检索结果-南通市图书馆

Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15163-15176页

作者： Rafael Tojo adolfo Suárez Marta G Clemente Clara G de los Reyes-Gavilán Abelardo Margolles Miguel Gueimonde Patricia Ruas-Madiedo Gastroenterology Department Hospital de Cabue?es Gastroenterology Department Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Respiratory Department Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC)

The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota can occur by changes in composition (dysbiosis), function, or microbiota-host interactions and they can be directly correlated with several diseases. The only disease in which a clear causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated is the case of Clostridium difficile infections. Nonetheless, alterations in composition and function of the microbiota have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or irritable bowel syndrome), as well as extra-intestinal pathologies, such as those affecting the liver, or the respiratory tract (e.g., allergy, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis), among others. Species of Bifidobacterium genus are the normal inhabitants of a healthy human gut and alterations in number and composition of their populations is one of the most frequent features present in these diseases. The use of probiotics, including bifidobacteria strains, in preventive medicine to maintain a healthy intestinal function is well documented. Probiotics are also proposed as therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal disorders and other pathologies. The World Gastroenterology Organization recently published potential clinical applications for several probiotic formulations, in which species of lactobacilli are predominant. This review is focused on probiotic preparations containing Bifidobacterium strains, alone or in combination with other bac

关键词： Intestinal microbiota Bifidobacterium Probiotics Dysbiosis Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome Colorectal cancer Liver disease Respiratory disease Functional foods

Recent advances in bird sperm morphometric analysis and its role in male gamete characterization and reproduction technologies

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 882-888页

作者： Julian Santiago-Moreno Milagros Cristina Esteso Silvia Villaverde-Morcillo adolfo Toledano-Diaz Cristina Castafio Rosario Velazquez Antonio Lopez-Sebastian Agustin Lopez Goya Javier Gimeno Martinez Department of Animal Reproduction INIA 28040 Madrid Spain Veterinary Clinical and Research Services Fieb Foundation 28760 Tres Cantos Madrid Spain FAUNIA 28032 Madrid Spain

Postcopulatory sexual selection through sperm competition may be an important evolutionary force affecting many reproductive traits, including sperm morphometrics. Environmental factors such as pollutants, pesticides, and climate change may affect different sperm traits, and thus reproduction, in sensitive bird species. Many sperm-handling processes used in assisted reproductive techniques may also affect the size of sperm cells. The accurately measured dimensions of sperm cell structures （especially the head） can thus be used as indicators of environmental influences, in improving our understanding of reproductive and evolutionary strategies, and for optimizing assisted reproductive techniques （e.g., sperm cryopreservation） for use with birds. Computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis （CASA-Morph） provides an accurate and reliable method for assessing sperm morphometry, reducing the problem of subjectivity associated with human visual assessment. Computerized systems have been standardized for use with semen from different mammalian species. Avian spermatozoa, however, are filiform, limiting their analysis with such systems, which were developed to examine the approximately spherical heads of mammalian sperm cells. To help overcome this, the standardization of staining techniques to be used in compute^-assessed light microscopical methods is a priority. The present review discusses these points and describes the sperm morphometric characteristics of several wild and domestic bird species.

关键词： avian computer-assisted assay morphometry spermatozoa

Achieving the best bowel preparation for colonoscopy

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第47期20卷 17709-17726页

作者： adolfo Parra-Blanco Alex Ruiz Manuel Alvarez-Lobos Ana Amorós Juan Cristóbal Gana Patricio Ibáez Akiko Ono Takahiro Fujii Department of Gastroenterology Escuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 833-0024Chile Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario de la Candelaria38916 Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit Division of PediatricsEscuela de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 833-0024Chile Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca30001 MurciaSpain TF Clinic Tokyo 197-0804Japan

Bowel preparation is a core issue in colonoscopy,as it is closely related to the quality of the *** often find that bowel preparation is the most unpleasant part of the *** is widely accepted that the quality of cleansing must be excellent to facilitate detecting neoplastic *** spite of its importance and potential implications,until recently,bowel preparation has not been the subject of much *** most commonly used agents are high-volume polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte solution and sodium *** has been some confusion,even in published meta-analyses,regarding which of the two agents provides better *** is clear now that both PEG and sodium phosphate are effectivewhen administered with proper ***,the timing of administration is recognized as one of the central factors to the quality of *** bowel preparation agent should be administered,at least in part,a few hours in advance of the *** low volume agents are available,and either new or modified schedules with PEG that usually improve *** adjuvants can also be used to reduce the volume of PEG,or to improve the efficacy of other *** factors apart from the choice of agent can improve the quality of bowel *** instance,the effect of diet before colonoscopy has not been completely clarified,but an exclusively liquid diet is probably not required,and a low-fiber diet may be preferable because it improves patient satisfaction and the quality of the *** patients,such as diabetics and persons with heart or kidney disease,require modified procedures and certain *** preparation for pediatric patients is also reviewed *** such cases,PEG remains the most commonly used *** detecting neoplasia is not the main objective with these patients,less intensive preparation may *** considerations must be made for patients with inflammatory bowel disease,including

关键词： Colonoscopy Optimal preparation Polyethylene glycol Sodium phosphate Special patients Timing

Cardiovascular disease research in Latin America:A comparative bibliometric analysis

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Cardiology 2011年第12期3卷 383-387页

作者： Eiman Jahangir Daniel Comandé adolfo Rubinstein Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Van-derbilt University Medical Center

AIM:To investigate the number of publications in cardiovascular disease(CVD)in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last ***:We performed a bibliometric analysis in PubMed from 2001 to 2010 for Latin America and the Caribbean,the United States,Canada,Europe,China,and ***:Latin America published 4%of articles compared with 26%from the United States/Canada and 42%from *** CVD,Latin America published 4% of articles vs 23%from the United States/Canada and 40%from *** number of publications in CVD in Latin America increased from 41 in 2001 to 726 in ***:Latin America,while publishing more articles than previously,lags behind developed *** advances in research infrastructure are necessary to develop prevention strategies for this region.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular risk Epidemiology Latin America Research Bibliometric analysis

Relieving a Tropical Vernacular Habitat Typology as a Source for Contemporary Social Housing Designs

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2018年第7期12卷 493-501页

作者： Marcelo adolfo Jiménez Leopoldo Eurico Goncalves Bastos PROARQ-FAU/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universitária 21941-901 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidad Católica de Alto Paraná Paraguay Mestrado em Arquitetura e Cidade Universidade Vila Velha ES Brazil

This work presents an analysis for the rural vernacular dwelling （Culata Yovai）, sited in the South America Guarani region, basin of Paraguay and Paraná rivers. Outdoor climate has conducted man to build along the time a habitat climatic responsive. Nowadays, studies in progress try to show how this vernacular typology can support new low-income house designs. The intent is to guarantee for new projects the socio-cultural image that people, coming from countryside to live in city outskirts, are accostumed. Also, to provide material improvements and functional adequation for a quality and healthiness. Natural ventilation is the main bioclimatic strategy during summer for thermal comfort, which influences the house characteristics. This is proven by calculation, and simulation with the CFX-ANSYS software. Thus, the analysis performed shows the real possibity to reconcile bioclimatism with the symbolic-cultural value represented by this vernacular architecture form. It is hopped that this study can be considered as a methodological contributition for new sustainable projects （materials, technics and services） of low-incoming houses in this Latin American region.

关键词： Bioclimatic design sustainable architecture vernacular habitat social housing natural ventilation.

Characterization of Polyurethane Nanocomposites for Flame Retardant Applications

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 60-73页

作者： Mena María Eugenia Torres Luis adolfo Estrada Rodolfo Department of Physics and Mathematics University Iberoamericana Mexico CityProlongación Paseo de Reforma#880Lomas de Santa FeMexico City01219México Desarrollos y Acabados en Poliuretano S.A.de C.V. León37545México Department of Engineering University Iberoamericana Leon37238México

In recent years,polymer nanocomposites have attracted extensive attention in materials science because they often exhibit a field of different properties from those of their counterpart polymer micro-composites whose matrices contain the same inorganic *** novel polyurethane nanocomposite to reduce toxic gases was designed to improve the possibility to resolve several industrial and environmental problems after combustion as intoxication by *** to this,stoichiometry of rigid polyurethane foam was based on nonmetallic nanoparticles for fireproof *** the other hand,we realized synthesis and characterization for the novel polymer,Fourier Transform Infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy and X-ray scattering were applied to collect information on the nanometer-scale physical structure of the polyurethane ***,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to understand the internal nanostructure before and after combustion,as well as the gas chromatography coupled system with thermal desorption analysis(GC/MSD),to identify the chemical compositions and compounds resulted by the combustion gases generated of the polyurethane nanocomposites foams that can produce *** addition,the mechanical and flammability properties of rigid polyurethane were evaluated according to international standard test methods of burning of polymer for example using test ASTM *** to this,polymer nanocomposites for flammability,not only improves the fireproof properties,but can also improve others properties as can be mechanical and thermal stability providing it the potential to bring true applications to materials to take advantage of the synergies in the polymer *** on this evidence,nanopolyurethane could be a new and functional polymer for construction,automotive,or textile industries.

关键词： Nanocomposite polyurethane flame retardant(FR) nanocharacterization industrial applications

Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection:From animal model to patient

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第45期19卷 8326-8334页

作者： Nicolás González adolfo Parra-Blanco Miguel Villa-Gómez Alejandra Gamba Andrés Taullard Anaulina Silveira Alberto Sanguinetti Carolina Olano Henry Cohen Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineHospital de Clínicas Montevideo 11600 Uruguay Department of Gastroenterology Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago 6510260 Chile Department of Quantitative Methods Hospital de Clínicas Montevideo 11600 Uruguay

AIM:To assess whether the use of porcine models is useful for learning endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),thus contributing to its subsequent application in human ***:This study/learning process was carried out in 3 phases:PhaseⅠ:Ex vivo animal;PhaseⅡ:In vivo animal;PhaseⅢ:*** endoscopist performed 30 gastric ESDs in porcine models,and later 5gastric ESDs in 5 *** ESD was done following the method practiced at the National Cancer Center in Tokyo,*** aspects,size,time and speed of ESD,as well as complications were *** patients,their clinical,endoscopic and histologic evolution was additionally ***:Thirty en bloc ESDs were carried out in animal *** mean±SD size of the pieces was of28.4±1.2 mm,and the time of ESD was 41.7±*** time of ESD in the first 15 procedures was 43.0±3.0 min whereas in the next 15 procedures,the time was 40.3±3.9 min,P=*** speed in the first 15ESDs was 1.25±0.11 cm2/min vs 2.12±0.36 cm2/min in the remaining 15,P=*** were no *** patients,5 lesions were resected en *** size of the pieces was 25.2±5.1 mm and the time was85.0±25.6 *** and histological controls did not show evidence of residual neoplastic ***:A sequential ESD training program of a unique endoscopist,based on the practice in porcine models,contributed to learning ESD for its subsequent application in humans,yielding good results in efficacy and safety.

关键词： Endoscopic submucosal dissection Porcine models Animal models Training

非裔厄瓜多尔文学中的黑人性——对阿达贝托·奥尔蒂斯小说《朱云戈》的批判性跨文化分析

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

非裔厄瓜多尔文学中的黑人性——对阿达贝托·奥尔蒂斯小说《朱云...

作者： Licoa Campos adolfo Fabricio 上海外国语大学

学位级别：硕士

阿达伯托·奥尔蒂斯是厄瓜多尔最伟大的作家之一,他的作品也是拉丁美洲非裔西班牙文学的杰出代表。作为黑白混血儿,他在两种文化和身份之间成长,切身体会了种族主义和阶级歧视。在写作中,他重现了厄瓜多尔的黑人性及其演变,特别是他的... 详细信息

阿达伯托·奥尔蒂斯是厄瓜多尔最伟大的作家之一,他的作品也是拉丁美洲非裔西班牙文学的杰出代表。作为黑白混血儿,他在两种文化和身份之间成长,切身体会了种族主义和阶级歧视。在写作中,他重现了厄瓜多尔的黑人性及其演变,特别是他的小说《朱云戈》。该小说获得了1942年厄瓜多尔“国家最佳小说奖”,讲述了大约三十年来非裔厄瓜多尔人的生活以及其与不同种族的关系。本文运用跨文化交际批评理论,分析了小说《朱云戈》中的权力关系如何影响跨文化交流以及非裔厄瓜多尔黑人性的建构、觉醒和解读。基于此,本文提出厄瓜多尔黑人性是一个长期的文化适应、转型和丰富的过程,是跨文化接触受到权力的种族、政治和社会结构影响的结果。本文还认为,权力差异导致了从属关系、种族歧视和社会不公,厄瓜多尔黑人性是对此的一种抵制。该论文得出的结论是,厄瓜多尔黑人性是一种极为复杂的文化建构,它来自受权力结构影响的跨文化人际交往中,原始非洲文化被修改的过程。最后本论文认为,非裔厄瓜多尔人通过保护非洲遗产,珍重并维护了他们的黑人性。

关键词：厄瓜多尔文学中的黑人性流散非州性阿达伯托·奥尔蒂斯《朱云戈》跨文化交际批评

Priorities and needs for research on urban interventions targeting vector-borne diseases: rapid review of scoping and systematic reviews

同方学位论文库评论

在线全文

同方学位论文库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 962-967页

作者： Clara Bermudez-Tamayo Olive Mukamana Mabel Carabali Lyda Osorio Florence Fournet Kounbobr Roch Dabiré Celina Turchi Marteli adolfo Contreras Valéry Ridde Andalusian School of Public Health Campus de la Cartuja s/nGranada 18010Spain CIBERESP–Ciber de Epidemiología y Salud Pública Av.Monforte de Lemos3-5.Pabellón 11.Planta 0Madrid 28029Spain CHU Sainte-Justine 3175Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-CatherineH3T 1C4 MontrealQCCanada McGill University 845 Sherbrooke Street WestH3A 0G4 MontrealQCCanada Universidad del Valle(UDV) Cl.13#100-00CaliValle del CaucaColombia IRD Research Unit:MIVEGEC(Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs:écologiegénétiqueévolution et contrôle)911avenue AgropolisMontpellierFrance IRSS Bobo-Dioulasso399Avenue de la LibertéDirection Régionale de l’OuestBobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhâes–Fiocruz/Pernambuco Av.Professor Moraes Regos/nCampus da UFPECidade UniversitáriaCEP:50.740-465 RecifePEBrazil University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute(IRSPUM) 7101Avenue du Parc.Montreal H3N1X9QuebecCanada Department of Social and Preventive Medicine School of Public HealthUniversity of Montreal7101Avenue du Parc.Montreal H3N1X9QuebecCanada

This paper highlights the critical importance of evidence on vector-borne diseases(VBD)prevention and control interventions in urban settings when assessing current and future needs,with a view to setting policy priorities that promote inclusive and equitable urban health *** should produce knowledge about policies and interventions that are intended to control and prevent VBDs at the population level and to reduce *** interventions include policy,program,and resource distribution approaches that address the social determinants of health and exert influence at organizational and system levels.

关键词： Vector-borne diseases Urban health Intervention