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Classification and Management of Mandibular Condyle Fractures in a Tertiary Health Center

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Surgical Science 2013年第8期4卷 339-344页

作者： babatunde O. Akinbami Oladimeji A. Akadiri Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dental Center University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Background: Condyle fractures are not common but could lead to detrimental effects of growth disturbance of the mandible, ankylosis of temporomandibular joint and facial asymmetry especially in children, if not promptly and adequately managed, the aim of this study was to document our experience in the management of mandibular condyle fractures. Method: The fractures were classified based on the age of the patient, unilateral/bilateral, location on the condyle, presence of displacement and dislocation, for those displaced, whether there was medial or lateral overlap, and features presented. Treatment done for each patient was documented. Both clinical and radiological assessments were done to ascertain the outcome of treatment. Result: 11 patients presented with 14 condyle fractures, 3 patients with bilateral and 8 with unilateral condyle fractures out of which 5 cases were on the right side. Age range of patients was between 13 and 44 years with a mean (SD) of 25.3 (10.7) years. Nine (81.8%) of the patients were males and 2 (18.2%) were females. Eight (72.7%) of the patients with condyle fracture had associated fractures affecting other sites of the mandible while 3 (27.3%) patients had isolated condyle fractures. Intracapusular fractures recorded were 2 (14.2%), while extracapsular accounted for 12 (85.8%) cases. Conservative treatment was not applied in any patient, 9 (81.8%) patients had IMF and 2 (18.2%) patients had ORIF. Conclusion: Most fractures of the condyle were extracapsular and, closed surgical treatment (IMF) was very useful to manage most of the cases.

关键词： Classification Management Condyle Fractures

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression Prevalence amongst Nigerian Students Pursuing Higher Education

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第11期12卷 589-598页

作者： Sunny Cui babatunde Ajayi Esther Kim Remare Egonu Department of Biological Science Dartmouth College Hanover USA College of Medicine Lagos State University Lagos Nigeria Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders currently going undiagnosed in many developing countries, including Nigeria. Stigmatization, inadequate financial resources, poor healthcare infrastructure for accurate diagnosis, and low research attention are contributing factors to the prevalence of depression among youths in West Africa. This study estimated the prevalence of depression among higher education students in Nigeria. Data was extracted and examined from 1225 publications by three independent reviewers. To minimize bias, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality guidelines was used to assess the data. Pooling of logit-transformed data was done using a generalized linear mixed-effects model, while restricted maximum likelihood was used to estimate between-study variance (τ2). Knapp-Hartung adjustments were included for calculating the confidence intervals around pooled effects, and R was used to calculate pooled estimates of depression prevalence. The risk factors of depression were examined by subgroup analyses and random-effect meta-regression models. Egger’s regression was used to check for publication bias in small-sampled studies with high prevalence estimates. Mean age of students across the 18 studies ranged from 19.09 to 26.3 years, with sample sizes ranging from 81 to 1482 participants. The pooled depression prevalence across studies was 26% (95% CI 0.18, 0.36) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 97%, τ2 = 0.9512). The subgroup analyses showed that higher education students in the Northwestern region of Nigeria have the highest depression prevalence (45.9%), followed by the South-South region (33%), Southeastern (22.1%), and Southwestern region (18.1%). Our findings show that depression among higher education students in Nigeria is highly prevalent. A significant proportion of higher education students in Nigeria are depressed. The factors contributing to the high depression prevalence, particularl

关键词： Depression Public Mental Health Prevalence Global Health Meta-Analysis

Genome-wide detection of selective signatures in a Jinhua pig population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1314-1322页

作者： XU Zhong SUN Hao ZHANG Zhe Zhao Qing-bo babatunde Shittu Olasege Li Qiu-meng Yue Yang Ma Pei-pei Zhang Xiang-zhe Wang Qi-shan Pan Yu-chun Department of Animal Science School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240P.R.China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Bio-technology Shanghai 200240P.R.China

The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig *** results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some lights on groups of genes that control production *** the present study,we performed extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH)tests to identify significant core regions in 202 Jinhua pigs.A total of 26161 core regions spanning 636.42 Mb were identified,which occupied approximately 28%of the genome across all autosomes,and 1158 significant(P<0.01)core haplotypes were *** in these regions were related to several economically important traits,including meat quality,reproduction,immune responses and exterior traits.A panel of genes including ssc-mir-365-2,KDM8,RABEP2,GSG1L,RHEB,RPH3AL and a signal pathway of PI3K-Akt were detected with the most extreme *** findings in our study could draw a comparatively genome-wide map of selection signature in the pig genome,and also help to detect functional candidate genes under positive selection for further genetic and breeding research in Jinhua and other pigs.

关键词： pig genome selection signatures extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH) candidate genes

Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Food Crops at Abandoned Lead-Zinc Mining Site at Tse-Faga, Logo, Lga, Benue State, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第9期12卷 624-638页

作者： Paul N. Samuel Bolaji B. babatunde World Bank Africa Center of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR) University of Port Harcourt Choba Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria Animal and Environmental Biology Department University of Port Harcourt Choba Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria

Hundreds of children died in 2010 due to suspected lead poisoning from mining sources in Zamfara State among epidemiological concerns. Evaluating ecological and human health risks of heavy metals levels in sampled food crops harvested near two abandoned Lead-Zinc mining sites at Logo Benue State is crucial. Abelmoschus esculentus, Carica papaya, Manihot esculenta, and Zea mays were sampled, prepared, and analyzed for four heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method. The mean data from the analysis of variance was subjected to ecological and health risk models. Pb means value ranged from Carica papaya Peel 0.46 ± 0.011 mg/kg to 1.30 ± 0.01 mg/kg in Zea mays seed. Zn was highest in Carica papaya flesh 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/kg, and lowest in Manihot esculenta peels and its flesh 0.12 ± 0.000 mg/kg. Hg and Cd were below detectable levels. Zea mays seeds (1.001) had the highest Pd bioaccumulation factor. BAF of zinc and ecological indices were Manihot esculenta flesh 1.143 and Zea mays at 1714. Cancer Risks were within permissible range (10-4 - 10-6). Health Risk result indicates communities around the mining area may be at risk of lead poisoning therefore due to high contamination of samples, routine checks on heavy metals especially lead is recommended to prevent excessive bioaccumulation in the body.

关键词： Mining Food Crops Heavy Metals Ecological Risk Health Risks Lead Poisoning

Soil Salinity Detection in Semi-Arid Region Using Spectral Unmixing, Remote Sensing and Ground Truth Measurements

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2020年第4期12卷 372-386页

作者： Moncef Bouaziz Sarra Hihi Mahmoud Yassine Chtourou babatunde Osunmadewa University of Sfax National Engineering School of Sfax 3E Laboratory Sfax Tunisia Faculty of Environmental Sciences Institute of Remote Sensing TU-Dresden Helmholtzstr Dresden Germany

Soil salinity is one of the serious environmental problems ravaging the soils of arid and semi-arid region, thereby affecting crop productivity, livestock, increase level of poverty and land degradation. Hyperspectral remote sensing is one of the important techniques to monitor, analyze and estimate the extent and severity of soil salt at regional to local scale. In this study we develop a model for the detection of salt-affected soils in arid and semi-arid regions and in our case it’s Ghannouch, Gabes. We used fourteen spectral indices and six spectral bands extracted from the Hyperion data. Linear Spectral Unmixing technique (LSU) was used in this study to improve the correlation between electrical conductivity and spectral indices and then improve the prediction of soil salinity as well as the reliability of the model. To build the model a multiple linear regression analysis was applied using the best correlated indices. The standard error of the estimate is about 1.57 mS/cm. The results of this study show that hyperion data is accurate and suitable for differentiating between categories of salt affected soils. The generated model can be used for management strategies in the future.

关键词： Hyperion Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) Spectral Indices Ground-Truth Soil Salinity Gabes

Attrition from care after the critical phase of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: Insights from an intervention with magnesium sulphate in a primary care setting in northern Nigeria

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Health 2013年第9期5卷 1461-1466页

作者： Salisu Ishaku babatunde Ahonsi Jamilu Tukur Oginni Ayodeji Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Bayero University Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano Nigeria Population Council Abuja Nigeria

Background: Evidence has shown that Magnesium Sulphate (MgSo4) is the gold standard for treating severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (SPE/E), and calls for its widespread use at all levels of health service delivery, including the primary care level. Objective: To determine if administering loading dose of MgSo4 on pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia at primary care level would improve maternal and fetal outcomes. Method: Two sets of Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities were identified;one served as experimental one and the other as control. The community health extension workers (CHEWs) and the community health officers (CHOs) at the experimental PHCs were trained to administer the loading dose of MgSo4 for patients with SPE/E, in addition to other supportive treatments, before making a referral while the control PHCs did not give MgSo4, and neither administered diazepam as an alternative or no anti-convulsant at all, before making a referral to higher centers. Patients from the experimental and control facilities were prospectively monitored for fetal and maternal outcomes, namely maternal and fetal deaths, and for toxic effects of MgSo4 in the experimental arm. Results: Of the 150 patients recruited, 82 (55%) were in the experimental group and 68 (45%) were in the control group. 90% of the patients in the experimental group defaulted after receiving the loading dose of MgSo4 while the remaining 10% completed the referral process. 44% of those in the control group completed the referral process. There were 3 maternal and 3 perinatal deaths, all in the control group. No adverse outcome (maternal or fetal death) or toxic effect was recorded among the recipients of MgSo4. Conclusion: This study suggests that lower-cadre health care professionals at PHCs can administer the loading dose of MgSo4 to SPE/E patients to improve maternal and fetal survival in critical states, without significant risk of adverse effects. However, the lack of compliance with

关键词： Magnesium Sulphate Pre-Eclampsia Eclampsia Primary Care Facilities Attrition Nigeria

Local Climate Forcing and Eco-Climatic Complexes in the Wooded Savannah of Western Nigeria

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Natural Resources 2011年第3期2卷 155-166页

作者： Mayowa Fasona Mark Tadross babatunde Abiodun Ademola Omojola 不详

Many climate impact applications are sensitive to local differentials in the climate system. This study investigates how eco-geographic factors influence the local climate and propagate eco-climatic complexes that vary spatio-temporally. Local geography data including elevation, slope, aspect, rainfall, temperature, vegetation, population density, and soil potential for agriculture were integrated and analyzed using geographic information system and principal component analysis. The result was profiled for local climate drivers and associated spatial structures in present and future climate (2046-2065) scenarios. The results suggest a local climate system driven by the coupling between terrain, rainfall and temperature in all seasons. In the present climate, this coupling creates eco-climatic complexes that extend from the southeast to northwest corridor in all seasons except June-July-August (JJA) when it is shifted to the northeast axis. This pattern is projected to continue in the future climate scenario, but its spatial influence and intensity would weaken around the northwest axis and rainfall will become less significant in the system in JJA. The clustering of rural settlements these complexes suggests the climate-positives produced by the system significantly support rural livelihoods. Thus, these eco-climatic complexes represent climate sensitive natural resource systems that should be targeted as a fulcrum for climate change mitigation and adaptation in the wooded savannah.

关键词： Climate Change Geographic Factors Eco-Climatic Complex GIS PCA Adaptation Savannah Nigeria

Drug use, consequences and perceived accessibility in three Nigerian universities

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第1期4卷 60-67页

作者： Peter Olutunde Onifade Edward babatunde Somoye Oladotun Olorunfemi Ogunwobi babatunde Fadipe Ayodele Lucy Fela-Thomas Mojisola Anifat Adeniji Department of Medicine Bowen University Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso Nigeria Department of Psychiatry Lagos University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Drug Addiction Treatment Education and Research Unit Neuropsychiatric Hospital Abeokuta Nigeria Neuropsychiatric Hospital Abeokuta Nigeria

Background: Use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances constitutes major public health concern, especially among adolescents and young adults. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and perceived accessibility of psychoactive substances. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in three Nigerian universities with the use of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) student model questionnaire. Results: Five hundred and forty-nine students participated. Majority of them were females, 289 (55.2%);Christians, 382 (73.0%);of Yoruba ethnic group, 375 (79.6%), and single, 512 (94.8%). Their mean age was 20.11 years (sd = 2.36). Stimulants other than the Amphetamine-types had the highest lifetime prevalence rate (53.4%), followed by Alcohol (35.8%), tranquilizers (12%), opiates other than Heroin (11.9%) and cigarettes (11.3%). Among the illicit drugs, marijuana had the highest prevalence (7.2%). Lifetime prevalence rates of cocaine and heroin use were both 2.1%. The average age at first use of any of the substances was between 10 and 17 years. The commonest consequences of alcohol use were engaged in sex regretted the next day (2.5%) and engaged in sex without using condom (2.1%);while the commonest consequences of drug use were damages to objects or clothing (1.1%), problems in relationship with parents (1.0%) and friends (1.0%). Stimulants other than amphetamine-types, solvents, opiates other than heroin, tranquilizers and cannabis were perceived as easy to get by 57.3%, 38.7%, 32.8%, 29.4% and 22.7% of the respondents respectively. For all the substances except Amphetamine-type stimulants, ecstasy and crack, lifetime drug use was significantly associated with perceived easy accessibility to the respective substances. Conclusions and Recommendations: Drug use among the students was associated with relationship problems and unsafe sex. It is also associated with perceived accessibility of the drugs. Attention needs to be focused on sa

关键词： Psychoactive Substance Availability University Students Nigeria

Can Africa achieve herd immunity?

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 26-31页

作者： Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III Isaac Olushola Ogunkola Ekpereonne babatunde Esu Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi Xu Lin Hao Li Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines Open UniversityLos BañosLagunaPhilippines Department of Public Health University of CalabarCalabarNigeria Faculty of Pharmacy University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina Global Health Institute Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina

The World Health Organization described herd immunity,also known as population immunity,as the indirect fortification from an infectious disease that happens when a population is immune either through vaccination or immunity developed through previous exposure to *** emergence of COVID-19 vaccine is a step towards the achievement of herd *** one billion people across the globe have been vaccinated and Africa recorded only 2%.The objective of this article was to develop a forecast of the number of people to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity in the 13 WHO-identified priority African countries for *** immunity is achieved when one infected person in a population causes less than one secondary case on average,corresponding to the effective basic reproduction number(R_(0)).Vaccine delivery and distribution infrastructure including the cold chain remains *** hesitancy is also one of the limiting factors that may hinder herd immunity in *** order to achieve herd immunity globally,African countries should not be excluded in fair and equal distribution of *** stakeholders should foster commitment as well as community sensitization on COVID-19 vaccines and integration of COVID-19 vaccines in existing healthcare services.

关键词： Africa COVID-19 Herd immunity Vaccine