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Proliferating Satellite Constellations Pose Astronomical and Environmental Challenges

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 9-11页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

On 6 October 2023,amazon(Seattle,WA,USA)launched two prototype satellites into low-Earth orbit[1],the inaugural orbiters of Project Kuiper,a constellation of 3236 satellites that will work together to eventually deliver internet to tens of millions of customers *** Kuiper,named for the belt of ice,rock,and dwarf planets beyond Neptune,is smaller in number than the so-called mega-constellations built by SpaceX(Hawthorne,CA,USA),OneWeb(London,UK),and others,amazon plans to loft its Kuiper satellites into orbit at a historic pace over the next few years.

关键词： amazon eventually planet

Unprecedented Collaboration Plots Largest,Most Detailed Maps of the Brain

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 7-9页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

In October 2023,a set of 21 papers published simultaneously in the journals Science,Science Advances,and Science Translational Medicine reported the largest,most-detailed maps to date of the cells making up portions of human and nonhuman primate brains[1,2].Accomplished by multiple large teams of neuroscientists in the United States and Europe,the collaborative effort also included the classification of 3300 different cell types in the human brain.

关键词： Medicine brains simultaneous

European Union Issues World’s First Comprehensive Regulations for Artificial Intelligence

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 5-7页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

In March 2024,European Union(EU)lawmakers passed the world’s first comprehensive set of regulations governing the use of artificial intelligence(AI)[1].The EU’s AI Act,two and a half years in the making,was initially drawn up as a landmark bill to reduce harm in areas in which AI was thought to pose the biggest risks to people,such as in health care,education,and security,as well as banning uses that pose“unacceptable risks,”including manipulation of human behavior and evaluation of individuals’trustworthiness based on personal *** to the regulations,which will go into effect in stages over the next two years,“high-risk”AI systems will require risk-mitigation strategies,high-quality data sets,transparency,better documentation,and human *** most common current AI uses,such as augmenting recommendation engines and email spam filters,will see far less oversight.

关键词： email artificial transparency

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NASA激光通信系统创传输速度新纪录

Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 9-11页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

In April 2023,a satellite orbiting approximately 500 km above Earth’s surface delivered terabytes of data at record-breaking rates of up to 200 Gb·s^(-1)—more than 100 times faster than the fastest internet speeds in most cities—via an optical communication link to a ground-based receiver 95 km north of Los Angeles,CA,USA[1].At more than 1000 times faster than the radiofrequency(RF)links traditionally used for satellite communication,this is the highest data rate ever achieved for a space-to-ground optical transmission[1].

关键词：激光通信系统 communication optical

Unprecedented JWST Observations Contest Cosmological Canons

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 6-9页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

After more than 18 months of nearly flawless operation,the James Webb Space Telescope(JWST)continues to deliver amazement,making unexpected discoveries,adding new wrinkles to known phenomena,and calling into question long-held theories of how the universe works.“The instruments are working amazingly well,in essentially all cases better than expected,”said Garth Illingworth,professor emeritus of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California,Santa Cruz(CA,USA),and one of the three originators of the mission over three decades ago.“It has exceeded every one of its performance requirements,which is truly amazing when you think about how complex it is.”That complexity has included three decades of planning,design,and construction,followed by launch and maneuvering 1.5106 km from Earth to its second Lagrange(L2)orbit,unfolding and locking into position the 18 segments of its 6.5 m diameter main mirror,and deploying 8 motors,90 cables,and some 400 pulleys to unfurl its fragile sunshield[1,2].

关键词： universe Observation Cosmo

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浮式海上风电助力可再生能源发展

Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 1-3页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

Nearly 150 km off the coast of Norway,in one of the windiest places on Earth,stands Hywind Tampen,the world’s largest floating wind power *** weighing 8800 t and 190 m tall,with roughly one-third of that height sitting below the waterline,Hywind Tampen’s 11 turbines can generate 94.6 MW(Fig.1)[1].The blades—each 80 m long—travel at a blistering 290 km∙h–1,yet because of their size they complete only about 10 to 15 full rotations per minute.A single rotation provides enough electricity to power an average home for a ***,Hywind Tampen,which became fully operational in August 2023,will not power ***,the installation built by energy company Equinor(Stavanger,Norway)will provide 38%of the annual electricity consumed by five nearby offshore oil platforms in the North Sea[1].

关键词： rotation travel floating

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对臭氧层造成破坏的违禁化学物质仍在增加

Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 7-9页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

As reported in a study published in April 2023,some of the globally banned chemicals that decimated the Earth’s ozone layer are still finding their way into the atmosphere[1].While unlikely to greatly impact global ozone levels,the continuing pollution has scientists concerned for two reasons:The chemicals,called chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),are potent greenhouse gases,and,perhaps more worrying,the sources of the surprising emissions remain unidentified.

关键词： pollution ozone globally

Increasing Threat of Scarcity Prompts Rise in Water Recycling

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 6-8页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

In January 2018,construction wrapped on Salesforce Tower(Fig.1),a 61-story office building that now dominates the skyline of San Francisco,CA,*** addition to being the tallest building in the city,Salesforce Tower is the largest structure in the world with an onsite water recycling *** by the Australian com-pany Aquacell(Milton,NSW,Australia),the system cleans 113 m^(3)of sewage,sink,shower,and other wastewater each day for use in irrigation and flushing toilets,saving an estimated 35000 m?of water anmually[1].The building is just one of dozens in San Fran-cisco outitted with their own water recycling systems,thanks to a city mandate enacted in 2015[1].

关键词： cycling wastewater recycling

“泰坦”号潜水器--通向死亡的“海洋之门”

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 1-3页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

Early on the morning of June 18,2023,far off the shore of Newfoundland,Canada,the Titan deep-sea submersible began its descent into the depths of the North *** was Titan’s inventor and pilot,Stockton Rush,along with four“mission specialists,”several of whom may have paid as much as 250000 USD to accompany Rush on a voyage to the site of the infamous Titanic shipwreck on the ocean *** two hours later.

关键词：泰坦 depths ocean