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Flashback phenomenon and residual neurological deficits after the use of "bath salt" 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2014年第1期5卷 63-66页

作者： aaron r.mangold Thomas P Bravo Stephen J.Traub Steven A.Maher Christopher A.Lipinski Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic Hospital Department of Pharmacology Mayo Clinic

BACKGrOUND: The use and abuse of designer drugs has been recognized for decades; however there are many derivatives of compounds that make their way into the community. Abuse of compound(s) known on the street as "bath salt" is on the rise.METHODS: We report the case of a 33-year-old man who complained of "flashbacks" and right arm shaking that followed a night of "bath salt" snorting. The active compound methylenedioxypyrovalerone methamphetamine(MDPV) was confirmed; however, analysis of three different "bath salt" products showed difference in their active components.rESULTS: The patient's symptoms remained stable and he was discharged home after observation in the emergency department with instructions to return for any symptom progression.CONCLUSION: Practitioners should be aware of the abuse of the compounds and that not all "bath salt" products contain MDPV.

关键词： residual neurological deficits Methylenedioxypyrovalerone methamphetamine Emergency Department

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Elevated Birth rates in CD62L (L-Selectin)-Deficient BALB/c Mice: Potential Involvement of NK Cells

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Open Journal of Immunology 2014年第4期4卷 148-156页

作者： Balint Farkas Jozsef Bodis aaron r. mangold Adrienn Angyal Ferenc Boldizsar Katalin Mikecz Tibor T. Glant Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Pecs Clinical Center Pécs Hungary Section of Molecular Medicine Department of Orthopedic Surgery Biochemistry Internal Medicine (Section of Rheumatology) at Rush University Medical Center Chicago USA Janos Szentagothai research Centre University of Pecs Pécs Hungary Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic Scottsdale USA Department of Cardiovascular Science University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Department of Immunology and Biotechnology University of Pecs Pécs Hungary

Background: L-selectin (CD62L) is a cell surface adhesion molecule recently shown to play a critical role in determining endometrial receptivity and implantation in humans. By contrast, the L-selectin ligand is missing from the rodent endometrium. Interestingly, CD62L (L-selectin)-deficient BALB/c mice delivered significantly higher numbers of viable offspring than wild type controls via mechanisms yet to be defined. Methods: Nulliparous CD62L-deficient (8-10-week-old, n = 25) or wild type (n = 18) females were mated with 43 age-matched males. Animals were sacrificed at gestational day (GD) 9.5. Tissue samples were analyzed by immunostaining and flow cytometry. results: Mating wild type and CD62L-deficient BALB/c mice revealed that the increased birth rate was due to the CD62L deficiency in females. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated significant differences in the number of natural killer (NK) cells present in the uterus of pregnant CD62L- deficient mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry confirmed NK cell accumulation at the fetal-maternal interface. Discussion: Uterine NK cells have been shown to peak at GD 8-10 at the fetal-maternal interface. NK cells might regulate mouse fertility rates by facilitating development of the maternal spiral arteries, thereby stimulating the formation of larger vessels that facilitate intrauterine survival, however, their role is not obligate to spiral artery development. Conclusions: Diminished CD62L expression modified immune cell trafficking into the uterus of pregnant mice generating a microenvironment primarily dominated by NK cells resulting in improved embryonic survival rates.

关键词： L-Selectin Pregnancy BALB/c CD62L NK Cells Lymphocyte Homing

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