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Regulation of drug metabolism and toxicity by multiple factors of genetics,epigenetics,lncRNAs,gut microbiota,and diseases:a meeting report of the 21st International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations(MDO)

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Acta pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第2期7卷 241-248页

作者： Ai-Ming Yu Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg Nathan J.Cherrington Lauren M.Aleksunes Ulrich M.Zanger Wen Xie Hyunyoung Jeong Edward M.Morgan peter J.Turnbaugh Curtis D.Klaassen aadra p.bhatt Matthew R.Redinbo pengying Hao David J.Waxman Li Wang Xiao-bo Zhong Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of California at Davis Department of physiology and pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Department of pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of Arizona Department of pharmacology and Toxicology School of PharmacyRutgers University Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical pharmacology Eberhard Karls University Center of pharmacogenomics and Department of pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Pittsburgh Department of pharmacy practice School of PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Department of pharmacology School of MedicineEmory University Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the George William Hooper Research Foundation University of California at San Francisco Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Biology and Bioinformatics program Boston University Department of physiology and Neurobiology University of Connecticut Department of pharmaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyUniversity of Connecticut

Variations in drug metabolism may alter drug efficacy and cause toxicity;better understanding of the mechanisms and risks shall help to practice precision *** the 21 st International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations held in Davis,California,USA,in October 2-6,2016,a number of speakers reported some new findings and ongoing studies on the regulation mechanisms behind variable drug metabolism and toxicity,and discussed potential implications to personalized medications.A considerably insightful overview was provided on genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression involved in drug absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME) and drug *** drug metabolism and disposition as well as molecular mechanisms among diseased and special populations were *** addition,the roles of gut microbiota in drug metabolism and toxicology as well as long non-coding RNAs in liver functions and diseases were *** findings may offer new insights into improved understanding of ADME regulatory mechanisms and advance drug metabolism research.

关键词： Drug metabolism and toxicity Genetics Epigenetics Gut microbiota Long non-coding RNAs Disease personalized medication

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An enhanced method for predicting and analysing forest fires using an attention-based CNN model

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 115-127页

作者： Shaifali bhatt Usha Chouhan Department of Mathematics Bioinformatics and Computer ApplicationsMANIT BhopalBhopalIndia

prediction,prevention,and control of forest fires are crucial on at all *** effective fire detection systems can aid in their *** study proposes a novel CNN(convolutional neural network)using an attention blocks module which combines an attention module with numerous input layers to enhance the performance of neural *** suggested model focuses on predicting the damage affected/burned areas due to possible wildfires and evaluating the multilateral interactions between the pertinent *** results show the impacts of CNN using attention blocks for feature extraction and to better understand how ecosystems are affected by meteorological *** selected meteorological data,RMSE 12.08 and MAE 7.45 values provide higher predictive power for selecting relevant and necessary features to provide optimal performance with less operational and computational *** findings show that the suggested strategy is reliable and effective for planning and managing fire-prone regions as well as for predicting forest fire damage.

关键词： CNN Attention module Fire prediction Ecosystem Damage prediction

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performance of insulated FRp-strengthened concrete flexural members under fire conditions

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 177-193页

作者： pratik p.bhatt Venkatesh K.R.KODUR Anuj M.SHAKYA Tarek ALKHRDAJI Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA Structural Technologies A Structural Group Company ColumbiaMD 21046USA

This paper presents the results of fire resistance tests on carbon fiber-reinforced polymer(CFRp)strengthened concrete flexural members,i.e.,T-beams and *** strengthened members were protected with fire insulation and tested under the combined effects of thermal and structural *** variables considered in the tests include the applied load level,extent of strengthening,and thickness of the fire insulation applied to the beams and ***,a previously developed numerical model was validated against the data generated from the fire tests;subsequently,it was utilized to undertake a case *** from fire tests and numerical studies indicate that owing to the protection provided by the fire insulation,the insulated CFRp-strengthened beams and slabs can withstand four and three hours of standard fire exposure,respectively,under service load *** insulation layer impedes the temperature rise in the member;therefore,the CFRp-concrete composite action remains active for a longer duration and the steel reinforcement temperature remains below 400°C,which in turn enhances the capacity of the beams and slabs.

关键词： concrete beams concrete slabs carbon fiber-reinforced polymers fire resistance FRp strengthening repair retrofitting

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Evaluation of Human Impacts on Bartlett pond Ecosystem, Laredo, Southern Texas, USA, through Empirical Modeling

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Journal of Environmental protection 2024年第4期15卷 497-526页

作者： Maya p. bhatt Amede Rubio Ganesh B. Malla Cristobal Lopez Virginia Morales Erick Vazquez Cano David Marquez Orlando Berumen Alvarez Alfred Addo-Mensah Department of Biology and Chemistry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA Department of Mathematics Computer Geology and Physics University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Batavia USA

The trace elements chemistry of Bartlett pond, a small shallow wetland pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, was sampled to evaluate the dynamics of trace elements impacts on water quality and ecosystems ecology of the pond. Two types of fish (bass and tilapia) were also sampled to see the trace element accumulation in different parts of their body. The concentrations of trace elements in water samples were found in the following order: Fe ≫Sb > pb > As ≫Co > Tl > Cr > Cd within Bartlett pond. Overall, the water quality of the pond is unacceptable for drinking and any other purposes as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Cr, pb, Fe, Sb and Tl) are exceedingly higher (several fold) than the WHO and US EpA guidelines. predictive and correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhibit a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and biogeochemical processes regulate these trace elements within the pond. Distributions of the trace elements in water exhibit different shapes mostly as positively skewed distribution for As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Tl, symmetrical distribution for Fe and almost symmetrical distribution for pb and Sb. Concentrations of As, Co and Tl accumulated much higher in different parts of the Bass than Tilapia fish. The concentrations of As, Tl, Co, and Sb appeared significantly higher in different parts of the body of both Bass and Tilapia than the maximum SRM certified values. Accumulation of these contaminants in fish tissues pose increased health risks to humans who consume these contaminated fish although fishing is prohibited. Anthropogenic activities in the region primarily degrade the whole pond ecosystem ecology of the Bartlett pond and waters of this pond to be not recommended for any use. These findings may be useful for the scientific community and concerned authorities to improve understanding about these precious natural resources and conservation of the ecosystem ecology.

关键词： Trace Elements Bartlett pond Laredo Southern Texas Wetlands Ecosystem Ecology

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Efficacy of a Diabetes Specific Nutritional Supplement (DSNS) on Glycemic Response in prediabetic Adults: A Two-Armed, Open-Labelled Randomized Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 612-643页

作者： Deepti Khanna Kejal Joshi Reddy Hema S. Gopalan Jaladhi bhatt Jayanti Gupta Simran Sethi parth Joshi Manoj pareek Department of R&D Hindustan Unilever Limited Gurugram India Mumbai India Cliantha Research Ahmedabad India

It is well known that Diabetes Specific Nutritional Supplements (DSNSs) are linked to improved glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. However, data on efficacy of DSNSs in prediabetics is limited. This was a two-armed, open-labelled, randomized controlled six-week study on 199 prediabetics [30 - 65 years;Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) 5.7% - 6.4% and/or Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) 100-125 mg/dl]. Two parallel phases were conducted: Acute Blood Glucose Response (ABGR) and Intervention phase. prediabetic participants were randomized into test (n = 100) and control (n = 99). The primary objective was to assess the ABGR of DSNS versus an isocaloric snack, measured by incremental Area under the Curve (iAUC). Test and control received 60 g of DSNS and 56 g of isocaloric snack (cornflakes) respectively, both in 250 ml double-toned milk on visit days 1, 15, 29 and 43. postprandial Blood Glucose (ppG) was estimated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. During the 4 weeks intervention phase, the test group received DSNS with lifestyle counselling (DSNS + LC) and was compared with the control receiving lifestyle counselling alone (LC alone). Impact was studied on FBG, HbA1C, anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, nutrient intake, and physical activity. The impact of DSNS was also studied using CGM between two 14-day phases: CGM1 baseline (days 1 - 14) and CGM2 endline (days 28 - 42). DSNS showed significantly lower ppG versus isocaloric snack at 30 (p 12, and chromium were reported by DSNS + LC versus LC alone. No other significant changes were reported between groups. It may be concluded that DSNS may be considered as a snack for prediabetic or hyperglycemic individuals requiring nutritional support for improved glycemic control.

关键词： Diabetes Specific Nutritional Supplement prediabetes Acute Blood Glucose Response Incremental Area under Curve Lifestyle Counselling

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provenance discrimination and Source-to-Sink studies from a dryland fluvial regime:An example from Kachchh,western India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 99-109页

作者： S.p.pRIZOMWALA Nilesh bhatt N.BASAVAIAH Institute of Seismological Research Department of Geology The M.S.University of Baroda Indian Institute of Geomagnetism

Tracing the sediment delivery from its source terrain to its ultimate sink envisage multiple factors that play a vital role in understanding present day erosional *** accomplish this,it is significant to distinguish the variable end-members contributing to the *** findings from the study of dryland coastal fluvial regime in Kachchh(Western India),which is one of the end members contributing to the Gulf of Kachchh coast(partial sink) and finally to the Arabian Sea(ultimate sink) have been presented ***-proxy sediment provenance proxies such as grain-size,clay minerals,geochemistry and magnetic minerals have been employed to evaluate the provenance discriminating characteristics of the Kachchh dryland fluvial system and factors influencing *** results of different proxies indicate that the provenance signatures of uplands are quite characteristic with magnetic susceptibility(χ) values of probably reflect the interplay between land and sea *** sources of sediments within catchment scale were identified,viz.,upland sedimentary rocks(Juran and Bhuj Formation sandstone-shale) and middle reaches volcanic(Deccan Trap Formation basalt) *** present study draw cautions in provenance of sediment discrimination in areas influenced by Deccan basalt that has the overwhelming sediment delivery and a comparatively subdued effects of other provenance *** studied proxies of mineralogy of clays,magnetic minerals and geochemistry of heavy and major elements serve as the potential for fingerprint of sediment source regions and hence behold a strong position in source to sink studies globally.

关键词： provenance Source-to-sink Heavy minerals Clay minerals Kachchh

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physical properties of lunar craters

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第3期17卷 23-38页

作者： Maitri p. Joshi Kushal R bhatt Rajmal Jain Shri Maneklal M.patel Institute of Sciences and Research Kadi Sarva VishwavidhyalayaGandhinagar-382015India

The surface of the Moon is highly cratered due to impacts of meteorites, asteroids, comets and other celestial objects. The origin, size, structure, age and composition vary among craters. We study a total of 339 craters observed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera （LROC）. Out of these 339 craters, 214 craters are known （named craters included in the IAU Gazetteer of planetary Nomenclature） and 125 craters are unknown （craters that are not named and objects that are absent in the IAU Gazetteer）. We employ images taken by LROC at the North and South poles and near side of the Moon. We report for the first time the study of unknown craters, while we also review the study of known craters conducted earlier by previous researchers. Our study is focused on measurements of diameter, depth, latitude and longitude of each crater for both known and unknown craters. The diameter measurements are based on considering the Moon to be a spherical body. The LROC website also provides a plot which enables us to measure the depth and diameter. We found that out of 214 known craters, 161 craters follow a linear relationship between depth （d） and diameter （D）, but 53 craters do not follow this linear relationship. We study physical dimensions of these 53 craters and found that either the depth does not change significantly with diameter or the depths are extremely high relative to diameter （conical）. Similarly, out of 125 unknown craters, 78 craters follow the linear relationship between depth （d） and diameter （D） but 47 craters do not follow the linear relationship. We propose that the craters following the scaling law of depth and diameter, also popularly known as the linear relationship between d and D, are formed by the impact of meteorites having heavy metals with larger dimension, while those with larger diameter but less depth are formed by meteorites/celestial objects having low density material but larger diameter. The craters with very high depth and with very small d

关键词： Moon meteorites meteors meteoroids- planets and satellites: surfaces

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Thermophysical properties of iridium at finite temperature

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Chinese physics B 2016年第11期25卷 404-411页

作者： priyank Kumar N K bhatt p R Vyas V B Gohel Department of Science Government PolytechnicGandhinagar Department of physics Sardar Patel University Department of physics School of Science Gujarat University

The bulk properties of materials in an extreme environment such as high temperature and high pressure can be understood by studying anharmonic effects due to the vibration of lattice ions and thermally excited *** this spirit,in the present paper,anharmonic effects are studied by using the recently proposed mean-field potential（MFp） approach and Mermin functional which arise due to the vibration of lattice ions and thermally excited electrons,*** MFp experienced by a wanderer atom in the presence of surrounding atoms is constructed in terms of cold energy using the local form of the *** have calculated the temperature variation of several thermophysical properties in an extreme environment up to melting *** results of our calculations are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings as well as the theoretical results obtained by using first principle *** conclude that presently used conjunction scheme（MFp＋pseudo potential） is simple computationally,transparent physically,and accurate in the sense that the results generated are comparable and sometimes better than the results obtained by first principle *** pseudopotential used is transferable to extreme environment without adjusting its parameters.

关键词： extreme experienced melting presently excited thermally sometimes understood comparable conclude

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Eu(Ⅲ) Indirect probe to Investigate Interaction of DOpA (3,4,Di-Hydroxyphenylalanine) and Dopamine (3,4-Dihydroxy phenyl Ethyl Amine) Using Electrochemical Methods

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 653-658页

作者： prashant N bhatt Trupti V pathak Jignasu p Mehta G.Ramchandraiha Department of Chemistry Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar-364002 India Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute Waghavadi RoadBhavnagar-364002India

Eu（ Ⅲ ） can be utilized as an indirect electrochemical probe to investigate the interaction of bio-molecules such as DOpA and Dopamine with Ca（ Ⅱ ） in vitro. The interaction of DOpA and Dopamine with Eu（ Ⅲ ）-Eu（ Ⅱ ） redox pair was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Both the neurotransmitters are structurally related and undergo interaction with Eu （Ⅲ ）. Eu （ Ⅲ ） coordinates with DOpA and Dopamine through five-member chelate tings via carboxylic oxygen and amino nitrogen. The electrode kinetic parameters viz, transfer coefficient （αna）, diffusion coefficient （D）, forward heterogeneous rate constant （ k^0 fh） were evaluated for Eu（ Ⅲ ）-DOpA/Eu（ Ⅲ ）-Dopamine. The results obtained were used to investigate the nature of interaction of Eu （Ⅲ） with muhi-donor biomolecules. The possible mechanism was also proposed.

关键词： electrochemistry of Eu ( Ⅲ ) chrono techniques electrochemistry of Eu ( Ⅲ )-neurotransmitters solutionstudy rare earths

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Efficacy of a Diabetes Specific Nutrition Supplement on Glycemic, Anthropometric, Dietary and Gut Health Markers in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: An RCT

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 846-867页

作者： Deepti Khanna Hema S. Gopalan Kuzhandaivelu Abirami Vasudevan Sudha Rajagopal Gayatri Kejal Joshi-Reddy Jaladhi bhatt Raman Ganesh Jeevan Karthikeyan parkavi Vadivel Deepika Manoj pareek Ranjit Mohan Anjana Viswanathan Mohan R&D Department Hindustan Unilever Limited Gurugram India Department of Foods Nutrition & Dietetics Research Madras Diabetes Research Foundation Chennai India Department of Diabetology Dr. Mohans Diabetes Specialities Centre Chennai India

With increasing incidence of diabetes, use of diabetes specific nutrition supplements (DSNS) is common for better management of the disease. To study effect of 12-week DSNS supplementation on glycemic markers, anthropometry, lipid profile, SCFAs, and gut microbiome in individuals with diabetes. Markers studied were glycemic [Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), post prandial Glucose (ppG), HbA1c, Incremental Area under curve (iAUC), Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE), Time in/above Range (TIR/TAR)], anthropometry [weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)], lipid profile, diet and gut health [plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)]. N = 210 adults were randomized to receive either DSNS with standard care (DSNS + SC;n = 105) or standard care alone (SC alone;n = 105). After 12 weeks, significant differences between DSNS + SC versus SC alone was observed in FBG [−3 ± 6 vs 14 ± 6 mg/dl;p = 0.03], ppG [−35 ± 9 vs −3 ± 9 mg/dl;p = 0.01], weight [−0.6 ± 0.1 vs 0.2 ± 0.1 kg;p = 0.0001], BMI [−0.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.1 ± 0.1 kg/m2;p = 0.0001] and WC [−0.3 ± 0.2 vs 0.2 ± 0.2 cm;p = 0.01]. HbA1C and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly reduced in DSNS + SC [−0.2 ± 0.9;p = 0.04 and −5 mg/dl;p = 0.03] respectively with no change in control. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) reported significant differences between DSNS + SC versus SC alone for mean glucose [−12 ± 65 vs 28 ± 93 mg/dl;p p = 0.04], TAR 250 [−3 ± 27 vs 9 ± 38 mg/dl;p = 0.05], iAUC [−192 (1.1) vs −48 (1.1) mg/dl;p = 0.03]. MAGE was significantly reduced for both DSNS + SC (−19 ± 67;p p = 0.04), with reduction being more pronounced for DSNS + SC. DSNS + SC reported a decrease in carbohydrate energy % [−9.4 (−11.3, −7.6) %;p p p protein energy % [0.9 (0.5, 1.3) %;p ported signi

关键词： Diabetes Specific Nutrition Supplement Standard of Care Diabetes Glycemic Markers HbA1C

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