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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Injuries Associated with Auto-Tricycle Crashes in an African City: Incidence and Pattern

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第5期14卷 229-246页

作者： Augustus Nii Kwame Okleme David Anyitey-Kokor Dominic Konadu-Yeboah adam Gyedu Kwabena Agbedinu Johathan Boakye Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Emergency Medicine Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.

关键词： Auto-Tricycle Knock-Down Rickshaw Road Traffic Crashes

Isolated Lumbar Extension Resistance Training Is Effective at Improving Extension Power and Disability in Subjects with Diagnosed Lumbar Multifidus Dysfunction

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第3期12卷 245-255页

作者： William Roger Peters James Thomas Ernest Smith Mario Guiseppe Zotti adam Leslie Lincoln Benjamin James Enser Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Bond University Queensland Australia Back Neck Clinic Bundall Queensland Australia Kieser Australia Bundall Queensland Australia

Background: Lumbar multifidus dysfunction is a prevalent cause of disability in individuals with lower back pain. Previous research highlights the benefits of isolated lumbar extension training for non-specific lower back pain, however, studies examining its efficacy in lumbar multifidus dysfunction are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of isolated lumbar extension resistance training on disability and strength in individuals with lumbar multifidus dysfunction. Methods: Subjects underwent a physiotherapy led structured rehabilitation program incorporating isolated lumbar extension. Sessions were conducted twice weekly targeting momentary muscular failure with time under load 90 - 120 seconds and progressions aimed at 5 - 10 lbs increments. Outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and lumbar extension strength testing at baseline and after 12 weeks, with statistical analysis using t-test and chi-squared 2 × 2. Results: Forty-five subjects (24 male, 21 female) with a median age of 48 completed the intervention. Improvements were noted in Oswestry Disability Index scores (median pre: 24, post: 15) and maximal lumbar extension strength (median pre: 122 lb, post: 186 lb), with p ≤ 0.05. Overall, 89% showed improvement in disability scores, 67% moved to a better disability category, and 51% saw at least a 50% increase in strength. No significant gender differences were observed. Conclusions: Isolated lumbar extension resistance training is effective at improving extension power and disability in subjects with lumbar multifidus dysfunction.

关键词： low Back Pain Multifidus Muscle Strength Rehabilitation Resistance Training

Seasonal changes in group size and composition of Arabian sand gazelle Gazella subgutturosa marica Thomas, 1897 during a period of drought in central western Saudi Arabia

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Current Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 36-42页

作者： Peter low CUNNINGHAM King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre Thumamah E O. Box 61681 Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Zoological Society of London Conservation Programmes Regent's Park London NW1 4RY United Kingdom

Group size variations of the Arabian sand gazelle Gazella subgutturosa marica were studied during a period of drought at the Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area in central western Saudi Arabia. Significant differences in median group sizes were observed between all seasons except summer. Single animals were observed mainly during summer while group sizes ex- ceeding 10 individuals were observed mainly during winter. Solitary male and female groups were typically observed during winter and mixed groups mainly during the autumn rutting period. Most mixed groups were two to four times larger during winter than summer. The adult sex ratio （male： female） for all seasons combined was in parity and highest during autumn （1：1.23）, probably as a result of prolonged drought conditions. The variability in group structure related to environmental conditions may be one factor permitting G. s. marica to adapt to hyper-arid habitats and climatic regimes in central western Saudi Arabia. The value of continuous monitoring of the gazelle population is emphasised for this drought prone region

关键词： Group variations Seasonality Sex ratio Desert ungulate Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area

Elucidating the molecular basis of ATP-induced cell death in breast cancer: Construction of a robust prognostic model

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第2期15卷 208-242页

作者： Hao-Ling Zhang Sandai Doblin Zhong-Wen Zhang Zhi-Jing Song Babu Dinesh Yasser Tabana DahhamSabbar Saad Mowaffaq adam Ahmed adam Yong Wang Wei Wang Hao-Long Zhang Sen Wu Rui Zhao Barakat Khaled Department of Biomedical Sciences Advanced Medical and Dental InstituteUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenang 13200Malaysia School of Public Health Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Clinical College of Chinese Medicine Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of AlbertaEdmonton AB T6G 2E1Canada Department of Science University of Technology and Applied Sciences RustaqRustaq 10 P.C.329Oman Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182United States Department of Pathology Center Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina Gansu University of Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000Gansu ProvinceChina Universiti Sains Malaysia Advanced Medical and Dental InstitutePenang 13200Malaysia Department of Biomedical Science Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang 13200Malaysia

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a multifaceted and formidable disease with profound public health *** demise mechanisms play a pivotal role in breast cancer pathogenesis,with ATP-triggered cell death attracting mounting interest for its unique specificity and potential therapeutic *** To investigate the impact of ATP-induced cell death(AICD)on breast cancer,enhancing our understanding of its *** The foundational genes orchestrating AICD mechanisms were extracted from the literature,underpinning the establishment of a prognostic ***,a microRNA(miRNA)prognostic model was constructed that mirrored the gene-based prognostic *** between high-and low-risk cohorts within mRNA and miRNA characteristic models were scrutinized,with the aim of delineating common influence mechanisms,substantiated through enrichment analysis and immune infiltration *** The mRNA prognostic model in this study encompassed four specific mRNAs:P2X purinoceptor 4,pannexin 1,caspase 7,and cyclin *** miRNA prognostic model integrated four pivotal miRNAs:hsa-miR-615-3p,hsa-miR-519b-3p,hsa-miR-342-3p,and hsa-miR-324-3p.B cells,CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,endothelial cells,and macrophages exhibited inverse correlations with risk scores across all breast cancer ***,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that genes differentially expressed in response to mRNA risk scores significantly enriched 25 signaling pathways,while miRNA risk scores significantly enriched 29 signaling pathways,with 16 pathways being jointly *** Of paramount significance,distinct mRNA and miRNA signature models were devised tailored to AICD,both potentially autonomous prognostic *** study's elucidation of the molecular underpinnings of AICD in breast cancer enhances the arsenal of potential therapeutic tools,offering an unparalleled window for innovative ***,this paper revea

关键词： ATP-induced cell death mRNA miRNA Prognostic model Breast cancer

Field topologies in ideal and near-ideal magnetohydrodynamics and vortex dynamics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2015年第1期58卷 12-31页

作者： low B.C. High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric Research

Magnetic field topology frozen in ideal magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） and its breakage in near-ideal MHD are reviewed in two parts, clarifying and expanding basic concepts. The first part gives a physically complete description of the frozen field topology derived from magnetic flux conservation as the fundamental property, treating four conceptually related topics： Eulerian and La- grangian descriptions of three dimensional （3D） MHD, Chandrasekhar-Kendall and Euler-potential field representations, magnetic helicity, and inviscid vortex dynamics as a fluid system in physical contrast to ideal MHD. A corollary of these developments clar- ifies the challenge of achieving a high degree of the frozen-in condition in numerical MHD. The second part treats field-topology breakage centered around the Parker Magnetostatic Theorem on a general incompatibility of a continuous magnetic field with the dual demand of force-free equilibrium and an arbitrarily prescribed, 3D field topology. Preserving field topology as a global con- straint readily results in formation of tangential magnetic discontinuities, or, equivalently, electric current-sheets of zero thickness. A similar incompatibility is present in the steady force-thermal balance of a heated radiating fluid subject to an anisotropic thermal flux conducted strictly along its frozen-in magnetic field in the low-fl limit. In a weakly resistive fluid the thinning of current sheets by these general incompatibilities inevitably results field notwithstanding the small resistivity. Strong Faraday in sheet dissipation, resistive heating and topological changes in the induction drives but also macroscopically limits this mode of energy dissipation, trapping or storing free energy in self-organized ideal-MHD structures. This property of MHD turbulence captured by the Taylor hypothesis is reviewed in relation to the Sun＇s corona, calling for a basic quantitative description of the breakdown of flux conservation in the low-resistivity li

关键词： magnetic topology magnetic reconnection current sheets magnetic helicity thermal conduction solar corona magnetohy-drodynamics interstellar clouds

Growth-controlled synthesis of polymer-coated colloidal-gold nanoparticles using electrospray-based chemical reduction

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Particuology 2021年第4期19卷 72-81页

作者： Mohamed Hasaan Hussain Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar Kim-Fatt low Ana Najwa Mustapa Fatmawati adam Mohd Nazli Naim I.Wuled Lenggoroe Faculty of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi MARAShah AlamSelangor 40450Malaysia Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARAPerak BranchTapah CampusTapah RoadPerak 35400Malaysia Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia PahangLebuh Raya Tun RazakGambangPahang 26300Malaysia Department of Process and Food Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangor 43400Malaysia Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyNaka Cho2-24-16KoganeiTokyo 184-8588Japan Department Chemical of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyNaka Cho2-24-16KoganeiTokyo 184-8588Japan

In this study,the controlled nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles(GNPs)were investigated using a self-repelled mist in a liquid chemical reaction *** electrospray-based chemical reduction method was conducted in the aqueous region and at room temperature to synthesize the polymeric-stabilized gold *** electrospray technique was used to atomize a hydrogen tetrachloraurate(III)(HAuCl4)precursor solution into electrostatically charged *** atomized droplets were dispersed in an aqueous reaction bath containing L-ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as a *** effect of the electrospray parameters,specifically the flow rate and electrospray droplet size,as well as the reaction conditions such as the concentration of reactants,pH,and stabilizer(PVP),were *** mean diameter of the GNPs increased from around 4 to 9 nm with an increase in the electrospray flow rate,droplet size,and current passing through the electrospray *** and monodispersed GNPs were synthesized at a relatively high flow rate of 2 mL/h and a moderate concentration of 2 mM of precursor *** smallest-sized GNP with a high monodispersity was obtained in the reaction bath at a high pH of 10.5 and in the presence of *** is expected that continuous and mass production of the engineered GNPs and other noble metal nanoparticles could be established for scaling up nanoparticle production via the proposed electrospray-based chemical reduction method.

关键词： Electrospray Gold nanoparticles Chemical reduction method L-ascorbic acid PVP Aqueous medium

Nutritional and Sanitary Quality of Infant Flours Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 727-743页

作者： Léa Kilô adam Bayala-Yaï Philippe Augustin Nikièma Hassane Sangaré Fabrice Bationo Imael Henri Nestor Bassolé Jacques Simpore Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire et de Gntique (LABIOGENE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire dEpidmiologie et Surveillance des Agents Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Physicochimie du Dpartement de Technologie Alimentaire (DTA) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The quality of infant flours used during the weaning age is of great importance in that it conditions the nutritional health of infants and young children. This study aimed to assess the nutritional and sanitary quality of infant flours produced in the city of Ouagadougou. This was a cross-sectional study including 11 out of 25 infant flour production units that gave their consent to partake in the study. In total, 25 infant flour samples have been collected from July to September 2021. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were determined according to standard methods. The ANOVA analysis of variance showed significant differences between the means of the physico-chemical and the means of the microbiological parameters respectively. The results showed that 60% of proteins and 80% of lipid and total carbohydrate contents were below the authorised limits. The energy values were below the authorised limit in 88% of the cases. All instant infant flours had microbiological loads compliant with Burkinabè standards. As for infant flour to be cooked, 63.64% and 81.82% had satisfactory numbers of total coliforms and faecal coliforms respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected in these samples with 86.36% of infant formulae having results below the recommended limit. These results show that the infant flours produced in Ouagadougou were somehow of acceptable quality. However, there is a need to improve the formulae for macronutrient contents, energy values and sanitary quality to comply with the recommendations.

关键词： Nutritional and Sanitary Quality Infant Flours Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

On-line Optimization of Biomimetic Undulatory Swimming by an Experiment-based Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第2期11卷 213-225页

作者： Chunlin Zhou Kin Huat low Department of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

An experiment-based approach is proposed to improve the performance of biomimetic undulatory locomotion through on-line optimization. The approach is implemented through two steps：（1） the generation of coordinated swimming gaits by artificial Central Pattern Generators （CPGs）; （2） an on-line searching of optimal parameter sets for the CPG model using Genetic Algorithm （GA）. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated in the optimization of swimming speed and energy effi- ciency for a biomimetic fin propulsor. To evaluate how well the input energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the pro- pulsor, an energy-efficiency index is presented and utilized as a feedback to regulate the on-line searching with a closed-loop swimming control. Experiments were conducted on propulsor prototypes with different fin segments and the optimal swimming patterns were found separately. Comparisons of results show that the optimal curvature of undulatory propulsor, which might have different shapes depending on the actual prototype design and control scheme. It is also found that the propulsor with six fin segments, is preferable because of hizher speed and lower energy efficiency.

关键词： robotic fish biomimetics locomotion optimization CPG GA