tasting event, particularly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using major news outlets, prominent magazines covering food and science issues, and advocacy websites concerning meat consumption, the paper characterizes the overall emphases of the coverage, the tenor of the coverage, and compares the media portrayal of the important issues to the demographic and psychological realities of the actual consumer market into which cultured meat will compete. In particular, the paper argues that Western media gives a distorted picture of what obstacles are in the path of cultured meat acceptance, especially by overemphasizing and overrepresenting the importance of the reception of cultured meat among vegetarians. Promoters of cultured meat should recognize the skewed impression that this media coverage provides and pay attention to the demographic data that suggests strict vegetarians are a demographically negligible group. Resources for promoting cultured meat should focus on the empirical demographics of the consumer market and the empirical psychology of mainstream consumers.

关键词： cultured meat vegetarianism vegans Mark Post in vitro meat moral psychology consumer market disgust

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Behavioral and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes, to plant odours and volatile compounds

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2004年第2期49卷 136-141页

作者： KANGLe T.L.hopkins StateKeyLaboratoryofIntegratedManagementofPestInsects&Rodents.InstituteofZoology ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100080China DepartmentofEntomology KansasStateUniversityManhattanKS66506USA

Behavior and olfactory responses of grasshopper hatchlings, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.), to odours from plant foliage and volatile compounds were tested using a glass Y-tube olfactometer and electroantennogram (EAG)techniques respectively. In single choice trials, newly hatched hoppers were much more sensitive to the odour from intact leaves and chopped foliage of ryegrass and wheat than other plants. Chopped sorghum leaves, but not stem-cut sorghum,were also significantly attractive. The orientation responses of grasshopper hatchlings to these plants were highly consistent with those of last instar hoppers and adults. When ryegrass was employed as the control, the odour from stem-cut alfalfa was more attractive. There was no significant difference in hopper orientation responses to the odours from chopped seedlings of sorghum, alfalfa, wheat or ***, significantly more hoppers preferred the chopped ryegrass control to chopped Louisanna sage. Measurement of the EAG response of first instar hoppers to these plant odours showed that the odour of Louisanna sage elicited the greatest response amplitudes. In olfactory tests using different volatile components, Z-3-hexenol, E-3-hexenol,Z-hex-3-enyl acetate, E-2-hexenal and hexenal gave greater EAG responses than geraniol and 1-octen-3-ol. These results are also consistent with comparable data from adults. Newly hatched grasshoppers had similar EAG response profiles to plant materials and chemicals to those of adults, although the absolute EAG values of young hoppers were much lower than those of adults. Therefore, newly hatched hoppers were able to distinguish plants from an air control, and even host plants from non-host plants, and the feeding experience of hoppers probably has little influence on their subsequent ability as adults to identify and locate food plants.

关键词：嗅觉蝗虫挥发性化合物植物保护

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Atomic coordination dictates vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous carbon

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 525-531页

作者： Ashutosh Giri Connor J.Dionne Patrick E.hopkins Department of Mechanical Industrial and Systems EngineeringUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRI02881USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA22904USA

We discuss the role of atomic coordination in dictating the vibrational characteristics and thermal conductivity in amorphous *** systematic atomistic simulations on amorphous carbon structures at varying mass densities show the significant role played by the ratio of sp2 to sp3 hybridized bonds in dictating the contributions from propagating(phonon-like)and non-propagating vibrational modes and their influence on the overall thermal conductivities of the ***,our results show that as the concentration of sp3-bonded carbon atoms increases,the thermal conductivity can be increased by four fold,which is attributed to enhanced contributions from propagating modes in these amorphous *** results shed more light into the role of atomic coordination on dictating heat transfer mechanisms in amorphous materials,and also provide a deeper understanding of the ability to tune the thermal conductivity of amorphous carbon structures through the control of the local atomic coordination.

关键词： amorphous conductivity thermal

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Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis:a narrative review

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第1期6卷 21-28,I0001页

作者： Roy J.hopkins Robert B.Wilson Department of Upper GI Surgery Liverpool HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive,spore-forming,obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in *** high-income countries,*** is the most common cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized *** incidence of *** infection in the USA has increased markedly since 2000,with hospitalizations for *** infections in non-pregnant adults doubling between 2000 and *** 20%and 35%of patients with *** infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment and,of these,40–60%will have a second *** of *** infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care *** this article,current treatments for recurrent *** infection are reviewed and future directions *** include the use of antibiotics,probiotics,donor faecal transplants,anion resins,secondary bile acids or anti-toxin antibodies.

关键词： Clostridium difficile recurrent infection faecal microbiota transplant anion-binding resins monoclonal antibodies secondary bile acid

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Parameterization of the Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Source Function with Chemical Production by an Equivalent Two-Level Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第4期20卷 487-495页

作者： Xun ZHUThe Johns hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, MD 20723-6099, USA Applied Physics Laboratory The Johns Hopkins University USA

The classic two-level or equivalent two-level model that includes only the statistical equilibrium of radiative and thermal processes of excitation and quenching between two vibrational energy levels is extended by adding chemical production to the rate equations. The modifications to the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium source function and cooling rate are parameterized by ϕc, which characterizes the ratio of chemical production to collisional quenching. For applications of broadband emission of O3 at 9.6 μm, the non-LTE effect of chemical production on the cooling rate and limb emission is proportional to the ratio of O to O3. For a typical [O]/[O3], the maximum enhancements of limb radiance and cooling rate are about 15%–30% and 0.03–0.05 K day−1, respectively, both occurring near the mesopause regions. This suggests that the broadband limb radiance above ∼80 km is sensitive to O3 density but not sensitive to the direct cooling rate along the line-of-sight, which makes O3 retrieval feasible but the direct cooling rate retrieval difficult by using the O3 9.6 μm band limb emission.

关键词： non-LTE radiative transfer ozone cooling ozone retrieval space weather

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