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金属氧化物与现代微电子学——过渡金属前体化合物及转化为材料的化学过程（英文）

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无机化学学报 2017年第11期33卷 1947-1958页

作者： Tabitha M.cook adam C.Lamb 薛子陵田纳西大学化学系、美国诺克斯维尔市田纳西州137996

金属氧化物薄膜如HfO_2(被称为高k电介质)是现代微电子器件的关键组件,广泛用于计算机(平板电脑,笔记本电脑和台式机)、智能电话、智能电视、汽车和医疗设备中。具有大介电常数(k)的金属氧化物已经取代了介电常数小的SiO_2(k=3.9),从而... 详细信息

金属氧化物薄膜如HfO_2(被称为高k电介质)是现代微电子器件的关键组件,广泛用于计算机(平板电脑,笔记本电脑和台式机)、智能电话、智能电视、汽车和医疗设备中。具有大介电常数(k)的金属氧化物已经取代了介电常数小的SiO_2(k=3.9),从而使得微电子元件进一步小型化。过渡金属化合物在化学气相沉积(CVD)和原子层沉积(ALD)中被广泛用作前体,通过与O2、H_2O或O_3的反应生成金属氧化物薄膜。微电子金属氧化物膜是纳米材料最广泛应用的一个领域。本文概观该领域的最新进展,包括我们对d0过渡金属配合物与O_2反应的研究。

关键词：金属氧化物栅极电介质材料薄膜微电子学化学气相沉积原子层沉积

Effect of oxygen and nitrogen functionalization on the physical and electronic structure of graphene

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2620-2635页

作者： Alexander J. Marsden Peter Brommer James J. Mudd M. adam Dyson Robert cook Maria Asensio Jose Avila Ana Levy Jeremy Sloan David Quigley Gavin R. Bell Neil R. Wilson Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry UK Centre for Scientific Computing University of Warwick Coventry UK Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin-BP 48 91192 Gifsur Yvette Cedex France

Covalent functionalization of graphene offers opportunities for tailoring its properties and is an unavoidable consequence of some graphene synthesis techniques. However, the changes induced by the functionalization are not well understood. By using atomic sources to control the extent of the oxygen and nitrogen functionalization, we studied the evolution in the structure and properties at the atomic scale. Atomic oxygen reversibly introduces epoxide groups whilst, under similar conditions, atomic nitrogen irreversibly creates diverse functionalities including substitutional, pyridinic, and pyrrolic nitrogen. Atomic oxygen leaves the Fermi energy at the Dirac point （i.e., undoped）, whilst atomic nitrogen results in a net n-doping; however, the experimental results are consistent with the dominant electronic effect for both being a transition from delocalized to localized states, and hence the loss of the signature electronic structure of graphene.

关键词： graphene functionalization chemical vapor deposition density functional theory

A Cosmic Dimension： C. S. Lewis＇s Engagement with the Politics of Power and the Challenge of Jesus

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2015年第9期5卷 480-486页

作者： Brenda adam James cook University

This paper focuses on some literary expressions of the role of faith in our engagement with things political from the pen of C. S. Lewis, whose writings are distinguished by a combination of intellectual force and imaginative flair. In an increasingly secular climate, he sought to bring God back into the equation, and it is not surprising to find some current issues addressed within his imaginative representations of a vibrant spiritual reality. His ideas and ideology are inextricably linked to his Christian faith. Several critical essays reflect his interest in both theology and political issues including： the ethical use of technology, civil liberties, ecology, pacifism, and animal rights. This material forms the layers of his science-fiction trilogy which includes themes of spiritual warfare, factions, faith, and a fairy tale ending. His theology was not confined to the disciplines of a particular school of thought and his approach to things political follows no party line. His critical essays and stories are concerned with the practicalities of life, but are never reduced to a merely social gospel; they always have a cosmic dimension.

关键词： faith politics power Christianity ethics apologetics imagination

The Role of Synthetic Biology in Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Prospects and Challenges

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BioDesign Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1-8页

作者： Charles DeLisi Aristides Patrinos Michael MacCracken Dan Drell George Annas adam Arkin George Church Robert cook-Deegan Henry Jacoby Mary Lidstrom Jerry Melillo Ron Milo Keith Paustian John Reilly Richard J.Roberts Daniel Segrè Susan Solomon Dominic Woolf Stan D.Wullschleger Xiaohan Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering and Program in Bioinformatics College of EngineeringBoston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA The NOVIM Group Kohn HallUC Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA Climate Institute WashingtonDCUSA Department of Energy WashingtonDCUSA Center for Health Law Ethics&Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public HealthSchool of MedicineBoston UniversityUSA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley CAUSA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolCambridge MAUSA School for the Future of Innovation in Society Arizona State UniversityBarrett&O’Connor Washington Center1800 I StreetNWWashingtonDC 20006USA Sloan School of Management MITCambridge MAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonUSA The Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole MAUSA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change MITCambridge MAUSA New England Biolabs Beverly MAUSA Department of Biology and Program in Bioinformatics Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMITCambridge MAUSA Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthaca NYUSA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TNUSA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

The long atmospheric residence time of CO2 creates an urgent need to add atmospheric carbon drawdown to CO2 regulatory *** and systems biology(SSB),which enables manipulation of cellular phenotypes,offers a powerful approach to amplifying and adding new possibilities to current land management practices aimed at reducing atmospheric *** participants(in attendance:Christina Agapakis,George Annas,adam Arkin,George Church,Robert cook-Deegan,Charles DeLisi,Dan Drell,Sheldon Glashow,Steve Hamburg,Henry Jacoby,Henry Kelly,Mark Kon,Todd Kuiken,Mary Lidstrom,Mike MacCracken,June Medford,Jerry Melillo,Ron Milo,Pilar Ossorio,Ari Patrinos,Keith Paustian,Kristala Jones Prather,Kent Redford,David Resnik,John Reilly,Richard ***,Daniel Segre,Susan Solomon,Elizabeth Strychalski,Chris Voigt,Dominic Woolf,Stan Wullschleger,and Xiaohan Yang)identified a range of possibilities by which SSB might help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and which might also contribute to environmental sustainability and *** include,among other possibilities,engineering plants to convert CO2 produced by respiration into a stable carbonate,designing plants with an increased root-to-shoot ratio,and creating plants with the ability to self-fertilize.A number of serious ecological and societal challenges must,however,be confronted and resolved before any such application can be fully assessed,realized,and deployed.

关键词： Synthetic Roberts enable

Preliminary age-based life history characteristics of the dogtooth tuna,Gymnosarda unicolor(Ruppell,1838),in the southwest Pacific Ocean

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第3期8卷 323-331页

作者： David J.Welch adam K.Smith Kyne Krusic-Golub Sandra Erdmann Stephen J.Newman C_(2)O Fisheries PO Box 3041CairnsQueensland4870Australia Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811Australia Reef Ecologic TownsvilleQueensland4811Australia Fish Ageing Services Pty.Ltd. QueenscliffVictoria3225Australia Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaNorth BeachWestern Australia6020Australia

Dogtooth tuna,Gymnosarda unicolor were sampled off the east coast of Australia(southwest Pacific Ocean)from 2007 to *** were determined by examining thin transverse sections of their sagittal otoliths and were based on counts of alternating opaque and translucent zones(annual growth increments).Growth was rapid during the first year of life,after which growth in length was much *** of the constrained von Bertalanffy growth function(fork length-at-age)were L∞=1164.77(mm,FL)and K=0.44 year^(-1).Preliminary estimates of longevity indicate a maximum observed age of at least 20 *** was a high degree of variation in the observed length and age of sexual maturity for *** this variation,the size at 50%maturity for female *** estimated in this study was 713 mm FL(<2 years of age).The diet of *** is very broad and covers a range of fish *** life history characteristics of *** overall,indicate that this species may be somewhat resilient to ***,reports of localised depletions,in association with heavy targeting by sports fishers,low effective population sizes and patchy recruitment indicate that this species is particularly vulnerable to overfishing.

关键词： Otoliths Age Life history Pacific ocean Diet Fisheries management

Morpho-sedimentary unit signatures associated with micro-estuaries in Barnegat Bay national estuary,New Jersey,the USA

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第S1期46卷 62-65页

作者： Norbert P. PsutyDepartment of Marine and Coastal Sciences, cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA (e-mail: psuty@ imcs.rutgers.edu) Rutgers State Univ Dept Marine & Coastal Sci New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA

Incorporation of the Barnegat Bay into the US National Estuary Program has triggered collection and collation of basic data sets appropriate to estuarine management. Gathering of water quality and quantity as well as basic geological data is adding to the knowledge of the complexity of the bay. An ongoing program of systematic sampling of bottom sediments in the large bay and intense sampling in the many micro-estuaries along the mainland margin is demonstrating the presence of localized mor-pho-sedimentological units related to the interaction of the fluvial, tidal, and wave processes active in the bay. Mean grain sizes and standard deviation measures assist in the development of signatures of bottom sediment types.

关键词： lagoon estuary bottom sediment wave and tidal dy- namics

Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8638-8646页

作者： Peter L Moses Khalid M AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D Mitty M Stanley Branch Thomas E Kowalski Myriam Martel Viviane adam Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Vermont Division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health Center McGill University Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Health Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon Division of Gastroenterology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary ***:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French *** patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university *** endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 *** analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive ***:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for *** to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=*** to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of *** an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were ***:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life.

关键词： Randomized Biliary Obstruction Stent Plastic Metal Palliative Common bile duct