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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2022年第3期3卷 88-95页

作者： aaron r brenner Passisd Laoveeravat Patrick J Carey Danielle Joiner Samuel H Mardini Manol Jovani Department of Internal Medicine University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKENTUCKY 40536United States Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of Kentucky Albert B.Chandler HospitalLexingtonKY 40536United States

While cholangiocarcinoma represents only about 3%of all gastrointestinal tumors,it has a dismal survival rate,usually because it is diagnosed at a late *** utilization of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in medicine in general,and in gastroenterology has made gigantic ***,the application of AI for biliary disease,in particular for cholangiocarcinoma,has been *** use of AI in combination with clinical data,cross-sectional imaging(computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging)and endoscopy(endoscopic ultrasound and cholangioscopy)has the potential to significantly improve early diagnosis and the choice of optimal therapeutic options,leading to a transformation in the prognosis of this feared *** this review we summarize the current knowledge on the use of AI for the diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma and point to future directions in the field.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Artificial intelligence Cholangioscopy Artificial neural network Machine learning Therapeutic endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasound

Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael r.Bedford Birger Svihus aaron J.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMr-based metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu aaron M.Watson Justin Yost T.Gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden Michael r.Denson Marine resources research Institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Bozeman Fish Technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Hollings Marine Laboratory

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate(FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine supplementation(1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up of equal parts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMr)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics(Pr hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets(Prent supplementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance red drum Soybean meal N-Formimino-L-glutamate

Artificial intelligence for pancreatic cancer detection: recent development and future direction

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2021年第2期2卷 56-68页

作者： Passisd Laoveeravat Priya r Abhyankar aaron r brenner Moamen M Gabr Fadlallah G Habr Amporn Atsawarungruangkit Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40536United States Department of Internal Medicine University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Gastroenterology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States

Artificial intelligence(AI)has been increasingly utilized in medical applications,especially in the field of *** can assist gastroenterologists in imaging-based testing and prediction of clinical diagnosis,for examples,detecting polyps during colonoscopy,identifying small bowel lesions using capsule endoscopy images,and predicting liver diseases based on clinical *** its high mortality rate,pancreatic cancer can highly benefit from AI since the early detection of small lesion is difficult with conventional imaging techniques and current *** ultrasound(EUS)is a main diagnostic tool with high sensitivity for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cystic *** standard tumor markers have not been effective for *** have been recent research studies in AI application in EUS and novel biomarkers to early detect and differentiate malignant pancreatic *** findings are impressive compared to the available traditional ***,we aim to explore the utility of AI in EUS and novel serum and cyst fluid biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Deep learning Endoscopic ultrasound microrNA Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cyst

Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAUrETTE Asim BISWAS richard J.HECK Adam W.GILLESPIE aaron A.BErG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in r language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(Qr)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the Qr were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the Qr *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the Qr increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph rich Brian Cole Teng Li Brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang ruoyu Zhong James L.Doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian aaron D.Franklin Tony Jun Huang Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan Department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

Integrated proteomic profiling identifies amino acids selectively cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 138-145页

作者： Alfred Akinlalu Zachariah Flaten Komila rasuleva Md Saimon Mia aaron Bauer Santhalingam Elamurugan Nega Ejjigu Sudipa Maity Amara Arshad Min Wu Wenjie Xia Jia Fan Ang Guo Sijo Mathew Dali Sun Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Denver2155 E Wesley AvenueDenverCO 80210USA Biomedical Engineering Program North Dakota State University1401 Centennial BoulevardEngineering AdministrationRoom 203FargoND 58102USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyNorth Dakota State University1001 S.1401 Albrecht Boulevard Sudro HallFargoND 58102USA Materials and Nanotechnology Program North Dakota State University1410 North 14th AvenueCIE 201FargoND 58102USA Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging University of Denver2155 E Wesley AvenueDenverCO 80210USA

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the most deadly cancers,characterized by extremely limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis,as it is often diagnosed during late disease *** and selective treatments are urgently needed,since current therapies have limited efficacy and significant side *** proteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles,we discovered an imbalanced distribution of amino acids secreted by PDAC tumor *** findings revealed that PDAC cells preferentially excrete proteins with certain preferential amino acids,including isoleucine and histidine,via extracellular *** amino acids are associated with disease progression and can be targeted to elicit selective toxicity to PDAC tumor *** in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that supplementation with these specific amino acids effectively eradicated PDAC ***,we also identified XrN1 as a potential target for these amino *** high selectivity of this treatment method allows for specific targeting of tumor metabolism with very low toxicity to normal ***,we found this treatment approach is easy-to-administer and with sustained tumor-killing ***,our findings reveal that exocytosed amino acids may serve as therapeutic targets for designing treatments of intractable PDAC and potentially offer alternative treatments for other types of cancers.

关键词： finding identif selectivity

Mitomycin C and capecitabine: An additional option as an advanced line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第11期15卷 1913-1924页

作者： Gil Mullin Michal Sternschuss Yosef Landman aaron Sulkes Baruch brenner Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Institute of Oncology Davidoff Cancer CenterBeilinson CampusPetah-Tikva 4941492Israel

BACKGrOUND In recent years survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCrC),though still limited,has improved significantly;clearly,when the disease becomes refractory to standard regimens,additional treatment options are *** have shown that mitomycin C(MMC),an antitumor antibiotic,and capecitabine,a precursor of 5-fluorouracil,may act synergistically in *** efficacy of MMC/capecitabine has been demonstrated in the first-line setting,but only a few small studies have tested it in the advanced-line setting,with contradictory *** a median of 2 MMC/capecitabine cycles(range 0.5-9.0).Thirty-four patients(28.6%)experienced grade≥3 toxicity,including 2(1.7%)with grade 4;there was no drug-related *** objective response rate was 0.8%,and the disease control rate,24.4%.Median progression-free survival(PFS)was 2.1 mo(range 0.2-20.3),and median overall survival,4.8 mo(range 0.2-27.5).The 6-month overall survival rate was 44%;8.7%of patients remained *** associated with longer PFS were lower gamma-glutamyl transferase level(P=0.030)and primary tumor location in the left colon(P=0.017).Factors associated with longer overall survival were lower gamma-glutamyl transferase level(P=0.022),left-colon tumor location(P=0.044),low-to-moderate histological grade(P=0.012),Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1(P=0.036),and normal bilirubin level(P=0.047).CONCLUSION MMC/capecitabine is an active,available,and relatively safe regimen for use beyond standard lines of therapy in *** clinical and laboratory parameters can identify patients more likely to benefit.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Metastatic cancer Chemotherapy Mitomycin C/Capecitabine Advanced line treatment

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ArS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand P.Sharda Mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.James Shivana M.Lightman Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany r.Emmons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew M.Intlekofer richard M.Higashi Teresa W.M.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ArS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mrNAs and affected approximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** these effects,the CD28-ArS2 axis suppressed the expression of the M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K pathway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mrNA splicing CD8 T cells ArS2 PKM2

The HIF-1α/PLOD2 axis integrates extracellular matrix organization and cell metabolism leading to aberrant musculoskeletal repair

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Bone research 2024年第2期12卷 289-301页

作者： Heeseog Kang Amy L.Strong Yuxiao Sun Lei Guo Conan Juan Alec C.Bancroft Ji Hae Choi Chase A.Pagani Aysel A.Fernandes Michael Woodard Juhoon Lee Sowmya ramesh aaron W.James David Hudson Kevin N.Dalby Lin Xu robert J.Tower Benjamin Levi Center for Organogenesis Regeneration and TraumaDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Section of Plastic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Quantitative Biomedical research Center Peter O’Donnell Jr.School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA

While hypoxic signaling has been shown to play a role in many cellular processes,its role in metabolism-linked extracellular matrix(ECM)organization and downstream processes of cell fate after musculoskeletal injury remains to be ***(HO)is a debilitating condition where abnormal bone formation occurs within extra-skeletal *** andhypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)activation have been shown to promote ***,the underlying molecular mechanisms bywhich the HIF-1αpathway in mesenchymal progenitor cells(MPCs)contributes to pathologic bone formation remain to ***,we used a proven mouse injury-induced HO model to investigate the role of HIF-1αon aberrant cell ***-cell rNA sequencing(scrNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics analyses of the HO site,we found that collagen ECM organizationis the most highly up-regulated biological process in *** mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of Hif1α(Hoxa11-CreEr^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl))significantly mitigated HO in ***-seq analysis of these Hoxa11-CreEr^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl)mice identified the PLOD2/LOXpathway for collagen cross-linking as downstream of the HIF-1αregulation of ***,our scrNA-seq data and mechanisticstudies further uncovered that glucose metabolism in MPCs is most highly impacted by HIF-1α*** a translational aspect,a pan-LOX inhibitor significantly decreased HO.A newly screened compound revealed that the inhibition of PLOD2 activity in MPCssignificantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and glycolytic *** suggests that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX axis linked tometabolism regulates HO-forming MPC *** results suggest that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX pathway represents a promisingstrategy to mitigate HO formation.

关键词： metabolism skeletal aberrant

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