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Id.ntifying Sustainable Practices for Tapping and Sap Collection from Birch Trees: Optimum Timing of Tapping Initiation and the Volume of nonconductive Wood Associated with Taphole Wounds

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 237-246页

作者： abby k. van d.n berg Mark.L. Isselhardt Timothy d. Perk.ns Proctor Maple Research Center The University of Vermont Underhill VT USA The University of Vermont Extension Underhill VT USA

Experiments were conducted to determine two pieces of information essential to id.ntify practices necessary to ensure tapping trees for birch sap collection is both sustainable and profitable—the selection of the time to initiate tapping birch trees to obtain maximum yields, and the volume of nonconductive wood (nCW) associated with taphole wounds in birch trees. The yields obtained from various timing treatments varied between sapflow seasons, but indicate that using test tapholes to choose the appropriate time to initiate tapping is lik.ly to result in optimum yields from birch trees. The volume of nCW associated with taphole wounds in birch trees was highly variable and generally quite large, averaging 220 times the volume of the taphole drilled, and requiring relatively high radial growth rates to maintain nCW at sustainable levels over the long-term. However, more conservative tapping practices, includ.ng reduced taphole depth and increased dropline length, as well as thinning and other stand management practices, can be used to reduce the minimum growth rates required. Producers can use this information to ensure that they use tapping practices that will result in sustainable outcomes and obtain the maximum possible sap yields from their trees.

关键词： Birch Sap Birch Syrup Maple Syrup Tapping Compartmentalization

Impact of black.cherry on ped.nculate oak.vitality in mixed forests:Balancing benefits and concerns

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第6期10卷 690-699页

作者： Ellen desie Bart Muys Jan d.n Oud.n Bart nyssen Rita Sousa-Silva Leon van d.n berg Arnold van d.n Burg Gert-Jan van duinen k.enraad van Meerbeek.Maaik. Weijters k.ren vancampenhout division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU Leuven Campus GeelKleinhoefstraat 4B-2240 GeelBelgium division Forest Nature and LandscapeKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200EBox 2411B-3001 LeuvenBelgium k. Leuven Plant Institute B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Forest Ecology and Management Group Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box 47Wageningenthe Netherlands Bosgroep Zuid.nederland Huisvenseweg 145591 VD Heezethe Netherlands Young Academy for Sustainability Research University of Freiburg79104 Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Aquatic Ecology&Environmental Biology Radboud University NijmegenHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands Biosphere/Zoological Museum netherlands Onderlangs 176731 BK Otterlothe Netherlands Stichting Bargerveen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands B-WARE Research Centre/Radboud University nijmegen Toernooiveld 16525 ED Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The vitality of European forests continues to decline due to new pests and diseases,climate-change related disturbances and high loads of atmospheric nitrogen *** soil health is a major factor underpinning the low vitality of West-European *** tree species with soil ameliorative traits is proposed as an avenue to counteract soil acidification and improve overall forest *** we evaluate the impact of black.cherry(Prunus serotina Ehrh.),a k.own rich litter species,on the vitality of neighboring ped.nculate oak.Quercus robur L.)in ten mixed forests on sand in Germany,Belgium and the *** found that black.cherry admixture increases foliar n and P to a surplus whereas it causes deficiencies in foliar Mg,thereby resulting in an overall negative effect on oak.foliar nutrient ***,defoliation of oak.leaves by herbivory decreases with the proximity of black.*** structural equation modelling(SEM),we tested the hypothesized‘improved soil health’*** analyses showed that black.cherry admixture leads to lower accumulation in the humus layer,resulting in higher soil base saturation which has a positive effect on foliar Ca yet a negative effect on total ***,the SEM illustrated that herbivory of oak.leaves decreases when black.cherry is admixed,both via dilution and improved soil *** effects of black.cherry on oak.vitality via“improved soil health”in our SEM are however small in comparison to direct ***,our study showed that the combined positive and.negative impacts of black.cherry on oak.vitality are limited,which tempers the potential benefits of using the rich litter species to counteract oak.decline via improved soil health–yet,the concern of black.cherry as an invasive alien species negatively affecting the vitality of mature ped.nculate oak.trees may also be exaggerated.

关键词： Rich litter species Black.cherry nutrient cycling Insect herbivory dilution effect Humus type Ped.nculate oak Plant-soil interaction

Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:evid.nce from brain activities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： Jianxun Yang Yunqi Liu Berry van d.n berg Susie Wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu Jun Bi State k.y Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China department of Experimental Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands department of Social Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of Education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly ***,there is still little k.own about the underlying neurocognitive *** an adapted dot-probe task.paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation *** were required to mak. responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual *** probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-hold.ng trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting *** analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evok.d lower n300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty *** the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-hold.ng trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting *** indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention *** find.ngs provide the first neuroscientific evid.nce for the distracting effect of air *** conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention disengagement Performance Event-related potential

do slope orientation and sampling location determine soil biota composition?

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第3期4卷 364-375页

作者： S.PEn-MOURATOV n.berg n.GEnZER S.Uk.BI d.SHARGIL Y.STEInbergER The Mina&Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan 52900Israel

“Evolution Canyon”is a typical Mediterranean-basin canyon with a summer dry stream at the bottom and large differences in vegetation cover and solar radiation between the north-facing slope(nFS)and the south-facing slope(SFS).It is k.own to act as an abiotic mediator influencing the community structure of soil *** aim of this study was to determine the spatial dispersion of soil microbial and free-living nematode communities in the open sites(between shrubs)in the upper(0-10 cm)soil layer at four altitudes on both *** combination of relative soil moisture availability and temperature,k.own to be one of the main triggers for soil biota activity,was explained by slope *** above-mentioned differences were found to significantly affect microbial biomass and CO_(2)evolution resulting in temporary stress,correspond.ng to higher values in metabolic quotient(qCO_(2))*** differences may represent microbial investment in energy in order to overcome stress resulting from the microclimatic differences between the two ***,the degree of substrate limitation(primary production due to the differences in plant cover)of microbial activity was explained by the difference in microbial functional *** total abund.nce of soil free-living nematodes was found to be 2-fold higher on the SFS than on the ***-nine genera,includ.ng 12 bacteria-feeders,5 fungifeeders,12 plant-parasites,and 10 omnivore-predators,were found at the study site,with 34 genera on the nFS and 29 on the *** generic diversity of the bacteriafeed.ng nematodes was higher on the SFS than on the *** study elucidates the importance of slope orientation and its effect on the structural levels of soil microbial and.nematode communities.

关键词： community structure “Evolution Canyon” free-living nematode sampling location slope orientation

determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： d.niel d.SAURETTE Asim BISWAS Richard J.HECk.Adam W.GILLESPIE Aaron A.berg School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(dSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the dSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for dSM *** propose a simple work.low and function coded in R language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and.non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(QR)for the sample plan,the d.nsities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the QR were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the QR *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the QR increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

Axonal degeneration in the anterior insular cortex is associated with Alzheimer’s co-pathology in Park.nson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

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Translational neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 129-147页

作者： Yasmine Y.Fathy Laura E.Jonk.an John J.Bol Evelien Timmermans Allert J.Jonk.r Annemiek. J.M.Rozemuller Wilma d.J.van de berg Amsterdam UMC Department of Anatomy and NeurosciencesSection Clinical Neuroanatomy and BiobankingAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije University AmsterdamO|2 Life Sciences buildingDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZ Amster-damNetherlands Amsterdam neuroscience Program NeurodegenerationAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Department of Pathol-ogyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije University AmsterdamDe BoelelaanAmsterdamNetherlands department of neurology Erasmus Medical CenterPostbus 20403000 CA RotterdamNetherlands.

Back.round:Axons,crucial for impulse transmission and cellular traffick.ng,are thought to be primary targets of neurodegeneration in Park.nson’s disease(Pd)and dementia with Lewy bodies(dLB).Axonal degeneration occurs early,preceed.ng and exceed.ng neuronal loss,and contributes to the spread of pathology,yet is poorly described outside the nigrostriatal *** insula,a cortical brain hub,was recently discovered to be highly vulnerable to pathology and plays a role in cognitive deficits in Pd and *** aim of this study was to evaluate morphological features as well as burd.n of proteinopathy and axonal degeneration in the anterior insular sub-regions in Pd,Pd with dementia(Pdd),and ***:α-Synuclein,phosphorylated(p-)tau,and amyloid-βpathology load were evaluated in the anterior insular(agranular and dysgranular)subregions of post-mortem human brains(n=27).Axonal loss was evaluated using modified Bielschowsk. silver staining and quantified using *** damage was comprehensively studied using immunofluorescent multi-labelling and 3d confocal laser-scanning ***:Compared to Pd and Pdd,dLB showed significantly higherα-synuclein and p-tau pathology load,argyrophilic grains,and more severe axonal loss,particularly in the anterior agranular ***,the dysgranular insula showed a significantly higher load of amyloid-βpathology and its axonal d.nsity correlated with cognitive performance.p-Tau contributed most to axonal loss in the dLB group,was highest in the anterior agranular insula and significantly correlated with CdR global scores for *** and myelin showed degenerative changes includ.ng swellings,demyelination,and detachment of the axon-myelin ***:Our results highlight the selective vulnerability of the anterior insular sub-regions to various converging pathologies,lead.ng to impaired axonal integrity in Pd,Pdd and dLB,disrupting their functional properties and potentially con

关键词： α-Synuclein Insular subregions Axonal length d.nsity Alzheimer’s disease pathology neurofilament Myelin

CSF total and oligomeric α-Synuclein along with TnF-α as risk.biomark.rs for Park.nson’s disease: a study in LRRk. mutation carriers

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Translational neurodegeneration 2020年第2期9卷 168-177页

作者： nour k.Majbour Jan O.Aasly Eldbjørg Hustad Mercy A.Thomas nishant n.Vaik.th naser Elk.m Wilma d.Jvan de berg Tak.hik. Tok.da Brit Mollenhauer Henk.W.Berendse Omar M.A.El-Agnaf neurological disorders Research Center Qatar Biomedical Research InstituteHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityQatar FoundationP.O.Box 5825DohaQatar department of neuroscience Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)TrondheimNorway department of neurology St.Olav’s HospitalUniversity Hospital of TrondheimTrondheimNorway Clinical Epidemiology Sidra Medical and Research CenterDohaQatar department of Anatomy and.neurosciences Neuroscience Campus AmsterdamVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands department of neurology Research Institute for GeriatricsKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto602-0841Japan Paracelsus-Elena-k.inik KlinikstraßeKasseland University Medical Center GöttingenDepartment of NeurologyGöttingenGermany department of neurology Amsterdam UMClocation VU University Medical CentreAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Back.round Asymptomatic carriers of leucine-rich repeat k.nase 2(LRRk.)gene mutations constitute an ideal population for discovering prodromal biomark.rs of Park.nson’s disease(Pd).In this study,we aim to id.ntify CSF candidate risk.biomark.rs of Pd in individuals with LRRk. mutation *** We measured the levels of CSF total-(t-),oligomeric(o-)and phosphorylated S129(pS129-)α-syn,total-tau(tTau),phosphorylated threonine 181 tau(pTau),amyloid-beta 40(Aβ-40),amyloid-beta-42(Aβ-42)and 40 inflammatory chemok.nes in symptomatic(n=23)and asymptomatic(n=51)LRRk. mutation carriers,subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Pd.n=60)and age-matched healthy controls(n=34).General linear models corrected for age and gender were performed to assess differences in CSF biomark.rs between the *** that varied significantly between the groups were then analyzed using back.ard-elimination logistic regression analysis to id.ntify an ideal biomark.rs panel of prodromal *** discriminant function analysis revealed low levels of CSF t-α-syn,high levels of CSF o-α-syn and TnF-αbest discriminated asymptomatic LRRk. mutation carriers from both symptomatic Pd and healthy *** the discriminative power using receiver operating curve analysis,an area under the curve>0.80 was *** The current study suggests that CSF t-,o-α-syn and TnF-αare candidate risk.biomark.rs for the detection of Pd at the prodromal *** find.ngs also highlight the d.namic interrelationships between CSF proteins and the importance of using a biomark.rs’panel approach for an accurate and timely diagnosis of Pd.

关键词： Park.nson's disease LRRk. mutation carriers Alpha-synuclein oligomers Biomark.rs Inflammatory mark.rs

Soft monolithic infrared.neural interface for simultaneous neurostimulation and electrophysiology

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1103-1116页

作者： Marcello Meneghetti Jaspreet k.ur k.nyang Sui Jak.b F.Sørensen Rune W.berg Christos Mark.s dTU Electro Department of Electrical and Photonics EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark department of neuroscience University of CopenhagenBlegdamsvej 3BDK-2200 Kbh NCopenhagenDenmark nORBLIS ApS Virumgade 35DDK-2830 VirumDenmark

Controlling neuronal activity using implantable neural interfaces constitutes an important tool to understand and develop novel strategies against brain *** neurostimulation is a promising alternative to optogenetics for controlling the neuronal circuitry with high spatial ***,bi-directional interfaces capable of simultaneously delivering infrared light and record.ng electrical signals from the brain with minimal inflammation have not yet been ***,we have developed a soft fibre-based device using high-performance polymers which are>100-fold softer than conventional silica glass used in standard optical *** developed implant is capable of stimulating the brain activity in localized cortical domains by delivering laser pulses in the 2μm spectral region while record.ng electrophysiological *** and local field potentials were recorded in vivo from the motor cortex and hippocampus in acute and chronic settings,*** analysis of the brain tissue indicated insignificant inflammatory response to the infrared pulses while the signal-to-noise ratio of record.ngs still remained *** neural interface constitutes a step forward in expand.ng infrared.neurostimulation as a versatile approach for fundamental research and clinically translatable therapies.

关键词： neural stimulation record.ng

Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2012年第5期4卷 103-108页

作者： Taher Abu Hejleh Barry R deYoung Eric Engelman Jeremy M deutsch Bridget Zimmerman Thorvardur R Halfd.narson d.niel J berg k.lpaj R Parek. William R Lynch Mark.d Iannettoni Sudershan Bhatia Gerald Clamon division of Hematology Oncology and Marrow TransplantationDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics200 Hawkins DriveC32 GHIowa CityIA 52242-1081United States department of Pathology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics200 Hawkins Drive5238C RCPIowa CityIA 52242-1081United States department of Biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of Iowa200 Hawkins DriveN377 CPHBIowa CityIA 52242-1081United States department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics200 Hawkins DriveSE514 GHIowa CityIA 52242-1081United States department of Radiation Oncology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics200 Hawkins Drive1624 PFPIowa CityIA 52242-1081United States

AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following ***:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and *** analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical *** brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FdA approved dAk. Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were *** age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received.neoadjuvant *** complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) *** relapsed in 43/142(30%) *** brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).COnCLUSIOn:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk.of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following *** studies will be required to validate this observation.

关键词： Esophageal neoplasm Esophageal cancer HER-2 Genes,erbB-2 Brain neoplasms Brain metastasis