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Salmonella enterica Flagellin Is Recognized via FLS2 and Activates PAMP-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Plant 2014年第4期7卷 657-674页

作者： Ana Victoria Garcia Amelie Charrier adam schikora Jean Bigeard Stephanie Pateyron Marie-Ludivine de Tauzia-Moreau Alexandre Evrard Axel Mithofer Marie Laure Martin-Magniette Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant Heribert Hirt Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale (URGV) UMR INRA/CNRS/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essonne 91057 Evry France Institute for Plant Pathology and Applied Zoology Research Centre for BioSystems Land Use and Nutrition JL University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany Transcriptomic Platform Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale (URGV) 91057 Evry France Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany INRA UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France AgroParisTech UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France INRA UMR 1282 infectiologie et Sante Publique 37380 Nouzilly France

Infections with Salmonella enterica belong to the most prominent causes of food poisoning and infected fruits and vegetables represent important vectors for salmonellosis. Recent evidence indicates that plants recognize S. enterica and raise defense responses. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction of S. enterica with plants are still largely unclear. Here, we show that flagellin from S. enterica represents a prominent pathogenassociated molecular pattern （PAMP） in Arabidopsis thaliana, which induces PAMP-triggered immunity （PTI） via the recognition of the fig22 domain by the receptor kinase FLS2. The Arabidopsis fls2 mutant shows reduced though not abolished PTI activation, indicating that plants rely also on recognition of other S. enterica PAMPs. Interestingly, the S. enterica type III secretion system （T3SS） mutant prgH- induced stronger defense gene expression than wild-type bacteria in Arabidopsis, suggesting that T3SS effectors are involved in defense suppression. Furthermore, we observe that S. enterica strains show variation in the fig22 epitope, which results in proteins with reduced PTI-inducing activity. Altogether, these results show that S. enterica activates PTI in Arabidopsis and suggest that, in order to accomplish plant colonization, S. enterica evolved strategies to avoid or suppress PTI.

关键词： Salmonella enterica Arabidopsis thaliana flagellin FLS2 immunity.

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Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan C.adam Dyker Department of Chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

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Amyloid-β-induced disruption of axon-initial-segment mitochondria localization:consequences for TAU missorting in Alzheimer's disease pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1407-1408页

作者： Daniel adam Felix Langerscheidt Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a neuronal microtubule-associated protein preferentially located in *** a battery of neurodegenerative diseases termed"tauopathies,"including Alzheimer's disease (AD),TAU is missorted and abnormally phosphorylated,leading to filamentous accumulations of hyperphosphorylated TAU,a pathological hallmark and potential disease driver of AD and related tauopathies (Zempel,2024).

关键词： Alzheimer tau diseases

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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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Solid rocket propulsion technology for de-orbiting spacecraft

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第3期35卷 128-154页

作者： adam OKNINSKI Center of Space Technologies Lukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of AviationWarsaw 02-256Poland

This paper presents the topic of using solid rocket propulsion for de-orbiting spacecraft,in order to fulfil space debris mitigation *** benefits and disadvantages of using such means are discussed.A dedicated system can be implemented in the satellite design phase and shall be a key subsystem of platforms inserted into ***,semi-controlled and controlled de-orbit can be completed using solid rocket *** impact on the space debris environment is *** requirements for dedicated propellants and systems are *** the majority of presently developed rocket systems worldwide require high burn rates,several applications,including de-orbiting,benefit from solid propellants with decreased regression *** allows limiting spacecraft accelerations and loads during de-orbit ***,the requirement of minimising solid particle generation is *** technology from the Mercury and Gemini human spaceflight programmes,where de-orbit motors were used,is *** Soviet,American and Chinese film-return-capsule solid propellant retrorockets,enabling deorbit,are also presented.A detailed survey of current work worldwide on end-of-life disposal using solid propulsion is *** of developing dedicated systems are ***,an outlook on solid rocket motor utilisation for space debris mitigation is provided.

关键词： De-orbit De-orbiting technology End-of-life disposal Satellite propulsion system development Solid propellant Solid rocket motor Space debris mitigation Space traffic management

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Proactive interburden fracturing using UIS drilling with validation monitoring

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 3-7页

作者： adam Lines Anglo American Grosvenor MineMoranbah 4744Australia

A series of gas inrush events occurred during development at Grosvenor Mine resulting in exposure to elevated levels of methane at the production face.A total of 22 gas inrush events occurred,with between 15 and 130 m3 of methane released during each *** presence of an undrained seam in the immediate floor,geotechnical characteristics of the floor,and the stress environment all contributed to these dynamic floor events,while the geological characteristics of the seam below,such as the seam thickness and ash content of 75%,prevented effective ***,events only occurred in headings mined parallel to the principal horizontal stress *** cut-throughs(C/T)perpendicular to the principal stress direction no events occurred,and higher methane levels were observed at the production *** solution to preventing the gas inrush events involved creating a conduit in the interburden between the mined seam and the seam in the immediate floor to allow the gas to be drained during the development of the headings,as occurred in the cut-throughs(cut-through and cross-cut are regional terms that are analogous).A series of underground inseam(UIS)holes were drilled using the directional drill rig with the aim of fracturing this interburden ahead of the face and promote floor failure to allow the gas to release *** floor fracturing was conducted using water pressure generated from a longwall salvage pump,with the current UIS drilling equipment retrofitted with a series of subs,packers and a fracturing *** packers and the fracturing tool were shifted to desired locations along the drilled UIS borehole to achieve the required *** fractures were monitored using a proving hole and with a HYDAC data logger attached to the salvage pack,with the results analysed on the surface to ensure connectivity to the working seam.

关键词： Gas drainage Floor fracking UIS drilling

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Distributional Considerations for Transboundary Risk Governance of Environmental Threats

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 445-453页

作者： adam Rose Price School of Public Policy University of Southern California

Most policy analyses of both short-term and long-term disasters focus on aggregate impacts of their costs and the benefits of policy remedies. Distributional considerations relating to the costs of these disasters and the benefits of their risk management, however, are very important in many cases. This article examines two broad categories of cases in terms of distributional considerations. The first category is where transboundary considerations strongly affect risk governance, as in the case of climate change. The second relates to ordinary, short-term disasters, which include fewer, but still important, transboundary issues. Climate change policy requires information regarding the distribution of impacts and policy responses across countries because it is a global *** disasters involve transboundary considerations much less frequently, so the attention typically shifts to the distribution of benefits and costs within a jurisdiction. In both cases distributional information is needed to evaluate the equity of policies and to provide information for public participation in the policy process. This article offers modeling and policy approaches to address these issues.

关键词： Climate change Disasters Distributional effects Policy analysis Risk governance Transboundary impacts

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Protection of armoured vehicles against chemical, biological and radiological contamination

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 384-392页

作者： adam Wisniewski Jacek Pirszel Military Institute of Armament Technology Wyszynskiego 705-220ZielonkaPoland Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry al.gen.Antoniego Chrusciela“Montera”10500-910WarszawaPoland

The article presents problems related to mechanical protection of vehicles with different add-on armours against chemical,biological and radiological *** applies to vehicles with additional passive,reactive and hybrid protection in the form of cassettes against piercing with anti-tank projectiles,piercing with their kinetic energy of impact,and as a result of chemical energy of shaped charges as well as explosively formed *** has been shown how increased ballistic protection of these vehicles at the same time reduces their decontaminability in various places of the vehicle due to the increased additional surface of the vehicle with *** of contamination of these cassettes has been presented as a way of reducing hard to reach surface for decontamination and a method of insulating construction elements(stands),fixing these cassettes to the vehicle,from the environment to prevent contact with contaminated liquids and *** selection of appropriate materials is shown,which may affect the improvement of the decontamination efficiency of the vehicle with such *** applies to the use of materials with low absorption of chemical warfare agents,which prevent the accumulation of large amounts of these agents on contaminated surfaces and improve the effectiveness of *** also shows how to ensure better access of the disinfectant to as much of the vehicle surface as possible,covered with cassettes that have been *** shows how a vehicle,in particular with such cassettes,can provide protection against radar detection when Radar Absorbent Material is used on vehicle cassettes.

关键词： Protection of ERA CBR defence Chemical warfare agents Vehicle decontamination Radar absorbent material Additive manufacturing

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Sharp Inequalities for BMO Functions

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2015年第2期36卷 225-236页

作者： adam OSEKOWSKI Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Mechanics University of Warsaw

The purpose of the paper is to study sharp weak-type bounds for functions of bounded mean oscillation. Let 0 〈 p 〈 ∞ be a fixed number and let I be an interval contained in R. The author shows that for any φ ： I → R and any subset E I of positive measure, ｜I｜^-1/p/｜E｜1-1/p∫E｜φ -1/｜I｜∫Iφdy｜dx≤｜｜φ｜｜BMO（I）,0〈p≤2,｜I｜^-1/p/｜E｜1-1/p∫E｜φ -1/｜I｜∫Iφdy｜dx≤p/2^2/pe2/p-1｜｜φ｜｜BMO（I）p≥2. For each p, the constant on the right-hand side is the best possible. The proof rests on the explicit evaluation of the associated Bellman function. The result is a complement of the earlier works of Slavin, Vasyunin and Volberg concerning weak-type, L ^p and exponential bounds for the BMO class.

关键词： BMO Bellman function Weak-type inequality Best constants

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Machining of the Flat Surfaces with Abrasive-metallic Lapping Tools

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 1333-1335页

作者： adam Barylski Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland

The constructional principle of abrasion metal disc is that abrasive insertions are spread uniformly on the working surface of a metal base. During lapping by means of such tools only the machining fluid is dosed and that by drop. Abrasive elements of circular shape pellets are produced by mixing boron carbide BC400 micrograins with electrographite components, the pellets were pressed with a load of about 12 kN. Next they were heated in furnace at about 520K for hours, then cooled together with the furnace. Tests were carried out on the making of circular abrasive insertions of which the main components were born carbide and micrograins of electric copper mixed the epoxide resins.

关键词：布面平整研磨工具金属磨损环氧树脂

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