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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 313-322页

作者： Kenna D.s. LEHMAnn Tracy M. MOnTGOMERY sarah M. MACLACHLAn Jenna M. PARKERC livia s. sPAGnUOLO Kelsey J. VAnDEWETERInG Patrick s. BILLs Kay E. HOLEKAMP Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University 288 Farm Lane Room 203 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 293 Farm Lane Room 103 East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1474 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Conservation Ecology and Environmental Informatics School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church St. Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Institute for Cyber Enabled Research Michigan State University Biomedical & Physical Sciences Building 567 Wilson Road Room 1440 East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.

关键词： competition cooperation hyena lion mobbing sociality.

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Patterns of trends in niveograph characteristics across the western United states from snow telemetry data

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Frontiers of Earth science 2020年第2期14卷 315-325页

作者： s.R.FAssnACHT J.I.LÓPEZ-MOREnO Ess-Watershed science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523-1472USA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523-1375USA natural Resources Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523-1499USA Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología CSICCampus de Aula Dei 50080Spain

The snowpack is changing across the globe,as the climate warms and *** used daily snow water equivalent(sWE)niveograph(time series of sWE)data from 458 snow telemetry(snOTEL)stations for the period 1982 through *** indices based on amount,timing,time length,and rates were used to describe the annual temporal evolution in sWE accumulation and *** trends in these annual indices were computed over the time period for each station using the Theil-sen *** trends were then clustered into four groups to determine the spatial pattern of sWE *** and precipitation data were extracted from the PRIsM data set,due to the shorter time period of temperature measurement at the snOTEL *** show that snOTEL stations can be clustered in four clusters according to the observed trends in snow *** 1 stations are mostly located in the Eastern-and south-eastern most parts of the study area and they exhibit a generalized decrease in the indices related with peak sWE and snow *** stations recorded a negative trend in precipitation and an increase in *** 4 that is mostly restricted to the north and north-west of the study area shows an almost opposite pattern to cluster 1,due to months with positive trends and a more moderate increase of *** grouped in clusters 2 and 3 appear mixed with clusters 1 and 4,in general they show very little trends in the snow indices.

关键词： snow water equivalent cluster analysis snOTEL

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迈阿密大学学生活动中心

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建筑技艺 2009年第10期15卷 70-75页

作者： Arquitectonica Bernardo fort Brescia Laurinda spear Alfonso Jurado Isamu Kanda Katia Robreno Laura Gilmore Tara-Keens Douglas FAIA iiiK studio Kurf Ltd. Konstruct West Partners

迈阿密大学学生活动中心将位于奥西奥拉湖沿岸，从校园门口的米勒大道延伸到斯坦福街的莱登大学中心。校园核心部分的综合体将为数千名学生、教师和工作人员服务，使学生个人与社团组织结成一个整体。

关键词：学生活动中心迈阿密大学社团组织工作人员使用面积综合体工作区

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schistosomiasis and the Philippine campaign

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第2期1卷 41-60页

作者： Cristóbal s.Berry-Cabá Womack Army Medical Center WAMC/IMD/Clinical Data Team Fort BraggNC 28310-5000

schistosomiasis is an infection with one of a series of related trematode parasites that are endemic to at least 76 tropical and subtropical *** affects over 200 million people in tropical and subtropical regions of south America,Africa and *** paper reported more than 1500 soldiers of Us troops and 560 men of Australian Air Force were affected schistosomiasis japonicum in the Leyte of the Philippines during the liberation of the Philippines from Octorber 1944 to the early months of *** troops there were affected by contaminated water with snail *** first,the medical corps knew little about the situations of the schistosomiasis japonica in the Leyte,no preventive measure was *** December 23,1944 CPT morris Goldberg discovered schistosomes first from the hospitalized soldiers while conducting a liver *** soldiers with markedly signs and symptoms were admitted to hospital for *** measure was taken *** Us sent a lot of experts to Philippines for the research of schistosomiasis japonicum,including epidemiology, prevention,diagnosis,treatment and so *** chemicals were used to control snail hosts. In clinical,schistosomiasis has acute and chronic stages,the manifestations are plenty and various,the liver, intestine,veins,spleen and skin etc are common sites of *** extensive educational program was carried out in the troops through different means,which yielded remarkable effect,the new incidence of schistosomiasis *** hospitalized soldiers were a few,but there were scare and some morale and psychological problems among them and the other affected victims,they worried about their prognoses or being infected. some patients were evacuated to United states for treatment after diagnosis,some patients were treated in *** World WarⅡ,schistosomiasis was treated generally with trivalent antimony compounds,Fuadin and tartar *** this event,no case died,relapses w

关键词： schistosomiasis epidemiology prevention treatment troop United states Leyte

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Glyphosate Resistance in Giant Ragweed (<i>Ambrosia trifida</i>L.) from Mississippi Is Partly Due to Reduced Translocation

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2104-2113页

作者： Vijay K. nandula Alice A. Wright Christopher R. Van Horn William T. Molin Phil Westra Krishna n. Reddy Crop Production systems Research Unit U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Stoneville MS USA Department of Bioagricultural sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA

A giant ragweed population from a glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean field in Mississippi, UsA was suspected to be resistant to glyphosate. Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to confirm and quantify the magnitude of glyphosate resistance in a resistant biotype selected from this population and to elucidate possible physiological and molecular mechanisms of glyphosate resistance. Glyphosate dose response studies indicated that ED50 (effective dose required to reduce plant growth by 50%) values for glyphosate-resistant (GR-Ms) and glyphosate-susceptible (Gs-Ms) biotypes, based on percent injury, were 0.52 and 0.34 kg ae/ha glyphosate, respectively, indicating a 1.5-fold level of resistance in GR-Ms. The absorption pattern of 14C-glyphosate in the two giant ragweed biotypes was similar throughout the measured time course of 168 h after treatment (HAT). The amount of 14C-glyphosate that translocated out of treated leaves of the GR-Ms and Gs-Ms plants was similar up to 24 HAT. However, the Gs-Ms biotype translocated more (71% and 76% of absorbed at 48 and 96 HAT, respectively) 14C-glyphosate than the GR-Ms biotype (44% and 66% of absorbed at 48 and 96 HAT, respectively) out of the treated leaf. no target site mutation was identified at the Pro106 location of the EPsPs gene of the GR-Ms biotype. The mechanism of resistance to glyphosate in giant ragweed from Mississippi, at least, is due to reduced glyphosate translocation.

关键词： Absorption EPsPs Giant Ragweed Glyphosate Herbicide Resistance Translocation

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An Evaluation of Manure Management strategies, Phosphorus surface Runoff Potential and Water Usage at an Arkansas Discovery Dairy Farm

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2023年第9期14卷 742-760页

作者： James M. Burke Mike B. Daniels Pearl Webb Andrew n. sharpley Timothy Glover Lawrence Berry Karl W. Van Devender stan Rose Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Little Rock AR USA United states Department of Agriculture-natural Resources Conservation service Fort Smith AR USA

Manure management is an essential component of dairy production. nutrient-laden, field-applied dairy manure often serves as a fertilizer source, but can also pose environmental threats if not properly managed. The Haak dairy farm, located in Decatur, Arkansas, was granted a permit by the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) to employ a unique method in treating and storing cattle manure generated during the milking process. This method includes minimizing water use in wash water, dry scraping solids to combine with sawdust for composting and pumping effluent underground into a sloped concrete basin that serves as secondary solid separator before transporting the manure effluent into an interception trench and an adjacent grassed field to facilitate manure nutrient uptake and retention. The Arkansas Discovery Farm program (ADF) is conducting research to evaluate the environmental performance of the dairy’s milk center wash water treatment system (MCWW) by statistical analysis, characterization of phosphorus (P) migration in soil downslope from the inception trench, temperature measurements, and nutrient analysis of a stored dry stack manure/sawdust mixture. Goals included determining possible composting effectiveness along with comparisons to untreated dairy manure and quantifying the use of on-farm water. Results from this research demonstrated that: 1) The MCWW was effective at retaining manure-derived nutrients and reducing field nutrient migration as the MCWW interception trench had significantly higher total nitrogen (Tn) (804.2 to 4.1), total phosphorus (TP) (135.6 to 1.5), and water extractable phosphorus (WEP) (55.0 to 1.0) concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg⋅Lsup>-1sup>) than the downhill freshwater pond respectively;2) temperature readings of the manure dry stack indicated heightened levels of microbial and thermal activity, but did not reach a standard composting temperature of 54°C;3) manure dry stack nutrient content was typicall

关键词： Manure Management soil Test Phosphorus surface Runoff Water Usage Manure Composting Environmental Hazards Arkansas Milk Center Wastewater Treatment system statistical Analysis

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产品设计中的材料语言

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现代装饰 2020年第1期 106-113页

作者： Chiho Cheon fort Makers shino Takeda Miniforms Paolo Cappello e-ggs skrivo bocci sawas Laz Gaspard Graulicn 刘印梅 Miniforms Lab

日本著名建筑师隈研吾非常关注设计中材料的运用,他曾说:"我一直在寻找21世纪建筑的基本驱动力,在19世纪是石头和木材,20世纪是混凝土,21世纪是什么呢?我认为是新材料,也可能是旧材料的新用法。"无论是建筑设设计还是工业产品设计,材料... 详细信息

日本著名建筑师隈研吾非常关注设计中材料的运用,他曾说:"我一直在寻找21世纪建筑的基本驱动力,在19世纪是石头和木材,20世纪是混凝土,21世纪是什么呢?我认为是新材料,也可能是旧材料的新用法。"无论是建筑设设计还是工业产品设计,材料都是设计师表达内容的载体。不同的材料,其形状、纹理、色泽等都蕴含着表达情感和思想的设计语言。

关键词：工业产品设计著名建筑师基本驱动力新用法 21世纪表达情感语言

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Transportation infrastructure settlement and heave distress:challenges and solutions

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第11期13卷 850-857页

作者： Anand J.PUPPALA Bhaskar C.s.CHITTOORI Department of Civil Engineering The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX 76019USA

Transportation agencies spend millions of dollars annually to repair civil transportation infrastructure including pavements,earth structures and approach slabs distressed by soft compressible soils and expansive *** research studies performed at the University of Texas at Arlington(UTA) focused on stabilizing these problematic soils so that they will provide better and more stable support to the transportation *** paper focuses on a summary of two major distresses and mechanisms,and remedial measures for addressing these distress problems.A combined lime-cement stabilization method is fully evaluated in providing better support of pavement infrastructure,and these results are described *** major transportation infrastructure problem involving bridge approach slabs requires different treatment methods,and these results are briefly *** a part of the recently completed research study assessments,both shallow and deep soil treatment methods for stabilizing soils are fully evaluated for their effectiveness in arresting the distress posed to the pavements and bridge approach *** results along with a few future research needs are presented in this paper.

关键词： Ground improvement Deep soil mixing settlements Heaving Instrumentation Inclinometers

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Current knowledge on diabetic retinopathy from human donor tissues

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第2期6卷 312-320页

作者： Jessica H Eisma Jennifer E Dulle Patrice E fort Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences Kellogg Eye CenterUniversity of Michigan

According to the American Diabetes Association,diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death,and diabetic retinopathy the leading cause of blindness in working age adults in the United states in *** is characterized by hyperglycemia associated with either hypoinsulinemia or insulin resistance,and over time,this chronic metabolic condition may lead to various complications including kidney failure,heart attacks,and retinal *** order to better understand the molecular basis of this disease and its complications,animal models have been the primary approach used to investigate the effects of diabetes on various tissues or cell types of the body,including the ***,inherent to these animal models are critical limitations that make the insight gained from these models challenging to apply to the human *** difficulties in translating the knowledge obtained from animal studies have led a growing number of research groups to explore the diabetes complications,especially diabetic retinopathy,on tissues from human *** review summarizes the data collected from diabetic patients at various stages of diabetic retinopathy and classifies the data based upon their relevance to the main aspects of diabetic retinopathy:retinal vasculature dysfunction,inflammation,and *** review discusses the importance of those studies to discriminate and establish the relevance of the findings obtained from animal models but also the limitations of such approaches.

关键词： Retina Diabetic retinopathy Human donor Physiopathology Vascular disease Inflammation neurodegeneration

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Trace analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in water using liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography--positive chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 477-481页

作者： Jian LU Paul s. WILLs P. CHRIs WILsOn Indian River Research and Education Center University of Florida/IFAS 2199 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945-3138 USA Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University 5600 U.S. 1 North Fort Pierce FL 34946 USA

A rapid, inexpensive and laboratory friendly method was developed for analysis of off-flavor/odor compounds in fresh and salt water using gas chromatography with chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Off-flavor/odor compounds, included geosmin, 2- methylisobomeol （MIB）, 2-isobutyl-3-methyoxypyrazine （IBMP）, and 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine （IPMP）. Using this method, a single sample can be extracted within minutes using only 1 mL of organic solvent. The ion transitions for IPMP, IBMP, MIB, and geosmin were 153 〉 121, 167 〉 125, 152 〉 95, and 165 〉 109, respectively. The linearity of this method for analyzing MIB ranged from 4 to 200ng·L^-1, and from 0.8 to 200ng·L^-1 for the other analytes. Method recoveries ranged from 97% to 111% and percent relative standard deviations ranged from 3% to 9%, indicating that the method is accurate, precise, and reliable.

关键词： off-flavor/odor compounds liquid-liquid microextraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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