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Central serotonergic and noradrenergic receptors in functional dyspepsia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2681-2687页

作者： S O'Mahony TG Dinan PW Keeling asb chua Department of Psychiatry and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Ireland Department of Medicine Trinity College Dublin Ireland Ipoh Gastro Centre Ipoh PerakMalaysia

Functional dyspepsia is a symptom complex characterised by upper abdominal discomfort or pain, early satiety, motor abnormalities, abdominal bloating and nausea in the absence of organic disease. The central nervous system plays an important role in the conducting and processing of visceral signals. Alterations in brain processing of pain, perception and affective responses may be key factors in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Central serotonergic and noradrenergic receptor systems are involved in the processing of motor, sensory and secretory activities of the gastrointestinal tract. Visceral hypersensitivity is currently regarded as the mechanism responsible for both motor alterations and abdominal pain in functional dyspepsia. Some studies suggest that there are alterations in central serotonergic and noradrenergic systems which may partially explain some of the symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Alterations in the autonomic nervous system may be implicated in the motor abnormalities and increases in visceral sensitivity in these patients. Noradrenaline is the main neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system and again alterations in the functioning of this system may lead to changes in motor function. Functional dyspepsia causes considerable burden on the patient and society. The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia is not fully understood but alterations in central processing by the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems may provide plausible explanations for at least some of the symptoms and offer possible treatment targets for the future.

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Serotonin Nor- adrenaline Gastrointestinal disorders

Effect of Co on Solidification Characteristics and Microstructural Transformation of Non-equilibrium Solidified Cu-Ni Alloys

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第2期39卷 444-453页

作者：安红恩 Bih-Lii chua Ismail Saad Willey Yun Hsien Liew Materials Engineering Research Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity Malaysia Sabah88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Huanghe Jiaotong UniversityJiaozuo 454950China Henan Engineering Technology Research Center on Intelligent Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Jiaozuo 454950China Centre of Research in Energy and Advanced Materials Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia Nano Engineering and Materials Research group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity Malaysia Sabah88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia

Non-equilibrium solidification structures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 alloys were prepared by the molten glass purification cycle superheating *** variation of the recalescence phenomenon with the degree of undercooling in the rapid solidification process was investigated using an infrared *** addition of the Co element affected the evolution of the recalescence phenomenon in Cu-Ni *** images of the solid-liquid interface migration during the rapid solidification of supercooled melts were captured by using a high-speed *** solidification rate of Cu-Ni alloys,with the addition of Co elements,was ***,the grain refinement structure with low supercooling was characterised using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The effect of Co on the microstructural evolution during nonequilibrium solidification of Cu-Ni alloys under conditions of small supercooling is investigated by comparing the microstructures of Cu55Ni45 and Cu55Ni43Co2 *** experimental results show that the addition of a small amount of Co weakens the recalescence behaviour of the Cu55Ni45 alloy and significantly reduces the thermal strain in the rapid solidification *** the rapid solidification phase,the thermal strain is greatly reduced,and there is a significant increase in the characteristic undercooling ***,the addition of Co and the reduction of Cu not only result in a lower solidification rate of the alloy,but also contribute to the homogenisation of the grain size.

关键词： non-equilibrium solidification recalescence effect solidification character microstructure

Advancing brain-inspired computing with hybrid neural networks

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 56-71页

作者： Faqiang Liu Hao Zheng Songchen Ma Weihao Zhang Xue Liu Yansong chua Luping Shi Rong Zhao Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research Optical Memory National Engineering Research CenterTsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co.Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired ComputingIDGMc Govern Institute for Brain Research Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Neuromorphic Computing Laboratory China Nanhu Academy of Electronics and Information Technology

Brain-inspired computing, drawing inspiration from the fundamental structure and information-processing mechanisms of the human brain, has gained significant momentum in recent years. It has emerged as a research paradigm centered on brain–computer dual-driven and multi-network integration. One noteworthy instance of this paradigm is the hybrid neural network(HNN), which integrates computer-science-oriented artificial neural networks(ANNs) with neuroscience-oriented spiking neural networks(SNNs). HNNs exhibit distinct advantages in various intelligent tasks, including perception, cognition and learning. This paper presents a comprehensive review of HNNs with an emphasis on their origin, concepts, biological perspective, construction framework and supporting systems. Furthermore, insights and suggestions for potential research directions are provided aiming to propel the advancement of the HNN paradigm.

关键词： brain-inspired computing hybrid neural network dual-brain driven multi-network integration neuromorphic system

Critical appraisal of novel prediction models and risk calculators for post-hepatectomy liver failure and complications: practicability and generalisability in the real-world setting

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 696-698页

作者： Darren Weiquan chua Yun Zhao Ye Xin Koh Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School SingaporeSingapore Liver Transplant Service SingHealth Duke-National University of Singapore Transplant CentreSingaporeSingapore

Over the last few decades,the evolution of liver resection has progressed through numerous milestones in peri-operative management,operative techniques and novel technologies that have dramatically improved patient safety and outcomes(1).Consequently,such developments have enabled surgeons to embark on liver resections of lesions in technically challenging locations,whereby extended resection or bilovascular reconstruction may be required to ensure oncologic *** the context of extended resections or resection of lesions from heavily diseased livers,concerns remain regarding the adequacy of the remnant future liver remnant(FLR)and liver function,placing patients at risk of the clinical phenomenon known as post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF).Although relatively uncommon,PHLF has a reported incidence of up to 32%in the literature and remains an important cause of post-hepatectomy morbidity and mortality(2).Presently,several definitions have been proposed to describe PHLF,the most recent of which was proposed by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery(ISGLS).In this definition,PHLF was defined as an increased international normalized ratio(INR)or hyperbilirubinemia on or after post-operative day 5,with further stratification of severity grades(A,B or C)based on the extent of clinical management(3).While definitions in PHLF assist in providing a common diagnostic framework among physicians,establishing predictors in PHLF is conceivably more helpful as it allows surgeons to have important decision-making details prior to planned liver resection.

关键词： Hepatectomy post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF) predictive model risk calculation

Numerical study of submerged bending vegetation under unidirectional flow

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Water Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 92-100页

作者： Pei-pei Zhang Yi-qing Gong Ken Vui chua Jie Dai Jing-qiao Mao College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Water Science and Technology Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAUK

Submerged vegetation commonly grows and plays a vital role in aquatic ecosystems,but it is also regarded as a barrier to the passing *** simulations of flow through and over submerged vegetation were carried out to investigate the effect of vegetation density on flow *** simulations were computationally set up to replicate flume experiments,in which vegetation was mimicked with flexible plastic *** fluid-structure interaction between flow and flexible vegetation was solved by coupling the two modules of the COMSOL *** cases with different vegetation densities were simulated,and the results were successfully validated against the experimental *** contours of the simulated time-averaged streamwise velocity and Reynolds stress were extracted to highlight the differences in mean and turbulent flow *** turbulence intensity was found to be more sensitive to vegetation density than the time-averaged *** developing length increased with the spacing between *** snapshots of the bending vegetation under instantaneous velocity and vorticity revealed that flexible vegetation responded to the effects of eddies in the shear layer by swaying *** first two rows of vegetation suffered stronger approaching flow and were prone to more streamlined *** addition,the origin of tip vortices was investigated via the distribution of *** results reveal the variation of flow properties with bending submerged vegetation and provide useful reference for optimizationofrestorationprojects.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics Fluid-structure interaction Turbulence Flexible and submerged vegetation

Process,Material,and Regulatory Considerations for 3D Printed Medical Devices and Tissue Constructs

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 146-166页

作者： Wei Long Ng Jia An Chee Kai chua Singapore Centre for 3D Printing(SC3DP) School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Centre for Healthcare Education Entrepreneurship and Research@SUTD(CHEERS)Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a highly automated platform that facilitates material deposition in a layer-by-layer approach to fabricate pre-defined 3D complex structures on *** is a highly promising technique for the fabrication of personalized medical devices or even patient-specific tissue *** type of 3D printing technique has its unique advantages and limitations,and the selection of a suitable 3D printing technique is highly dependent on its intended *** this review paper,we present and highlight some of the critical processes(printing parameters,build orientation,build location,and support structures),material(batch-to-batch consistency,recycling,protein adsorption,biocompatibility,and degradation properties),and regulatory considerations(sterility and mechanical properties)for 3D printing of personalized medical *** goal of this review paper is to provide the readers with a good understanding of the various key considerations(process,material,and regulatory)in 3D printing,which are critical for the fabrication of improved patient-specific 3D printed medical devices and tissue constructs.

关键词： 3D printing Bioprinting Biofabrication Medical devices Tissue constructs

Genetic diversity of the S-type small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Plasmodium knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 84-90页

作者： Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong Joveen Wan Fen Neoh Tiek Ying Lau Kek Heng chua Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim Ping-Chin Lee Biotechnology Research Institute Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia Department of Biomedical Science Faculty of Medicine BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS(CERiA) University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia Faculty of Science and Natural Resources Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia

Objective:To determine the genetic diversity of Plasmodium(P.)knowlesi isolates from Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia,targeting the S-type SSU rRNA gene and including aspects of natural selection and ***:Thirty-nine blood samples infected with *** were collected in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular *** S-type SSU rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction,cloned into a vector,and *** natural selection and haplotype of the S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were determined using DnaSP v6 and illustrated using NETWORK *** study's 39 S-type SSU rRNA sequences and eight sequences from the Genbank database were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA ***:Overall,the phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of a geographical cluster of *** isolates from different areas in Malaysia based on the S-type SSU rRNA gene *** S-type SSU rRNA gene sequences were relatively conserved and with a purifying *** sharing of the S-type SSU rRNA gene was observed between the *** isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,but not between Sabah,Malaysian Borneo and Peninsular ***:This study suggests that the S-type SSU rRNA gene of *** isolates in Sabah,Malaysian Borneo,and Peninsular Malaysia has fewer polymorphic sites,representing the conservation of the *** features make the S-type SSU rRNA gene suitable for comparative studies,such as determining the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry among *** species.

关键词： Plasmodium knowlesi S-type small subunit ribosomal RNA Genetic diversity Natural selection Haplotype

Muscle Strength, Lumbar Curve, Fear of Movement and Functional Disability among Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Review

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第1期12卷 28-51页

作者： G. M. Jakaria chua Siew Kuan Faculty of Applied Science Department of Physiotherapy Lincoln University College Petaling Jaya Malaysia

Introduction: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) refers to the rupture of the fibrous annulus of the intervertebral discs. Lumbar curvature may lead to the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration. Fear of movement may worsen their disc herniation and cause further pain and injury. LDH conditions impact the individuals’ quality of life, to explore the relationship between lumbar curve, muscle strength, fear of movement and functional disability among patients with LDH. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Springerlink, Google Scholar and a hand search from reference lists was reviewed. Publications were included in human studies, patients 25 - 85 years of age, original studies and published in English language journals from January 2002 to December 2023. Result: In total, 64 articles were researched through the online search engines, and 9 papers were found through manual searches of reference lists. As a result, a total of 11 articles were included for the purpose of this review. The comprehensive analysis revealed the presence of eight cross-sectional studies, two retrospective studies and one experimental study. A minimum of 25 participants and a maximum of 360 participants were included. Ten studies included both genders, only one studies included healthy adults and patients with LDH but these studies didn’t mention gender. Results showed that the factors influencing LDH can be categorized into non-modifiable factors, such as gender, age, height or others. Modifiable factors included increased BMI, DM, smoking, alcohol, employment status, lifestyle and health problems or psychology. Conclusion: Females with greater VASC may be at risk of LDH. The lumbar extensor muscles indicated a localized disc herniation or nerve root pathology in patients with LDH. The fear of movement may lead to psychological consequences and reduce functional disability among patients with LDH.

关键词： Lumbar Disc Herniation Fear of Movement Functional Disability Vertical Angle of Spinal Curvature

Cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention and INTERHEART risk stratification among middle-aged adults in Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 61-70页

作者： Siew-Keah Lee Ang-Lim chua Clement Heng Yew Fong Ban Hao Brian Cong Wen Ling Ng Jing Feng Kong Yik-Ling Chew Kai Bin Liew Yang Shao M.Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysia Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARAMalaysia Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Pharmacy University of CyberjayaMalaysia The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University China

Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in ***:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January *** completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INTERHEART risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final *** were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent ***:There was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(CVD)and knowledge related to CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(P<0.05,Pearson correlation).Notably,individuals with higher IHRS tended to have lower knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,and behavioural ***,laborers,active/former smokers,individuals with lower household income and educational levels,those involved in occupations not related to the healthcare sector,and those who did not receive the CVD health brochure or are unaware of health self-assessment tools are likely to have lower levels of knowledge,risk perception,and poorer behavioural intention regarding cardiovascular health(P<0.05,one-way ANOVA).While educational level,smoking status,awareness about CVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(P<0.05,linear regression).Conclusions:These findings underscore the importance of promoting car

关键词： Cardiovascular risk Knowledge Risk perception Behavioural intention INTERHEART Middle-aged Lifestyle Physical activity Psychosocial stress