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Characterization of mycobacterium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute,Addis Ababa Ethiopia:a cross sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第1期8卷 35-40页

作者： Biniam Mathewos Nigatu Kebede Tesfu Kassa adane mihret Muluwork Getahun Department of Immunology and Molecular biology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Gondar Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa University Armaour Hanson Research Institute Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute

Objective:To characterize mycobaclerium isolates from pulmomary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute,for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis from January 4 to February 22.2010 with total samples of ***:Sputum specimens were collected and processed:the deposits were *** culturing Lowenstein Jensen medium(LJ) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube(BACTEC MGIT 960) were *** Neo was used for detecting NTM isolates from isolates of BACTEC *** Armauer Hansen Research Institute,Addis Ababa Ethiopia,Deletion typing PCR method for species identification(from confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC) isolates by Capilia Neo) uas ***:Out of 263 enrolled in the study.124 and 117 ol them were positive for mycobaeterium growth by BACTEC MGIT 960 and 1.1 culture method,*** BACTEC MGIT 960 positive media of 124 isolates.117 were randomly taken to perform Capilia TB Neo *** these 7(6%) of them were found to be NTM and 110(94%) were *** these 110 MTBC isolates,81 of them were randomly taken and run by the deletion typing RD9 PCR method of molecular *** of these 78(96.3%) were found to be species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 3(3.7%) were found to be not in the *** the types of methods of culture *** Growth Indicator Tube(BACTEC MGIT 960) method was found to have excellent agreement(with kappa value ol 0.78) with the routine method of ***:Pulmonary tuberculosis suspected cases visiting the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at EHNR1 that were confirmed to be pulmonary tuberculosis are caused by the species of Mycobacterium *** treatment regimen including pyrazinamide can be applied to the patients as the first choice in the study area in Addis *** is indication of the presence of NTM in patients visiting the tuberculosis ref

关键词： NTM Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex Mycobacteria growth indicator tube Lowenstein Jensen media

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Changes and drivers of afro-alpine forest ecosystem: future trajectories and management strategies in Bale eco-region, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 436-448页

作者： adane Mezgebu Getachew Workineh Hawassa University HawassaEthiopia Debre Tabor University Debre TaborEthiopia

Introduction:Ecosystem change and respective conservation needs were at top priority areas in the globe especially at biodiversity hotspot zones and places of endemism like Bale *** this aspect,this study had tried to assess historical landscape changes of afro-alpine forest ecosystem with its respective driving forces and effectiveness of different institutional arrangements to protect this ***:The study utilized satellite imagery from Landsat series starting from 1986 to 2016,ground truth data from GPS-based field survey,focus group discussions,and reconnaissance field *** landscape maps were prepared with a mix of supervised and unsupervised image classification *** landscape change simulation was undertaken by using cellular automata modeling on Dynamic Environment for Geoprocessing Objects(Dinamica EGO)*** areal change and transition of landscape elements,level of ecosystem fragmentation was assessed with FRAGSTAT ***:Results have shown that there is encroachment of human-induced land use patterns especially agriculture and grazing while closed canopy forest and woodland ecosystems have decreased in their *** outputs for the coming three decades have also shown similar patterns with historical *** changes in areal extent,landscape matrix analysis results indicated that there is increasing class and landscape level fragmentation both in its historical and future probable *** of different management strategies at different institutional arrangement were differ in their effectiveness that federal and regional government were not able to curve landscape ***:In conclusion,increasing population pressure and weak policy implementation and legal enforcement has caused threats for alpine forest ecosystem in Bale *** participatory forest management,management strategies at different institutional arrangements were failed to

关键词： Afro-alpine ecosystem Bale eco-region Fragmentation FRAGSTAT Landscape change Management strategies Remote sensing Simulation

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Analysis of a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of human melioidosis

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2020年第7期13卷 109-131页

作者： Yibeltal adane Terefe Semu Mitiku Kassa Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Limpopo South Africa Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences Botswana International University of Science and Technology Botswana

A deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of melioidosis disease in human population is designed and *** model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation,where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium when the basic reproduction number R_(0) is less than *** is further shown that the backward bifurcation dynamics is caused by the reinfection of individuals who recovered from the disease and *** existence of backward bifurcation implies that bringing down R_(0) to less than unity is not enough for disease *** the absence of backward bifurcation,the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium is shown whenever R_(0)1,the existence of at least one locally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium is *** analysis of the model,using the parameters relevant to the transmission dynamics of the melioidosis disease,is *** experiments are presented to support the theoretical analysis of the *** the numerical experimentations,it has been observed that screening and treating individuals in the exposed class has a significant impact on the disease dynamics.

关键词： Melioidosis bifurcation reinfection reproduction number stability sensitivity analysis

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Floristic diversity and regeneration status of woody plants in Zengena Forest, a remnant montane forest patch in northwestern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 329-336页

作者： Desalegn Tadele Ermias Lulekal Destaw Damtie adane Assefa Bahir Dar University College of ScienceDepartment of Biology Ghent University Department of Plant Production

The study was conducted at Zengena forest, a fragmented remnant montane forest in northwestern Ethiopia, which surrounds Lake Zengena. The purpose was to assess the species composition, diversity and the regeneration status of woody plants. A total of 27 plots of 20 m - 20 m were sampled along the line transects laid down the altitudinal gradient from the edge of the forest encompassing the lake to the edge of the lake in eight aspects. In each plot, woody species were counted and the diameter at breast height and the height of trees and shrubs were measured. A total of 50 woody species belonging to 31 families were found, of which 17 （34%） were trees, 7 （14%） trees or shrubs, 23 （46%） shrubs and 3 （6%） lianas. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices of woody species were 2.74 and 0.7, respectively. Clausena anisata had the highest relative density （23.5%）, Rapanea rhododendroides the highest relative frequency （6.5%） and Prunus afri- cana the highest relative dominance （45%） and importance value index （IVI, 51.6）. The total basal area and density of woody plants were 22.3 ***-1 and 2,202 ***1, respectively. The population structure showed variations among woody plants and revealed varied regeneration patterns of different species. The importance value index and population structure revealed that some species are threatened and need prioritization for conservation measures. The results suggest that remnant forest patches in the highlands of northern Ethiopia host several woody plant species that are almost disappearing in other areas due to deforestation.

关键词： conservation density dominance frequency IVI LakeZengena population structure

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ML and DL-based Phishing Website Detection:The Effects of Varied Size Datasets and Informative Feature Selection Techniques

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Technology 2024年第1期4卷 18-30页

作者： Kibreab adane Berhanu Beyene Mohammed Abebe Faculty of Computing&Software Engineering Arba Minch UniversityEthiopia Ethiopian Cybersecurity Association Addis AbabaEthiopia

Onemust interact with a specific webpage or website in order to use the Internet for communication,teamwork,and other productive ***,because phishing websites look benign and not all website visitors have the same knowledge and skills to inspect the trustworthiness of visited websites,they are tricked into disclosing sensitive information and making them vulnerable to malicious software attacks like *** is impossible to stop attackers fromcreating phishingwebsites,which is one of the core challenges in combating ***,this threat can be alleviated by detecting a specific website as phishing and alerting online users to take the necessary precautions before handing over sensitive *** this study,five machine learning(ML)and DL algorithms—cat-boost(CATB),gradient boost(GB),random forest(RF),multilayer perceptron(MLP),and deep neural network(DNN)—were tested with three different reputable datasets and two useful feature selection techniques,to assess the scalability and consistency of each classifier’s performance on varied dataset *** experimental findings reveal that the CATB classifier achieved the best accuracy across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 97.9%,95.73%,and 98.83%.The GB classifier achieved the second-best accuracy across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 97.16%,95.18%,and 98.58%.MLP achieved the best computational time across all datasets(DS-1,DS-2,and DS-3)with respective values of 2,7,and 3 seconds despite scoring the lowest accuracy across all datasets.

关键词： ANOVA-F-test deep learning feature selection technique machine learning mutual information phishing website datasets phishing website detection

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Prevalence and determinants of active trachoma among preschool-aged children in Dembia District,Northwest Ethiopia

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1136-1142页

作者： Ayanaw Tsega Ferede Abel Fekadu Dadi Amare Tariku Akilew Awoke adane Department of Optometry School of MedicineCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia Department of Human Nutrition Institute of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of GondarGondarEthiopia

Background:Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis,which is the leading infectious cause of blindness *** areas where trachoma is endemic,active trachoma is common among preschool-aged children,with varying *** study aimed to estimate the prevalence of active trachoma and associated risk factors among preschool-aged children in Dembia District,northwest ***:A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among preschool-aged children of northwest *** systematic random sampling was used to select 695 *** clinical optometrists subjected each child to an ocular examination and assessed the presence of active *** to face interview using pretested and structured questionnaire were conducted to collect data on possible risk *** cases were graded following a World Health Organization simplified grading *** statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version *** odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were used to identify factors associated with active ***:Of the 681 preschool-aged children studied,18%(95%CI:15.4%-21.1%)had a prevalence of active *** who had clean faces(absence of nasal and ocular discharges)had a lower chance of having active trachoma[aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.37-0.82].The odds of having active trachoma decreased with an increase in the distance to a water point[aOR=0.51,95%CI:0.33-0.78].Similarly,no or poor utilization of liquid waste disposal in the child’s household was associated with an increased chance of having active trachoma[aOR=3.83,95%CI:1.26-11.61].Conclusion:The prevalence of active trachoma in these preschool-aged children was found to be high and needs special interventions that focus on educating families about proper face washing,liquid waste disposal,and improving safe water supply near the households.

关键词： Active trachoma Cross-sectional study Preschool-aged children northwest Ethiopia

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Opportunities for New Biorefinery Products from Ethiopian Ginning Industry By-products:Current Status and Prospects

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第3期6卷 195-214页

作者： Amare Abuhay Wassie Mengie Tamrat Tesfaye Gemeda Gebino Million Ayele adane Haile Derseh Yillie Birorefinery Research Centre Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion TechnologyBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia

The global demand for textile products is rapidly increasing due to population growth,rising living standards,economic development,and fast fashion *** growth and transformation plan(GTP)gives high priorities for the textile and apparel sectors to transform its agriculturally led economy to an industrial-based *** achieve this,the number of tex-tile and apparel industries is rapidly ***,the rapid growth in textile industry is generating mountains and mountains of *** this review,possible applications of cotton stalk and cotton ginning waste in a variety of technologies and products are discussed in Ethiopian *** finding of this study shows that Ethiopian current cotton cultivating area is about 80000 hm^(2),even though the country has a potential of about 3000810 hm^(2) land for cotton *** the current cultivated area,more than 240000 t of cotton stalk and 9240 t of cotton ginning trash have been generated as a *** only a very little portion of the cotton stalk is being used as a raw fuel for household purposes and a small portion of cotton ginning trash is used for animal ***,these underutilized lignocellulosic biomasses can be used as raw materials for producing different high-value biomaterials and thus country can perceive an economic and environmental benefit.A closer look at the structure and composition of the by-products shows that the whole part of cotton stalk and ginning waste can be used as a source of cellulose which can be exploited for conversion into a number of high-value ***,conversion of the waste into valuable products can make cotton stalk and ginning by-products an attractive raw material for the production of high value bio-products.

关键词： Cotton stalk Cotton ginning waste Biobased materials Biorefinery Waste utilization

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Cloud Services Quality Enhancement through Control &Monitoring of Service Level Agreements at Server and Consumer Side

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2020年第8期8卷 78-90页

作者： Abel adane Faculty of Computing and Software Engineering Institute of Technology Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia

Several researches and case studies have been revealing a repetitive issue and that is monopolization of controlling, measuring, and metering of the consumer’s billing for the consumed Cloud Services. The Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) have been hiding, or monopolizing the controlling, metering tools and ignoring the calculation and consideration of the service defects like downtime, service outage, poor performance and client service migration delays during overloads of the servers. The main issues behind these discrepancies are the Service Level Agreement (SLA), its violation, and the monopolized Cloud Governance. Till now there is a lack of parallel monitoring and metering system of the consumed cloud services at the customer level under the provisions of SLAs. The Cloud Governance Tier has not given any flexibility or utility to monitor such consumed cloud services at the client tier in parallel to the CSP tier. This research is an effort to develop a SLA controlling/monitoring framework to solve the identified problems other than the CSP level. Further the E_Draw max was used for designing the framework. The framework consists of the components like;SLA_CSP, SLA_CSC, SLA_M&C and Cloud Services and Delivery Models. After designing the framework, a prototype was developed using CloudSim on java net beans, and MySQL database. This prototype was implemented using four scenarios to evaluate its performance and the functionalities. 1) Checking the SLA under CSP whether the resources to the consumer in the same manner with promised. 2) To check if the request from cloud consumer is less than what is expected in SLA. 3) To check by increasing the request of cloud consumer more than what is expected in SLA and 4) Using the SLA_M&C mechanism. After execution it was observed that, in the first and the second cases there is no violation, but there is violation in the third and fourth cases. This implied that there are chances of the discrepancies in resources provided to m

关键词： Cloud Computing Service Consumer Cloud Service Provider SLA SLA_CSC SLA_CSP SLA_M&C

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Design of a Microcontroller-Based Data Acquisition System for Ground Weather Observations: Evaluation of Radio Refractivity of Air

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2014年第9期7卷 355-364页

作者： Amar adane Ania Ali Yahia Essaid Mameri Abd-El-Hamid adane Laboratory of Image Processing and Radiation U.S.T.H.B. Algiers Algeria

A meteorological data acquisition system is built using a PIC16F877A microcontroller and electric output-based sensors. This system is programmed in C language using the PCWH compiler. It is smart, accurate, cheap, small, light and easily movable. It is designed to automatically get instantaneous measurements of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity. Depending on their utilisation, these measurements are collected with repetition rate tuneable from one minute to one hour. They are displayed on LCD screen and transferred to a personal computer where they are stored and processed. As an application, such data are recorded in situ and used to estimate the radio refractivity of air near the ground in real time. This parameter is necessary to account for the propagation of radiofrequency waves through the lower atmosphere, during wireless transmissions.

关键词： Microcontroller Sensors C Programming Meteorology Radio Refractivity

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小微金融机构解决贫困问题的表现与挑战实证研究

小微金融机构解决贫困问题的表现与挑战实证研究

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作者： FITSUM adane 渤海大学

学位级别：硕士

本文试图调查埃塞俄比亚城市地区小额信贷部门所面临的挑战,特别是在社会绩效管理方面。研究人员调查了小额信贷机构在创造更多就业机会和帮助穷人脱贫方面所扮演的角色,并考察了人们对融资渠道的首选关系。在具体的研究中,研究人员使用... 详细信息

本文试图调查埃塞俄比亚城市地区小额信贷部门所面临的挑战,特别是在社会绩效管理方面。研究人员调查了小额信贷机构在创造更多就业机会和帮助穷人脱贫方面所扮演的角色,并考察了人们对融资渠道的首选关系。在具体的研究中,研究人员使用SPTF标准框架来评估小额信贷公司阿迪斯（ADSCI）的社会绩效,并使用了定性和定量统计工具以及描述性和推断性统计方法对数据进行分析。研究发现,自主创业所产生的收入有助于减轻家庭户主和教育背景低的个人的城市贫困程度。毫无疑问,提高教育水平不仅是消除贫困的主要因素,也是提高生活水平的主要途径。但在所有研究部门中,能够获得金融信贷从而从事自主创业活动的人在减轻自己的贫困方面都表现出了较强的比较优势。本研究同时调查了因变量绩效和关键成功因素之间的相关性,除了满足客户偏好的产品、服务、交付渠道的设计,对待客户的责任感、透明度、对待客户的公平和尊重度、投诉机制的完善性、对客户数据隐私、客户需求和偏好的保护度都与阿迪斯小额信贷公司的社会绩效密切相关。

关键词：小微金融机构消除贫困挑战

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