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Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case-Control Study in a Department of Internal Medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2020年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Maï mouna Sow Baï dy Sy Kane abdourahmane samba Awa Cheikh Ndao Nafissatou Diagne Boundia Djiba Mouhamed Dieng Atoumane Faye Abdoulaye Pouye Internal Medicine Department Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal Biochemistry Department Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: The morbidity and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus are largely due to accelerated atherosclerosis. This is partly related to the high prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of these factors in lupus patients compared to a control population in a department of internal medicine. Methods: We realized a case-control study in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus according to ACR criteria in 1997. Patients were matched by age and gender with controls subjects without autoimmune disease. We studied the frequency of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in both populations. The study was done in the department of internal medicine of Aristide Le Dantec teaching Hospital, in Senegal, during the period from August 2017 to December 2018. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software and the level of significance was retained for a p-value Results: We recruited 100 subjects including 50 patients and 50 controls. The mean age was 33.5 ± 11.3 years in cases and 33.3 ± 11.3 years in controls. Dyslipidemia was significantly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (p = 0.009). Levels of triglycerides (p Conclusion: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia were more common in patients. Similarly, renal failure was associated with lupus.

关键词： Cardiovascular Risk Factors Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Sub-Saharan Africa

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Ankle-Brachial Index in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:A Senegalese Case-Control Study

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第12期9卷 958-968页

作者： Baidy Sy Kane Maimouna Sow Fatou Aw abdourahmane samba Ahmed Tall Lemrabott Awa Cheikh Ndao Souhaibou Ndongo Mouhamadou Bamba Ndiaye Maboury Diao Abdoulaye Pouye Department of Internal Medicine Le Dantec Teaching HospitalCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal Department of Cardiology Le Dantec Teaching HospitalCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal Biochemistry Laboratory Le Dantec Teaching HospitalCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal Department of Nephrology Le Dantec Teaching HospitalCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increasing cardiovascular risk which is recognized as a major cause of morbidity and death. Whether subclinical atherosclerosis has been evaluated by several methods, there are very limited data about Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of the present study was to compare this index, between SLE patients and controls. We conducted a case-control study in the Department of Internal Medicine of our institution during the period from August 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. We included 100 subjects, including 50 SLE patients and 50 control cases. This included 44 women and 6 men in patients with an identical distribution in controls. The mean age was 33.5 ± 11.3 years for cases and 33.3 ± 11.3 years (p-value: 0.93) for controls subjects. There was higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia (p-value at 0.009), low level of serum HDL-cholesterol (p-value??0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p-value at 0.000) and hyperuricemia (p-value at 0.000) in patients with SLE. Overweight/obesity was higher in controls subjects (p-value at 0.028). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of diabetes-mellitus, smoking and high blood pressure. The abnormally ABI was recorded in 19 patients with SLE (38%) and 8 controls (16%) with a p-value: 0.01 and odds ratio: 3.22. Eight patients (16%) and four controls (8%) had low ABI without significant difference (p-value: 0.11 but odds-ratio at 2.98). Eleven patients with SLE (22%) and five controls (10%) had high ABI (p-value: 0.05 and odds-ratio: 3.24). In patients with SLE only disease activity (cSLEDAI) at the inclusion of the study was correlated?to abnormal ABI.?Conclusion:?This study showed an increasing prevalence of abnormal ABI in black African patients with SLE compared to controls with a correlation between disease activity and abnormal ABI.

关键词： Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Subclinical Atherosclerosis Peripheral Arterial Disease Ankle-Brachial Index Africa South of the Sahara

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Performance of Cardiovascular Risk Equations versus Vascular Ultrasound in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Black African Population

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2021年第11期11卷 523-532页

作者： Sow Maïmouna Kane Baïdy Sy Diouf Marguerite Téning Aw Fatou Ndao Awa Cheikh samba abdourahmane Ndiaye Mouhamadou Bamba Ndongo Souhaibou Diao Maboury Pouye Abdoulaye Internal Medecine Department of Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar Senegal Cardiology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar Senegal Biochemial Department of Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital of Dakar Senegal Internal Medecine Department of Dalal Jamm Hospital of Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus. Cardiovascular events are the first cause of death in lupus after five years duration. Prevention of cardiovascular events needs a good evaluation of the risk. In this work, we tried to evaluate the performance of conventional and adjusted forms of cardiovascular risk equations to predict high risk in lupus patients, in comparison with carotid ultrasound. Method: We realized a cross-sectional study during the period from 24 August 2017 to 22 November 2018. Consenting patient meeting the 1997 American college of Rheumatology criteria of systemic lupus erythematosus were recruited. The clinical characteristics and the treatment data were informed. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were also investigated, and the assessment of cardiovascular risk was performed by Framingham and SCORE equations and their modified forms (multiplication by a factor of 1.5). Carotid ultrasound was used to detect atherosclerosis by measuring intima media thickness and searching for carotid plaques. In last, we compared cardiovascular risk levels by equations to results of carotid ultrasound. Statistical analysis and data collection were performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: Forty-nine patients with a sex ratio of 0.13 and a mean age of 33.5 (±11.3) years were enrolled. More than half of patients had dyslipidemia. More than 80% of the population were at lo

关键词： Cardiovascular Risk Equations Carotid Ultrasound Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Cardiovascular Risk and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Senegalese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis:A Cross-Sectional Study in a Single Centre

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2020年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： Baidy Sy Kane Awa Cheikh Ndao abdourahmane samba Mame Madiguène Ka Maimouna Sow Fatou Aw Mohamed Dieng Souhaibou Ndongo Mouhamadou Bamba Ndiaye Maboury Diao Abdoulaye Pouye Department of Internal Medicine Le Dantec Teaching HospitalCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal Biochemistry Laboratory Le Dantec Teaching HospitalCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal Department of Cardiology Le Dantec Teaching HospitalCheikh Anta DIOP UniversityDakarSenegal

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increasing of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Several studies showed also the increasing of the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis, but there are little data from sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and the ability of the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE) modified by European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) to predict the high CV risk in our patients. Patients and Method: We conducted a cross sectional study in Senegalese patients with RA. The RA was retained according to 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria. Patients with RA were assessed in a clinical research consultation. Results: We included 50 RA patients. The mean age was 44 years (+/- 12.37) and the sex-ratiowas 0.06. The frequency distribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was: hypertension (HT) (30%), diabetes-mellitus (6%), smoking (2%), no-exercise (22%), obesity (16%), metabolic syndrome (8%). Fifty-eight percent of patients were classified at low cardiovascular risk according to mSCORE. 51.7% of patients classified as moderate-risk according to mSCORE, were reclassified as high cardiovascular risk according to carotid ultrasound evaluation (gold-standard). The sensitivity of the mSCORE in the prediction of high CV risk was low at 20%. In the present study, the prevalence of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis was 20%. Age (>45 years) and HT were correlated to subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of atherosclerosis in RA patients was higher than expected frequency in comparison with the prevalence in Senegalese general population. We showed that CV risk was underestimated by mSCORE which had a low sensitivity in the prediction of high risk. We showed also the importanc

关键词： Rheumatoid Arthritis Subclinical Atherosclerosis Africa South of the Sahara

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Trust Evaluation Model Based on Behavior Space Classification for Ad Hoc Networks

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2012年第2期17卷 179-185页

作者： Li Yu Zuhao Liu Yuan Gao Dudu samba Department of Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Wuhan 430074China

Trust management frameworks are used to evaluate and manage trust relationships between network nodes and enhance network security. However, trust management frameworks themselves are vulnerable to attacks. Attacks against trust management frameworks are described in this paper with a trust management framework to resist them. The trustworthiness between nodes is evaluated to classify node behavior using a three-dimensional classifier based on a fuzzy integral. Different behaviors are mapped to different behavioral spaces to detect malicious nodes and identify their behavior types. The security of ad hoc networks is then improved by various measures to handle different types of malicious behavior. Simula- tions of the model on the System In The Loop （SITL） platform show that this trust management framework can separate normal nodes and malicious nodes and can distinguish different types of malicious nodes.

关键词： ad hoc networks trust routing behavior space fuzzy integral System In The Loop (SITL)

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Percutaneous pelvic osteotomy in cerebral palsy patients: Surgical technique and indications

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第4期4卷 279-286页

作者： Federico Canavese Marie Rousset Antoine samba Geraldo de Coulon Pediatric Surgery Department University Hospital Estaing Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department Geneva University Hospitals

AIM: To describe the surgical technique of and indications for percutaneous pelvic osteotomy in patients with severe cerebral ***: Twenty-one non-ambulatory children and adolescents(22 hips) were consecutively treated with percutaneous pelvic osteotomy, which was used in conjunction with varus, derotational, shortening femoral osteotomy and soft tissue release, to correct progressive hip subluxation and acetabular dysplasia. The age, gender, Gross Motor Function Classification System level, side(s) of operated hip, total time of follow-up, immediate post-operative immobilization, complications, and the need for revision surgery were recorded for all patients. RESULTS: Seventeen patients(81%) were classified as GMFCS level Ⅳ, and 4(19%) patients were classified as GMFCS level Ⅴ. At the time of surgery, the mean age was10.3 years(range: 4-15 years). The mean Reimers' migration percentage improved from 63%(range: 3%-100%) pre-operatively to 6.5%(range: 0%-70%) at the final follow-up(p < 0.05). The mean acetabular angle(AA) improved from 34.1°(range: 19°-50°) pre-operatively to 14.1°(range: 5°-27°)(P < 0.05). Surgical correction of MP and AA was comparable in hips with open(n = 14) or closed(n = 8) triradiate cartilage(P < 0.05). All operated hips were pain-free at the time of the final follow-up visit, although one patient had pain for 6 mo after surgery. We did not observe any cases of bone graft dislodgement or avascular necrosis of the femoral ***: Pelvic osteotomy through a less invasive surgical approach appears to be a valid alternative with similar outcomes to those of standard techniques. This method allows for less muscle stripping and blood loss and a shorter operating time.

关键词： Percutaneous pelvic osteotomy Cerebral palsy Hip Acetabular dysplasia Children Non-ambulatory

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Global Stability and Hopf Bifurcation for a Virus Dynamics Model with General Incidence Rate and Delayed CTL Immune Response

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Applied Mathematics 2021年第11期12卷 1038-1057页

作者： Abdoul samba Ndongo University de Nouakchott ALassriya Faculty of Sciences Department of Mathematics Nouakchott Mauritania

In this work, we investigate an HIV-1 infection model with a general incidence rate and delayed CTL immune response. The model admits three possible equilibria, an infection-free equilibrium E*0, CTL-inactivated infection equilibrium E*1 and CTL-activated infection equilibrium E*2. We prove that in the absence of CTL immune delay, the model has exactly the basic behaviour model, for all positive intracellular delays, the global dynamics are determined by two threshold parameters R0 and R1, if R0 ≤ 1, E*0 is globally asymptotically stable, if R1 ≤ 1 R0, E*1 is globally asymptotically stable and if R1 >1, E*2 is globally asymptotically stable. But if the CTL immune response delay is different from zero, then the behaviour of the model at E*2 changes completely, although R1 > 1, a Hopf bifurcation at E*2 is established. In the end, we present some numerical simulations.

关键词： Virus Dynamics Intracellular and CTL Immune Response Delays Lyapunov Function Global Asymptotic Stability Hopf Bifurcation

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Arrival Analysis of Dry Weather Sanitary Sewer Overflows

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2016年第3期6卷 462-468页

作者： Kenneth Tuffour Chris samba Facility Solution Technology Inc. BaKau Gambia

This study investigates arrivals of sanitary sewer overflows collected from a municipality. The data set consists of recorded overflows from 2011 to 2014 during dry weather. Reliability analysis is conducted upon each data set. The Weibull distribution is adopted to evaluate the data sets. The results show that the arrival of dry weather SSOs cannot be simply modeled with a Poisson process that is featured with a constant arrival rate. For annual data set, 2-parameter Weibull generally has an acceptable fitting (except 2014 data). The shape parameters are close to 1 or a little greater than 1, indicating relatively constant arrival rate or slightly increased rate. For the entire data set, the 3-parameter Weibull distribution is able to fit the data well. The shape parameter is also greater than 1. Therefore, an increased SSO arrival rate is noticed for this data set. There are needs to make more efforts in maintaining the sewer system.

关键词： Poisson Process Weibull Distribution Sanitary Sewer Overflow Shapeparameter

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Surgical advances in the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第2期5卷 124-133页

作者： Federico Canavese Marie Rousset Benoit Le Gledic Antoine samba Alain Dimeglio Pediatric Surgery Department University Hospital Estaing 63003 Clermont-Ferrand France Faculté de Médecine Université de Montpellier 34000 Montpellier France

Neuromuscular disorders are a group of diseases affecting the neuro-musculo-skeletal system. Children with neuromuscular disorders frequently develop progressive spinal deformities with cardio-respiratory compromise in the most severe cases. The incidence of neuromuscular scoliosis is variable, inversely correlated with ambulatory abilities and with a reported risk ranging from 80% to 100% in non-ambulatory patients. As surgical and peri-operative techniques have improved, more severely affected children with complex neuromuscular deformities and considerable co-morbidities are now believed to be candidates for extensive surgery for spinal deformity. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of how neuromuscular spinal deformities can affect normal spine balance and how these deformities can be treated with segmental instrumentation and sub-laminar devices. Older concepts have been integrated with newer scientific data to provide the reader with a basis for better understanding of how treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis has evolvedover the past few decades. Recent advances, as well as challenges that remain to be overcome, in the surgical treatment of neuromuscular curves with sub-laminar devices and in the management of post-operative infections are outlined.

关键词： Neuromuscular scoliosis Surgery Sublaminar bands Luque rod Unit rod

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Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Friction in Transient Two-Phase Flow with Godunov Method

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第11期5卷 1048-1058页

作者： samba Bousso Musandji Fuamba Department of CGME Polytechnique Montreal Succursale Centre Ville Montréal Canada Department of Civil Geological and Mining Engineering (CGME) Polytechnique Montreal Succursale Centre Ville Montréal Canada

Most numerical transient flow models that consider dynamic friction employ a finite differences approach or the method of characteristics. These models assume a single fluid (water only) with constant density and pressure wave velocity. But when transient flow modeling attempts to integrate the presence of air, which produces a variable density and pressure-wave velocity, the resolution scheme becomes increasingly complex. Techniques such as finite volumes are often used to improve the quality of results because of their conservative form. This paper focuses on a resolution technique for unsteady friction using the Godunov approach in a finite volume method employing single-equivalent twophase flow equations. The unsteady friction component is determined by taking into account local and convective instantaneous accelerations and the sign of both convective acceleration and velocity values. The approach is used to reproduce a set of transient flow experiments reported in the literature, and good agreement between simulated and experimental results is found.

关键词： Finite Volume Godunov Method Transient Flow Two Phase Flow Unsteady Friction

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