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Exposure to cuticular bacteria can alter host behavior in a funnel-weaving spider

Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 721-726页

作者： Olivia B.PARKS Krishna S.KOTHAMASU Michael J.ZIEMBA Morgan BENNER Madison CRISTINZIANO Serena KANTZ Daniel LEGER John LI Devanshi PATEL William RABUSE Samantha SUTTON Amandi WILSON Priyanka BAIREDDY aditi a.kamat Mariah J.CALLAS Matthew J.BORGES Marysa N.SCALIA Emily KLENK Gabrielle SCHERER Maria M.MARTINEZ Sarah R.GRUBS Nancy KAUFMANN Jonathan N.PRUITT Carl N.KEISER Department of Biological Sciences University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA Department of Ecology Evolutionand Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Rice University Academy of Fellows Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Department of BioSciences Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

Contact with environmental microbes are arguably the most common species interaction in which any animal *** have noted diverse relationships between hosts and resident microbes,which can have strong consequences for host development,physiology,and behavior. Many of these studies focus specifically on pathogens or beneficial microbes,while the benign microbes,of which the majority of bacteria could be described,are often ***,we explore the nature of the relationships between the grass spider Agelenopsis pennsylvanica and bacteria collected from their cuticles in ***,using culture-based methods,we identified a portion of the cuticular bacterial communities that are naturally associated with these ***,we topically exposed spiders to a subset of these bacterial monocultures to estimate how bacterial exposure may alter 3 host behavioral traits:boldness,aggressiveness,and activity *** conducted these behavioral assays 3 times before and 3 times after topical application,and compared the changes observed in each trait with spiders that were exposed to a sterile control *** identified 9 species of bacteria from the cuticles of 36 spiders and exposed groups of 20 spiders to 1 of 4 species of cuticular *** found that exposure to Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus was associated with a lO-fold decrease in the foraging aggressiveness of spiders toward prey in their *** bacterial exposure did not have survival consequences for hosts,these data suggest that interactions with cuticular bacteria,even non- pathogenic bacteria,could alter host behavior.

关键词： Agelenopsis pennsylvanica aggressiveness Araneae cuticular bacteria personality

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Effect of Substrate and Annealing Temperatures on Mechanical Properties of Ti-rich NiTi Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第11期26卷 961-966页

作者： A.Kumar S.K.Sharma S.Bysakh S.V.kamat S.Mohan Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Department of Instrumentation Indian Institute of Science Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute

The effect of substrate and annealing temperatures on mechanical properties of Ti-rich NiTi films deposited on Si （100） substrates by DC magnetron sputtering was studied by *** films were deposited at two substrate temperatures viz.300 and 400 ℃.NiTi films deposited at 300 ℃ were annealed for 4 h at four different temperatures,i.e.300,400,500 and 600 C whereas films deposited at 400 ℃ were annealed for 4 h at three different temperatures,i.e.400,500 and 600 ℃.The elastic modulus and hardness of the films were found to be the same in the as-deposited as well as annealed conditions for both substrate *** a given substrate temperature,the hardness and elastic modulus were found to remain unchanged as long as the films were ***,both elastic modulus and hardness showed an increase with increasing annealing temperature as the films become *** results were explained on the basis of the change in microstructure of the film with change in annealing temperature.

关键词： NiTi thin film Annealing Nanoindentation

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A high methionine,low folate and vitamin B_6/B_(12) containing diet can be associated with memory loss by epigenetic silencing of netrin-1

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1247-1254页

作者： Anuradha Kalani Pankaj Chaturvedi Komal Kalani Pradip K.kamat Poonam Chaturvedi Neetu Tyagi Department of Physiology School of MedicineUniversity of Louisville Medicinal Chemistry Department CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Pharmacology Department and Toxicology Higuchi Biosciences CenterUniversity of Kansas Department of Neurology Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences

Memory-epigenetics which is the loss of memory due to epigenetic modifications can be due to the silencing of genes involved in cognitive functions and this is the basis of the current *** hypothesize that a diet containing high methionine and low vitamins can lead to memory impairment by increasing global DNA methylation and therefore,silencing the netrin-1 gene,which encodes the glycoprotein involved in neurogenesis,axonal guidance and maintenance of the synaptic *** type(C57 BL/6 J) mice were fed with a diet containing excess methionine(1.2%),low-folate(0.08 mg/kg),vitamin B_6(0.01 mg/kg),and B_(12)(10.4 mg/kg) for 6 *** were examined weekly for the long-term memory function,using a passive avoidance test,which determined loss of fear-motivated long-term memory starting from the fourth week of ***,an increase in brain %5-methyl cytosine was observed starting from the 4 th week of diet in *** fed with a high methionine,low folate and vitamins containing diet showed a decrease in netrin-1 protein expression and an increase in netrin-1 gene promotor methylation,as determined by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-polymerase chain reaction *** increase in methylation of netrin-1 gene was validated by high-resolution melting and sequencing ***,the association of netrin-1 with memory was established by administering netrin that considerably restored long-term fear motivated *** together,these results suggest that a diet rich in methionine and lacking in folate and vitamin B_6/B_(12) can induce defects in learning and ***,the data indicates that decrease in netrin-1 expression due to hyper-methylation of its gene can be associated with memory *** animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee,University of Louisville,USA(No.A3586-01) on February 2,2018.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease epigenetics memory methionine 5-methylcytosine methylation netrin-1

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Hole Trapping in Halide Perovskites Induces Phase Segregation

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第7期3卷 761-771页

作者： Jeffrey T.DuBose Prashant V.kamat Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556United States Radiation Laboratory Department of Chemistry and Biochemistryand Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556United States

CONSPECTUS:Metal halide perovskites have garnered a great deal of attention for their applications in photovoltaics,LEDs,and radiation *** ease of solution processing high-quality perovskite semiconductors with large absorption coefficients and tolerance to native defects is decidedly ***,the ability to precisely tune the band gap of halide perovskites through compositional alloying of the halide ion is of particular interest for a range of applications,especially for tandem solar cells.

关键词： alloying perovskite attractive

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Streptozotocin induced Alzheimer's disease like changes and the underlying neural degeneration and regeneration mechanism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1050-1052页

作者： Pradip Kumar kamat Department of Anasthesiology Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease College of MedicineUniversity of Florida

Alzheimer’s disease（AD）is a neurodegenerative disorder which is remarkably characterized by pathological hallmarks that include neurofibrillary tangles,neuronal loss extracellular senile plaques containing aggregated amyloid beta（Aβ）,and neurofibrillary tangles composed of the hyperphosphorylated form of the microtubule protein *** is the most common form of dementia which is characterized by severe neurodegenerative changes such as loss of neurons and synapses in brain（kamat et al.,2014）.

关键词： STZ Streptozotocin induced Alzheimer’s disease like changes and the underlying neural degeneration and regeneration mechanism AD

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A simplified model for understanding the performance of two-pot enclosed mud cookstoves

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Clean Energy 2019年第4期3卷 288-306页

作者： Ayush Parajuli Saurabh Agrawal Janak Kumar Tharu Anil Kumar kamat Ajay Kumar Jha Hari Bahadur Darlami Department of Mechanical Engineering Pulchowk CampusTribhuvan UniversityLalitpurNepal

The objective of this study is to develop a mathematical model for a two-pot enclosed mud cookstove.A new model has been developed combining transient heat transfer,combustion chemistry and fluid *** model can be used for variation of the operation and design *** model predicts performance parameters such as efficiency,boiling time,excess air ratio(EAR),transient wall,flame and char *** an input power of 5.1 kW,the estimated overall efficiency,EAR and boiling time were 17.1%,1.97 and 43 minutes,*** model outcome is compared with experimental ***,10 parameters are varied and their impact on cookstove performance is *** optimum dimension for the door opening,combustion-chamber height and wall thickness are ***,this study can serve as an effective tool for cookstove design.

关键词： improved cookstove modelling MATLAB transient heat transfer wood

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Okadaic acid: a tool to study regulatory mechanisms for neurodegeneration and regeneration in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 365-367页

作者： Pradip Kumar kamat Chandishwar Nath Division of Physiology and Biophysics University of LouisvilleSchool of Medicine Division of Pharmacology Central Drug Research Institute(CDRI)

Okadaic acid： Okadaic acid （OKA）, a polyether （C38 fatty acid） toxin, is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein phosphatase, PP1 and protein phosphatase 2A （PP2A）. It is mainly extracted from a black sponge Hallichondria okadaii and has been suggested to play a potent probe for studying the various molecular, cellular, biochemical and mechanism of neurotoxicity. It is known as a selective and potent in- hibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2A induces hyperphosphorylation of tau in vitro and in vivo. It has been reported that Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） is a complex multi- factorial neurodegenerative disorder and hyperphosphor- ylated tau protein is a major pathological hallmark of AD. The reduced activity of phosphatases like, PP2A has been implicated in the brain of AD patients. OKA also induced inhibition of protein phosphatases cause neurofibrillary tangles （NFTs） like pathological changes and tau hyperphos- phorylation seen in AD pathology. Our and others reports inferred that OKA induces neurodegeneration along with tau hyperphosphorylation, GSK3β activation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity which are char- acteristic of AD pathology （Figure 1）.

关键词： a tool to study regulatory mechanisms for neurodegeneration and regeneration in Alzheimer’s disease Okadaic acid AD

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Teneligliptin: Heralding Change in Type 2 Diabetes

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2016年第2期6卷 113-131页

作者： Manish Maladkar Srividya Sankar Kushal kamat Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai India

“Sweet is Sweet but until it is not too Sweet”. As the sweet spoon of diabetes challenges the global population, diabetic organizations across the globe call for unanimous resonance of Diabetes Voice to tackle diabetes with healthy living. With the discovery of new pathophysiology associated with diabetes, patients are gaining access to the newer therapeutic classes. Teneligliptin, a third generation DPP-4 inhibitor exhibits unique “J-shaped” structure with “anchor-lock domain” mechanism which provides potent & long duration of action. It acts like an insulin/glucagon modulator controlling blood glucose over 24 hours. It is effective in tackling short-term glycemic fluctuations and improvement in β-cell parameters is observed soon after treatment. Half-life of 26.9 hours ensures once a day administration. Because the metabolites of this drug are eliminated via renal and hepatic excretion, no dose adjustment is necessary in patients with renal impairment. Improvement in lipid profile, LV function, adiponectin levels & natriuretic effect is among the added pleiotropic benefits. With the effective glycemic control & capability for improvement in β-cell function, Teneligliptin promises to be a preferable antidiabetic agent with long-term efficacy & safety in patients with type 2 diabetes. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive datum analysis of Teneligliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes. It summarizes the unique pharmacodynamic & pharmacokinetic advantages of Teneligliptin and additionally its pleiotropic benefits of cardioprotection. It provides a comprehensive comparison of Teneligliptin vis-à-vis other gliptins in the class & provides a concise summary of all clinical trials till the date with Teneligliptin monotherapy & combination with other antidiabetic drugs.

关键词： Teneligliptin DPP-4 Inhibitors GLP-1 β-Cell Preservation Pleiotropic Benefits Gliptins

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Vitamin D Efficiency in Pregnancy: An Updated Viewpoint in Indian Scenario

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015年第3期6卷 204-216页

作者： Manish Maladkar Srividya Sankar Kushal kamat Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai India

A decade ago identified as bone-building mineral improving calcium absorption, today new re-search opens potentials of Vitamin D in spectrum of diseases from diabetes, hypertension to cancer including special population like pregnancy & lactation. As calcium demands increase during pregnancy, Vitamin D status becomes crucial for optimal maternal & fetal outcomes. Adverse health outcomes such as preeclampsia, low birth weight, neonatal hypocalcemia, bone fragility & increased incidence of autoimmune diseases have been linked to low Vitamin D levels during pregnancy & infancy. Vitamin D deficiency is common during pregnancy & lactation despite widespread use of prenatal vitamins, because these are inadequate to maintain normal Vitamin D levels. The current IOM (US) as well as ICMR (India) recommendations for Vitamin D supplementation is not sufficient to maintain the optimal levels of serum 25(OH) D above 30 ng/ml required during pregnancy. It may therefore be judicious to include screening of all pregnant women for Vitamin D levels as a part of routine antenatal care and supplementation should be considered if deficiency persists. Till date interventional trials in special population suggest that administration of Vitamin D during pregnancy & lactation is safe & beneficial for optimal maternal & fetal outcomes. When Vitamin D deficiency is identified during pregnancy, most experts agree that up to 2000 IU/day of Vitamin D is safe. This review elaborates Vitamin D deficiency in Indian scenario and the need for Vitamin D supplementation, expounds and exercises the facts for implementation of Vitamin D supplementation to be advised when planning for pregnancy, current recommendations and implications of Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and lactation.

关键词： Vitamin D Vitamin D Deficiency Indian Pregnancy Lactation

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Nanostructure Architectures for Light Energy Conversion

Nanostructure Architectures for Light Energy Conversion

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中国化学会第二十五届学术年会

作者： Prashant V. kamat Radiation Laboratory Department of Chemistry ＆ Biochemistry and Department of Chemical ＆ Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556-0579

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