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Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15163-15176页

作者： Rafael Tojo adolfo Suárez Marta G Clemente Clara G de los Reyes-Gavilán Abelardo Margolles Miguel Gueimonde Patricia Ruas-Madiedo Gastroenterology Department Hospital de Cabue?es Gastroenterology Department Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Respiratory Department Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC)

The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota can occur by changes in composition (dysbiosis), function, or microbiota-host interactions and they can be directly correlated with several diseases. The only disease in which a clear causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated is the case of Clostridium difficile infections. Nonetheless, alterations in composition and function of the microbiota have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or irritable bowel syndrome), as well as extra-intestinal pathologies, such as those affecting the liver, or the respiratory tract (e.g., allergy, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis), among others. Species of Bifidobacterium genus are the normal inhabitants of a healthy human gut and alterations in number and composition of their populations is one of the most frequent features present in these diseases. The use of probiotics, including bifidobacteria strains, in preventive medicine to maintain a healthy intestinal function is well documented. Probiotics are also proposed as therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal disorders and other pathologies. The World Gastroenterology Organization recently published potential clinical applications for several probiotic formulations, in which species of lactobacilli are predominant. This review is focused on probiotic preparations containing Bifidobacterium strains, alone or in combination with other bac

关键词： Intestinal microbiota Bifidobacterium Probiotics Dysbiosis Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome Colorectal cancer Liver disease Respiratory disease Functional foods

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Recent advances in bird sperm morphometric analysis and its role in male gamete characterization and reproduction technologies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 882-888页

作者： Julian Santiago-Moreno Milagros Cristina Esteso Silvia Villaverde-Morcillo adolfo Toledano-Diaz Cristina Castafio Rosario Velazquez Antonio Lopez-Sebastian Agustin Lopez Goya Javier Gimeno Martinez Department of Animal Reproduction INIA 28040 Madrid Spain Veterinary Clinical and Research Services Fieb Foundation 28760 Tres Cantos Madrid Spain FAUNIA 28032 Madrid Spain

Postcopulatory sexual selection through sperm competition may be an important evolutionary force affecting many reproductive traits, including sperm morphometrics. Environmental factors such as pollutants, pesticides, and climate change may affect different sperm traits, and thus reproduction, in sensitive bird species. Many sperm-handling processes used in assisted reproductive techniques may also affect the size of sperm cells. The accurately measured dimensions of sperm cell structures （especially the head） can thus be used as indicators of environmental influences, in improving our understanding of reproductive and evolutionary strategies, and for optimizing assisted reproductive techniques （e.g., sperm cryopreservation） for use with birds. Computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis （CASA-Morph） provides an accurate and reliable method for assessing sperm morphometry, reducing the problem of subjectivity associated with human visual assessment. Computerized systems have been standardized for use with semen from different mammalian species. Avian spermatozoa, however, are filiform, limiting their analysis with such systems, which were developed to examine the approximately spherical heads of mammalian sperm cells. To help overcome this, the standardization of staining techniques to be used in compute^-assessed light microscopical methods is a priority. The present review discusses these points and describes the sperm morphometric characteristics of several wild and domestic bird species.

关键词： avian computer-assisted assay morphometry spermatozoa

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汇率波动同美国分部门进口贸易流量之间关系研究

汇率波动同美国分部门进口贸易流量之间关系研究

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作者： GARCIA CORTES adolfo 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

本文研究汇率水平及汇率波动对美国分部门进口贸易流量的影响。本文选取2002年1月至2012年12月之间美国同加拿大、中国、德国、日本及墨西哥等国的相关数据来进行上述研究。本文主要采用协整方法及误差纠正模型来研究美国分部门进口贸... 详细信息

本文研究汇率水平及汇率波动对美国分部门进口贸易流量的影响。本文选取2002年1月至2012年12月之间美国同加拿大、中国、德国、日本及墨西哥等国的相关数据来进行上述研究。本文主要采用协整方法及误差纠正模型来研究美国分部门进口贸易流量与其影响因素之间的关系。在研究过程中所使用的汇率波动为动态标准偏差,且实证过程中所用汇率为实际汇率。本文研究结果表明,汇率波动仅对美国对中国的分部门进口贸易流量产生显著正向影响。

关键词：汇率波动美国协整方法

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Relieving a Tropical Vernacular Habitat Typology as a Source for Contemporary Social Housing Designs

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2018年第7期12卷 493-501页

作者： Marcelo adolfo Jiménez Leopoldo Eurico Goncalves Bastos PROARQ-FAU/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidad Católica de Alto Paraná Paraguay Mestrado em Arquitetura e Cidade Universidade Vila Velha ES Brazil

This work presents an analysis for the rural vernacular dwelling （Culata Yovai）, sited in the South America Guarani region, basin of Paraguay and Paraná rivers. Outdoor climate has conducted man to build along the time a habitat climatic responsive. Nowadays, studies in progress try to show how this vernacular typology can support new low-income house designs. The intent is to guarantee for new projects the socio-cultural image that people, coming from countryside to live in city outskirts, are accostumed. Also, to provide material improvements and functional adequation for a quality and healthiness. Natural ventilation is the main bioclimatic strategy during summer for thermal comfort, which influences the house characteristics. This is proven by calculation, and simulation with the CFX-ANSYS software. Thus, the analysis performed shows the real possibity to reconcile bioclimatism with the symbolic-cultural value represented by this vernacular architecture form. It is hopped that this study can be considered as a methodological contributition for new sustainable projects （materials, technics and services） of low-incoming houses in this Latin American region.

关键词： Bioclimatic design sustainable architecture vernacular habitat social housing natural ventilation.

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection training with pig models in a Western country

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第23期16卷 2895-2900页

作者： adolfo Parra-Blanco María Rosa Arnau David Nicolás-Pérez Antonio Z Gimeno-García Nicolás González Juan A Díaz-Acosta Alejandro Jiménez Enrique Quintero Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of the Canary Islands Ofra s/n Endoscopy Unit Department of GastroenterologyAsturias Central University HospitalCelestino Villamil s/n Research Animal Laboratory Ofra s/nLa Laguna University Department of Gastroenterology Montevideo Clinic HospitalAvda Italia s/n Research Unit University Hospital of the Canary IslandsOfra s/n

AIM:To test a strategy for endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) training in animal models designed to overcome the initial learning ***:ESD was attempted in ex vivo and in vivo pig *** ESD procedures were attempted in the esophagus(n=9) or the stomach(n=21).The ex vivo model was used until initial competence was *** the in vivo model,several ESD procedures were performed in up to 3 *** following variables were analyzed:specimen size,complete and en bloc resection rate,time for circumferential incision,time for submucosal dissection,total ESD duration,and ***:Complete resection was achieved in 28 cases(en bloc 27);2 could not be completed(one perforation,one technical diff iculty).The mean ± SD time for circumferential incision was 36.2±16.8 min(range:8-87 min),and the mean±SD time for submucosal dissection was 45.1±35.7 min(range:9-196 min).The mean±SD size of the resected specimens was 45.2±17.8 *** mean±SD total resection time was signif icantly increased for the gastric cases performed in the f irst half of the study(n=13) than in the second half(n=8)(98.9±62.4 min vs 61.7±17.6 min,P=0.04),although the specimen size did not ***:Training in animal models could help endoscopists overcome the learning curve before starting ESD in humans.

关键词： Endoscopic submucosal dissection Training Animal model

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Priorities and needs for research on urban interventions targeting vector-borne diseases: rapid review of scoping and systematic reviews

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 962-967页

作者： Clara Bermudez-Tamayo Olive Mukamana Mabel Carabali Lyda Osorio Florence Fournet Kounbobr Roch Dabiré Celina Turchi Marteli adolfo Contreras Valéry Ridde Andalusian School of Public Health Campus de la Cartuja s/nGranada 18010Spain CIBERESP–Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública Av.Monforte de Lemos3-5.Pabellón 11.Planta 0Madrid 28029Spain CHU Sainte-Justine 3175Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-CatherineH3T 1C4 MontrealQCCanada McGill University 845 Sherbrooke Street WestH3A 0G4 MontrealQCCanada Universidad del Valle(UDV) Cl.13#100-00CaliValle del CaucaColombia IRD Research Unit:MIVEGEC(Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs:écologiegénétiqueévolution et contrôle)911avenue AgropolisMontpellierFrance IRSS Bobo-Dioulasso399Avenue de la LibertéDirection Régionale de l’OuestBobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhâes–Fiocruz/Pernambuco Av.Professor Moraes Regos/nCampus da UFPECidade UniversitáriaCEP:50.740-465 RecifePEBrazil University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute(IRSPUM) 7101Avenue du Parc.Montreal H3N1X9QuebecCanada Department of Social and Preventive Medicine School of Public HealthUniversity of Montreal7101Avenue du Parc.Montreal H3N1X9QuebecCanada

This paper highlights the critical importance of evidence on vector-borne diseases(VBD)prevention and control interventions in urban settings when assessing current and future needs,with a view to setting policy priorities that promote inclusive and equitable urban health *** should produce knowledge about policies and interventions that are intended to control and prevent VBDs at the population level and to reduce *** interventions include policy,program,and resource distribution approaches that address the social determinants of health and exert influence at organizational and system levels.

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Urban health Intervention

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Validation of Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy with high definition endoscopes in colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5266-5273页

作者： adolfo Parra-Blanco Alejandro Jiménez Bjrn Rembacken Nicolás González David Nicolás-Pérez Antonio Z Gimeno-García Marta Carrillo-Palau Takahisa Matsuda Enrique Quintero Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of the Canary Islandsc/Ofra s/nLa Laguna 38320TenerifeSpain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Central de AsturiasCelestino Villamil s/n33006 OviedoPrincipado de AsturiasSpain Research Unit University Hospital of the Canary Islandsc/Ofra s/nLa Laguna 38320TenerifeSpain Centre for Digestive Diseases The General Infirmary at LeedsGreat George StLeedsLS1 3EXUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de Clínicas de MontevideoAvda.Italia s/nMontevideo 11600Uruguay Division of Endoscopy National Cancer Center Hospital5-1-1 TsukijiChuo-kuTokyo 104-0045Japan

AIM:To validate high definition endoscopes with Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy(FICE) in ***:The image quality of normal white light endoscopy(WLE),that of the 10 available FICE filters and that of a gold standard(0.2% indigo carmine dye) were ***:FICE-filter 4 [red,green,and blue(RGB) wavelengths of 520,500,and 405 nm,respectively] provided the best images for evaluating the vascular pattern compared to white *** mucosal surface was best assessed using filter ***,the views obtained were not rated significantly better than those observed with white *** "gold standard",indigo carmine(IC) dye,was found to be superior to both white light and filter *** 6(RGB wavelengths of 580,520,and 460 nm,respectively) allowed for exploration of the IC-stained *** assessing mucosal polyps,both FICE with magnification,and magnification following dye spraying were superior to the same techniques without magnification and to white light *** the presence of suboptimal bowel preparation,observation with the FICE mode was possible,and endoscopists considered it to be superior to observation with white ***:FICE-filter 4 with magnification improves the image quality of the colonic vascular patterns obtained with WLE.

关键词： Colonoscopy Computed virtual chromoendoscopy Fujinon intelligent chromoendoscopy Magnifying colonoscopy Polyp diagnosis

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非裔厄瓜多尔文学中的黑人性——对阿达贝托·奥尔蒂斯小说《朱云戈》的批判性跨文化分析

非裔厄瓜多尔文学中的黑人性——对阿达贝托·奥尔蒂斯小说《朱云...

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作者： Licoa Campos adolfo Fabricio 上海外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

阿达伯托·奥尔蒂斯是厄瓜多尔最伟大的作家之一,他的作品也是拉丁美洲非裔西班牙文学的杰出代表。作为黑白混血儿,他在两种文化和身份之间成长,切身体会了种族主义和阶级歧视。在写作中,他重现了厄瓜多尔的黑人性及其演变,特别是他的... 详细信息

阿达伯托·奥尔蒂斯是厄瓜多尔最伟大的作家之一,他的作品也是拉丁美洲非裔西班牙文学的杰出代表。作为黑白混血儿,他在两种文化和身份之间成长,切身体会了种族主义和阶级歧视。在写作中,他重现了厄瓜多尔的黑人性及其演变,特别是他的小说《朱云戈》。该小说获得了1942年厄瓜多尔“国家最佳小说奖”,讲述了大约三十年来非裔厄瓜多尔人的生活以及其与不同种族的关系。本文运用跨文化交际批评理论,分析了小说《朱云戈》中的权力关系如何影响跨文化交流以及非裔厄瓜多尔黑人性的建构、觉醒和解读。基于此,本文提出厄瓜多尔黑人性是一个长期的文化适应、转型和丰富的过程,是跨文化接触受到权力的种族、政治和社会结构影响的结果。本文还认为,权力差异导致了从属关系、种族歧视和社会不公,厄瓜多尔黑人性是对此的一种抵制。该论文得出的结论是,厄瓜多尔黑人性是一种极为复杂的文化建构,它来自受权力结构影响的跨文化人际交往中,原始非洲文化被修改的过程。最后本论文认为,非裔厄瓜多尔人通过保护非洲遗产,珍重并维护了他们的黑人性。

关键词：厄瓜多尔文学中的黑人性流散非州性阿达伯托·奥尔蒂斯《朱云戈》跨文化交际批评

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In vitro Mutagenesis for the Improvement of Agave Genus

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第7期92卷 2065-2078页

作者： Sugey Vásquez-Hernández Joaquín adolfo Montes-Molina Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli Sheila Jazmín Reyes-Zambrano Carlos Alberto Lecona-Guzmán Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal TecNM-Campus Tuxtla GutiérrezTuxtla Gutiérrez29050Mexico

Biotechnological techniques provide a viable alternative to help improve and increase the production of plant species of agricultural and economic importance,which have been affected over the years by climate change,increasing their susceptibility to pests and/or diseases,generating losses in production as well as a decrease in their regenerative and genetic *** application of biotechnological techniques such as in vitro mutagenesis offers a viable option for the generation of crops that are resistant to the different factors caused by abiotic and biotic *** vitro mutagenesis has been used in an efficient way to generate genetic changes in different plant ***,these methods have not been studied thoroughly in crops of agro-industrial interest,such as agave,which represents an economic resource of national importance and are considered as endemic species of ***,this literary review aimed to focus on the studies that have been used for the genetic improvement of this species via mutagenesis techniques in plants in the agave ***,the objective was to set a precedent for future genetic studies that aim to obtain more productive regenerants for various industries,such as food and *** is also of great interest to compile information from basic research that helps understand and elucidate a model of possible defense mechanisms that are activated in the Agave genus.

关键词： Biotechnology genetic variations stress mutations resistance

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Coherent ONU based on 850 μm-long cavity-RSOA for next-generation ultra-dense access network

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第5期14卷 19-23页

作者： Guang Yong Chu adolfo Lerín Iván N.Cano Victor Polo Josep Prat Department of Signal Theory and Communications Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya

In this Letter, an efficient bidirectional differential phase-shift keying （DPSK）--DPSK transmission for a ultra- dense wavelength division-multiplexed passive optical network is proposed. A single distributed feedback laser at the optical network unit （ONU） is used both as the local laser for downlink coherent detection and the optical carrier for uplink. Phase-shift keying is generated using a low-cost reflective semiconductor optical amplifier （RSOA） at the ONU. The RSOA chip has the bandwidth of 4.7 GHz at the maximum input power and bias current. For uplink transmission, the sensitivity of the RSOA chip reaches -48.2 dBm at the level of bit error rate = 10^-3 for back-to-back, and the penalty for 50 km transmission is less than 1 dB when using polarization diversity.

关键词： ONU RSOA Coherent ONU based on 850 m-long cavity-RSOA for next-generation ultra-dense access network

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