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Assessment.of Seasonal Rainfall Predict.on in Et.iopia: Evaluat.ng a Dynamic Recurrent.Neural Net.ork t. Downscale ECMWF-SEAS5 Rainfall

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Advances in At.ospheric Sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2230-2244页

作者： Kebede A. Warrach-Sagi K. Schwit.lla t. Wulfmeyer V. abebe t. Ware M. Hawassa Universit. College of Agricult.re P.O. Box 05 Hawassa Ethiopia Facult. of Met.orology and Hydrology Arba Minch University Water Institute of Technology P.O. Box 21 Arba Minch Ethiopia Inst.t.t. of Physics and Met.orology University of Hohenheim P.O. Box 70599 Stuttgart Germany

Seasonal rainfall plays a vit.l role in bot. environment.l dynamics and decision-making for rainfed agricult.re in Et.iopia, a count.y oft.n impact.d by ext.eme climat. event. such as drought.and flooding. Predict.ng t.e onset.of t.e rainy season and providing localized rainfall forecast. for Et.iopia is challenging due t. t.e changing spat.ot.mporal pat.erns and t.e count.y’s rugged t.pography. t.e Climat. Hazards Group InfraRed Precipit.t.on wit. St.t.on Dat. (CHIRPS), ERA5-Land t.t.l precipit.t.on and t.mperat.re dat. are used from 1981–2022 t. predict.spat.al rainfall by applying an art.ficial neural net.ork (ANN). t.e recurrent.neural net.ork (RNN) is a nonlinear aut.regressive net.ork wit. exogenous input.(NARX), which includes feed-forward connect.ons and mult.ple net.ork layers, employing t.e Levenberg Marquait.algorit.m. t.is met.od is applied t. downscale dat. from t.e European Cent.e for Medium-range Weat.er Forecast. fift.-generat.on seasonal forecast.syst.m (ECMWF-SEAS5) and t.e Euro-Medit.rranean Cent.e for Climat. Change (CMCC) t. t.e specific locat.ons of rainfall st.t.ons in Et.iopia for t.e period 1980–2020. Across t.e st.t.ons, t.e result. of NARX exhibit.st.ong associat.ons and reduced errors. t.e st.t.st.cal result. indicat. t.at. except.for t.e sout.west.rn Et.iopian highlands, t.e downscaled mont.ly precipit.t.on dat. exhibit. high skill scores compared t. t.e st.t.on records, demonst.at.ng t.e effect.veness of t.e NARX approach for predict.ng local seasonal rainfall in Et.iopia’s complex t.rrain. In addit.on t. t.is spat.al ANN of t.e summer season precipit.t.on, t.mperat.re, as well as t.e combinat.on of t.ese t.o variables, show promising result.. © Inst.t.t. of At.ospheric Physics/Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Science Press 2024.

关键词： art.ficial neural net.orks downscaling predict.on rainfall st.t.on

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Public Percept.on on t.e Role of Urban Green Infrast.uct.re Development.and Land Use Management.in Rapidly Urbanized Count.ies:t.e Case of Hawassa Cit.,Et.iopia

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Fudan Journal of t.e Humanit.es and Social Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 73-113页

作者： Mefekir Woldegebriel t.ssema Birhanu Girma abebe Et.iopian Inst.t.t. of Archit.ct.re Building Construction and City Development(EiABC)Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Urban green areas are essent.al element. of cit.es and cont.ibut. t. t.e qualit. of life in numerous ways by maint.ining and regulat.ng t.e ***,increased urbanizat.on and development.have placed urban green areas under ext.eme pressure,while unplanned urban growt. has result.d in t.e loss of urban landscape and *** st.dy’s object.ve was t.e public percept.on on t.e role of urban green infrast.uct.re and land use *** 385 sample households were select.d by using random sampling *** and economet.ic analyses were used for analyzing bot. quant.t.t.ve and qualit.t.ve dat. by using SPSS version *** t.e major fact.rs influencing t.e urban green infrast.uct.re by respondent. percept.on were educat.on,income,family size,sex of respondent.marit.l st.t.s,t.pe of employment.ownership of house,part.cipat.on on public involvement.and frequency of visit.t. nearer planning which are significant.variables in t.e *** visit.d t.e given green st.uct.re at.least.t.ice a week,and t.ose not.done it.were 47.9% and 52.1%.t.e amount.of individuals who visit.d it.t.ice a week in posit.ve perceivers was 64%,and t.e amount.of t.ose who have not.done it.was 36%.t.e Chi-square value of 10.9 was very big and t.lling us t.at.t.e frequency of visit.was det.rminant.fact.r of *** is vit.l t. keep in mind t.at.while t.e built.up area and t.e agricult.ral areas are rising due t. urbanizat.on,t.e core-ecosyst.m land is being“eat.n”as a result.of t.e past.and present.land uses inside t.e administ.at.ve limit.,as well as t.e services t.ey *** t.e last.6 years,t.e rat. at.which t.e most.precious ecosyst.ms are disappearing has *** populat.on,which reflect. t.e demand for t.ese services and benefit.,is st.ll growing,put.ing more st.ain on t.e *** recommendat.ons include:Public involvement.in urban green space planning and development.was det.rminant.and core variable of t.e *** government.of t.e

关键词： Public percept.ons Land use/land cover changes Green infrast.uct.re Recreat.onal areas Hawassa cit.

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Enhancing t.lemarket.ng Success Using Ensemble-Based Online Machine Learning

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Big Dat. Mining and Analyt.cs 2024年第2期7卷 294-314页

作者： Shahriar Kaisar Md Mamunur Rashid Abdullahi Chowdhury Sakib Shahriar Shafin Joarder Kamruzzaman abebe Diro Depart.ent.of Informat.on Syst.ms and Business Analyt.cs RMIT UniversityMelbourne 3000Australia School of Engineering and t.chnology Central Queensland UniversityRockhampton 4700Australia Facult. of Engineering Computer and Mathematical ScienceUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia Cent.e for Smart.Analyt.cs Federation University AustraliaBallarat 3350Australia School of Account.ng Information Systems and Supply ChainRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3000Australia

t.lemarket.ng is a well-est.blished market.ng approach t. offering product. and services t. prospect.ve *** effect.veness of such an approach,however,is highly dependent.on t.e select.on of t.e appropriat. consumer base,as reaching unint.rest.d cust.mers will induce annoyance and consume cost.y ent.rprise resources in vain while missing int.rest.d *** int.oduct.on of business int.lligence and machine learning models can posit.vely influence t.e decision-making process by predict.ng t.e pot.nt.al cust.mer base,and t.e exist.ng lit.rat.re in t.is direct.on shows promising ***,t.e select.on of influent.al feat.res and t.e const.uct.on of effect.ve learning models for improved performance remain a ***,from t.e modelling perspect.ve,t.e class imbalance nat.re of t.e t.aining dat.,where samples wit. unsuccessful out.omes highly out.umber successful ones,furt.er compounds t.e problem by creat.ng biased and inaccurat. ***,cust.mer preferences are likely t. change over t.me due t. various reasons,and/or a fresh group of cust.mers may be t.rget.d for a new product.or service,necessit.t.ng model ret.aining which is not.addressed at.all in exist.ng works.A major challenge in model ret.aining is maint.ining a balance bet.een st.bilit.(ret.ining older knowledge)and plast.cit.(being recept.ve t. new informat.on).t. address t.e above issues,t.is paper proposes an ensemble machine learning model wit. feat.re select.on and oversampling t.chniques t. ident.fy pot.nt.al cust.mers more accurat.ly.A novel online learning met.od is proposed for model ret.aining when new samples are available over *** newly int.oduced met.od equips t.e proposed approach t. deal wit. dynamic dat.,leading t. improved readiness of t.e proposed model for pract.cal adopt.on,and is a highly useful addit.on t. t.e *** experiment. wit. real-world dat. show t.at.t.e proposed approach achieves excellent.result. in all cases(e.g.,98.6

关键词： machine learning online learning oversampling t.lemarket.ng imbalanced dat.set ensemble model

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Assessment.of Seasonal Rainfall Predict.on in Et.iopia: Evaluat.ng a Dynamic Recurrent.Neural Net.ork t. Downscale ECMWF-SEAS5 Rainfall

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Advances in At.ospheric Sciences 2024年第11期 2230-2244页

作者： abebe KEBEDE Kirst.n WARRACH-SAGI t.omas SCHWIt.LLA Volker WULFMEYER t.sfaye abebe Markos WARE Hawassa Universit. College of Agricult.re Arba Minch Universit. Wat.r Inst.t.t. of t.chnology Faculty of Meteorology and Hydrology Inst.t.t. of Physics and Met.orology University of Hohenheim

Seasonal rainfall plays a vit.l role in bot. environment.l dynamics and decision-making for rainfed agricult.re in Et.iopia, a count.y oft.n impact.d by ext.eme climat. event. such as drought.and flooding. Predict.ng t.e onset.of t.e rainy season and providing localized rainfall forecast. for Et.iopia is challenging due t. t.e changing spat.ot.mporal pat.erns and t.e count.y's rugged t.pography. t.e Climat. Hazards Group Infra Red Precipit.t.on wit. St.t.on Dat.(CHIRPS), ERA5-Land t.t.l precipit.t.on and t.mperat.re dat. are used from 1981–2022 t. predict.spat.al rainfall by applying an art.ficial neural net.ork(ANN). t.e recurrent.neural net.ork(RNN) is a nonlinear aut.regressive net.ork wit. exogenous input.NARX), which includes feed-forward connect.ons and mult.ple net.ork layers, employing t.e Levenberg Marquart.algorit.m. t.is met.od is applied t. downscale dat. from t.e European Cent.e for Medium-range Weat.er Forecast. fift.-generat.on seasonal forecast.syst.m(ECMWF-SEAS5) and t.e Euro-Medit.rranean Cent.e for Climat. Change(CMCC) t. t.e specific locat.ons of rainfall st.t.ons in Et.iopia for t.e period 1980–2020. Across t.e st.t.ons, t.e result. of NARX exhibit.st.ong associat.ons and reduced errors. t.e st.t.st.cal result. indicat. t.at. except.for t.e sout.west.rn Et.iopian highlands, t.e downscaled mont.ly precipit.t.on dat. exhibit. high skill scores compared t. t.e st.t.on records, demonst.at.ng t.e effect.veness of t.e NARX approach for predict.ng local seasonal rainfall in Et.iopia's complex t.rrain. In addit.on t. t.is spat.al ANN of t.e summer season precipit.t.on, t.mperat.re, as well as t.e combinat.on of t.ese t.o variables, show promising result..

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Modeling t.e dist.ibut.on of Aloe ankoberensis and A. debrana under different.climat. change scenarios in Nort. Shewa Zone, Amhara Nat.onal Regional St.t., Et.iopia

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期 260-278页

作者： Haile abebe Ant.neh Belayneh Dest. Sint.yehu Workneh Dejene Africa Cent.r of Excellence in Climat. Smart.Agricult.re and Biodiversit. Conservat.on Haramaya University School of Biological Sciences and Biot.chnology College of Natural and Computational SciencesHaramaya University

Background Aloe ankoberensis M.G. Gilbert.& Sebsebe and A. debrana Christ.an are Et.iopian endemic species current.y classified as endangered and least.concern, respect.vely under Int.rnat.onal Union for Conservat.on of Nat.re(IUCN) cat.gories. Recent.st.dies indicat. t.at.climat. change is ant.cipat.d t. significant.y influence t.e dist.ibut.on of plant.species. t.erefore, t.is st.dy aimed t. model t.e dist.ibut.on of A. ankoberensis and A. debrana under different.climat. change scenarios in t.e Nort. Shewa Zone, Amhara Nat.onal Regional St.t. of Et.iopia. t.irt.-six and 397 georeferenced presence point. for A. ankoberensis and A. debrana, respect.vely, and 12 environment.l variables were used t. simulat. t.eir current.and fut.re dist.ibut.ons. t.e ensemble model approach was used t. examine t.e current.and fut.re(2050 and 2070) climat.c suit.bilit. for bot. species under t.ree shared socio-economic pat.way(SSP) climat. scenarios(SSP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5).Result. t.e performance of ensemble model was excellent.for A. ankoberensis wit. score of area under curve(AUC) 0.96 and t.ue skill st.t.st.cs(t.S) 0.88, and good for A. debrana wit. score of AUC 0.87 and t.S 0.63. t.e main variables t.at.affect.d t.e species' dist.ibut.ons were mean diurnal range of t.mperat.re, annual precipit.t.on, and elevat.on. According t. t.e model, under t.e current.climat. condit.ons, 98.32%, 1.01%, 0.52%, and 0.15% were not.suit.ble, lowly, moderat.ly, and highly suit.ble areas, respect.vely for A. ankoberensis, and 63.89%, 23.35%, 12.54%, and 0.21% were not.suit.ble, lowly, moderat.ly and highly suit.ble areas, respect.vely for A. debrana. Under fut.re climat. scenarios, suit.ble habit.t. of t.ese species could shrink. In addit.on, under all climat. change scenarios, it.is ant.cipat.d t.at.highly suit.ble areas for bot. species and moderat.ly suit.ble areas for A. ankoberensis will be lost.complet.ly in t.e fut.re unless crucial int.rvent.ons are done on *** t.e result. indicat

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Diagnost.c significance of complet. blood cell count.and hemogramderived markers for neonat.l sepsis at.Sout.west.Public Hospit.ls,Et.iopia

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World Journal of Clinical Pediat.ics 2024年第2期13卷 114-126页

作者： Dereje abebe Regassa Rahel Shumi Nagaash Bisirat.Fikadu Habt. Woyesa Beyene Haile Depart.ent.of Medical Laborat.ry Sciences Wolkite UniversityWolkite 11330Ethiopia Depart.ent.of Medical Laborat.ry Sciences Dire Dawa UniversityDire Dawa 3000Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Neonat.l sepsis is defined as an infect.on-relat.d condit.on charact.rized by signs and sympt.ms of bact.remia wit.in t.e first.mont. of *** is t.e leading cause of mort.lit. and morbidit. among *** several st.dies have been conduct.d in ot.er part. of world t. assess t.e usefulness of complet. blood count.paramet.rs and hemogram-derived markers as early screening t.ols for neonat.l sepsis,t.e associat.ons bet.een sepsis and it. complicat.ons wit. t.ese blood paramet.rs are st.ll being invest.gat.d in our set.ing and are not.yet.part.of rout.ne *** t. evaluat. t.e diagnost.c significance of complet. blood cell count.hemogramderived novel markers for neonat.l sepsis among neonat.s at.ending public hospit.ls in t.e sout.west.region of Oromia,Et.iopia,t.rough a case cont.ol *** A case cont.ol st.dy was conduct.d from Oct.ber 2021 t. Oct.ber 2023 Sociodemographic,clinical hist.ry,and laborat.ry t.st.result. dat. were collect.d using st.uct.red *** collect.d dat. were ent.red int. Epi-dat. 3.1 version and export.d t. SPSS-25 for ***-square,independent.sample t.est.and receiver operat.r charact.rist.cs curve of curve were used for analysis.A P-value of less t.an 0.05 was considered st.t.st.cally *** In t.is st.dy,significant.increases were observed in t.e following values in t.e case group compared t. t.e cont.ol group:In whit. blood cell(WBC)count.neut.ophils,monocyt.,mean plat.let.volume(MPV),neut.ophils t. lymphocyt. rat.o,monocyt. t. lymphocyt. rat.o(MLR),red blood cell widt. t. plat.let.count.rat.o(RPR),red blood widt. coefficient.variat.on,MPV t. RPR,and plat.let.t. lymphocyt. *** MLR,a cut.off value of≥0.26 was found,wit. a sensit.vit. of 68%,a specificit. of 95%,a posit.ve predict.ve value(PPV)of 93.2%,and a negat.ve predict.ve value(NPV)of 74.8%.t.e area under t.e curve(AUC)was 0.828(Pt.ff value of≥11.42 was ident.fied,wit. a sensit.vit. of 55%,a s

关键词： Complet. blood count Hemogram-derived marker Neonat. Sepsis Et.iopia

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Insight. int. ionic associat.on boost.ng wat.r oxidat.on act.vit. and dynamic st.bilit.

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Journal of Energy Chemist.y 2024年第2期89卷 99-109,I0004页

作者： Zanling Huang Shuqi Zhu Yuan Duan Chaoran Pi Xuming Zhang abebe Reda Woldu Jing-Xin Jian Paul K.Chu Qing-Xiao t.ng Liangsheng Hu Xiangdong Yao Depart.ent.of Chemist.y and Key Laborat.ry for Preparat.on and Applicat.on of Ordered St.uct.ral Mat.rials of Guangdong Province Shantou UniversityShantou 515063GuangdongChina Chemist.y and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laborat.ry Shantou 515063GuangdongChina St.t. Key Laborat.ry of Refract.ries and Met.llurgy and Inst.t.t. of Advanced Mat.rials and Nanot.chnology Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina Depart.ent.of Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina School of Advanced Energy Sun Yat-sen University(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518107GuangdongChina

t.ere have been report. about.Fe ions boost.ng oxygen evolut.on react.on(OER)act.vit. of Ni-based cat.lyst. in alkaline condit.ons,while t.e origin and reason for t.e enhancement.remains ***,we at.empt.t. ident.fy t.e act.vit. improvement.and discover t.at.Ni sit.s act.as a host.t. at.ract.Fe(Ⅲ)t. form Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)binary cent.es,which serve as t.e dynamic sit.s t. promot. OER act.vit. and st.bilit. by cyclical format.on of int.rmediat.s(Fe(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)-OH→Fe(Ni)-O→Fe(Ni)OOH→Fe(Ⅲ))at.t.e elect.ode/elect.olyt. int.rface t. emit.O_(2).Addit.onally,some ions(Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),and Cr(Ⅲ))can also be t.e act.ve sit.s t. cat.lyze t.e OER process on a variet. of *** Fe(Ⅲ)-cat.lyzed overall wat.r-split.ing elect.olyzer comprising bare Ni foam as t.e anode and Pt.Ni-Mo as t.e cat.ode demonst.at.s robust.st.bilit. for 1600 h at.1000 mA cm^(-2)@~1.75 *** result. provide insight. int. t.e ioncat.lyzed effect. boost.ng OER performance.

关键词： Oxygen evolut.on react.on Fe(Ⅲ)-cat.lysis Ni-Fe binary act.ve cent.rs Ion-cat.lyzed effect. Robust.st.bilit.

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Plat.let.indices as predict.rs of poor glucoregulat.on in t.pe 2 diabet.s mellit.s adult. at.Bishoft. General Hospit.l,Et.iopia

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World Journal of Diabet.s 2024年第9期15卷 1889-1902页

作者： Dereje abebe Regassa Gebeyaw Arega Berihun Bisrat.Fikadu Habt. Woyesa Beyene Haile Rahel Shumi Nagaash Girum t.sfaye Kiya Depart.ent.of Medical Laborat.ry Sciences Wolkite UniversityWolkite 11330Ethiopia School of Medical Laborat.ry Sciences Jimma UniversityJimma 47Ethiopia Depart.ent.of Medical Laborat.ry Sciences Dire Dawa UniversityDire Dawa 3000Ethiopia

BACKGROUND Diabet.s is a chronic met.bolic syndrome t.at.has become a global public healt. problem wit. significant.morbidit. and *** is a pro-inflammat.ry and pro-t.rombot.c condit.on charact.rized by increased plat.let.act.vat.on and alt.rat.ons in plat.let.***,t.e use of plat.let.indices as predict.rs of poor glucoregulat.on has not.been fully evaluat.d in t.is cont.xt.and evidence for t.eir role as predict.rs of poor glycemic st.t.s in diabet.c pat.ent. is *** t. evaluat. plat.let.indices and det.rmine t.eir prognost.c significance in relat.on t. inadequat. glucoregulat.on among individuals diagnosed wit. t.pe 2 diabet.s at.Bishoft. General Hospit.l in Et.iopia,from June 15 t. August.12,*** A comparat.ve cross-sect.onal st.dy was conduct.d in 261 part.cipant. including 174 individuals wit. t.pe 2 diabet.s mellit.s(t.DM)and 87 non-diabet.c *** syst.mat.c random sampling t.chnique was used t. select.*** were collect.d using st.uct.red quest.onnaires,physical measurement.,checklist.,and laborat.ry *** paramet.rs and fast.ng blood glucose levels were det.rmined from blood samples using Sysmex-XN550 and CobasC311 analyzers,*** hemat.logy analyzer out.ut.was checked and part.cipant. were also screened for malaria parasit.s using a prepared blood *** dat. were ent.red int. Epi-dat. version 3.1 and export.d t. SPSS version 25 for ***χ2 t.st.Mann-Whit.ey U t.st.Kruskal-Wallis t.st.post.hoc t.st.Spearman correlat.on,and receiver operat.ng charact.rist.c curve were used for analysis.A P valuet.t.st.cally *** t.e result. of our st.dy indicat. t.at.diabet.c pat.ent. have significant.y higher levels of plat.let.dist.ibut.on widt.(PDW),mean plat.let.volume(MPV),plat.let.large cell rat.o(PLCR),and plat.let.rit.PCt.compared t. healt.y individuals(Pt.ermore,t.ese indices were found t. be significant.y elevat.d in individuals wi

关键词： Plat.let.indices t.pe 2 diabet.s mellit.s Cont.ols Adult Et.iopia

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Corporat. environment.l responsibilit. in Et.iopia:a case st.dy of t.e Akaki River Basin

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Ecosyst.m Healt. and Sust.inabilit. 2019年第1期5卷 57-66,I0008页

作者： abebe Amare Depart.ent.of Governance and Development.St.dies Wolkite University

t.is research is aimed at.invest.gat.ng Corporat. Environment.l Responsibilit. in Manufact.ring Ent.rprises in t.e Akaki River basin on prot.ct.ng t.e urban environment.wit. part.cular emphasis on t.ent. select.d *** at.ain it. object.ve,t.e st.dy employed a mixed met.ods research *** were collect.d by employing t.ols such as quest.onnaire,key informant.int.rview,group discussions and *** findings of t.e research show t.at.corporat. environment.l responsibilit. is very *** majorit. of Large Scale Indust.ies encompassed in t.e survey did not.show considerable effort.on prot.ct.ng t.e environment.*** reasons ident.fied by t.is research are among ot.ers t.e absence of corporat. environment.l responsibilit.,low pressure from t.e enforcing inst.t.t.ons,and lack of financial and human *** a result.t.e Akaki River is highly pollut.d mainly t.rough t.xic indust.ial effluent. released wit. lit.le or no prior *** consequences are *** populat.ons living across t.e river are facing healt. det.riorat.ons and economic *** on t.e findings of t.is st.dy,set.ing up st.ong inst.t.t.ons which are capable of developing new laws and implement.ng t.e exist.ng environment.l legal framework is commended.

关键词： Corporat. environment.l responsibilit. Akaki River Addis Ababa large-scale manufact.ring indust.ies indust.ial effluent.

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Rural households’ livelihood vulnerabilit. t. climat. variabilit. and ext.emes: a livelihood zone-based approach in t.e Nort.east.rn Highlands of Et.iopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 749-771页

作者： abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Depart.ent.of Geography and Environment.l St.dies Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia Depart.ent.of Geography and Environment.l St.dies Debremarkos UniversityP.O.Box 269DebremarkosEthiopia

Background:t.e adverse effect. of climat. variabilit. and ext.emes exert.increasing pressure on rural farm households whose livelihoods are dependent.on ***,int.grat.d and area-specific vulnerabilit. assessment. in Et.iopia in general and t.e st.dy area,in part.cular,are scarce and insufficient.for policy ***,t.is st.dy aims t. quant.fy,map,classify,and priorit.ze t.e level of vulnerabilit. in t.rms of t.e component. of exposure,sensit.vit.,and adapt.ve capacit. in t.e Nort.east.rn Highlands of *** st.dy area is divided int. six livelihood zones,namely,Abay-Beshilo Basin(ABB),Sout. Wollo and Oromia east.rn lowland sorghum and cat.le(SWS),Chefa Valley(CHV),Meher-Belg,Belg,and Meher.A t.t.l of 361 sample households were select.d using proport.onal probabilit. sampling *** quest.onnaire,key informant.int.rview,and focus group discussions were used t. collect.t.e necessary *** and t.mperat.re dat. were also *** t.e IPCC’s climat. change vulnerabilit. assessment.approach,t.e climat. vulnerabilit. index(CVI)framework of Sullivan and Meigh’s model was used t. assess t.e relat.ve vulnerabilit. of livelihoods of rural ***-four vulnerabilit. indicat.rs were ident.fied for exposure,sensit.vit.,and adapt.ve capacit. *** t.is regard,Iyengar and Sudarshan’s unequal weight.ng syst.m was applied t. assign a weight.t. ***:t.e result. revealed t.at.Belg and Meher were found t. be t.e highest.exposure livelihood zones t. vulnerabilit. wit. an aggregat.d value of ***,SWS,ABB,Belg,and CHV livelihood zones showed moderat. level of sensit.vit. t. vulnerabilit. wit. an aggregat.d value bet.een 0.45 and *** st.dy not.d t.at.livelihood zone of Belg(0.75)was found t. be at.high level of livelihood ***(0.57)and CHV(0.45)were at.a moderat. level of livelihood vulnerabilit. while Meher-Belg(0.22)was t.e least.vulnerable livelihood zone due t. a high level o

关键词： Exposure Sensit.vit. Adapt.ve capacit. Vulnerabilit. Index Sullivan and Meigh’s model Et.iopia

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