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Real-time visual inspection system for grading fruits using computer vision and deep learning techniques

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第1期9卷 24-37页

作者： Nazrul Ismail Owais a.malik Digital Science Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei DarussalamJln Tungku LinkGadong BE1410Brunei Darussalam

Traditional manual visual grading of fruits has been one of the important challenges faced by the agricultural industry due to its laborious nature as well as inconsistency in inspec-tion and classification *** defects detection using computer vision and machine learning has become a promising area of research with a high and direct impact on the domain of visual *** this study,we propose an efficient and effective machine vision system based on the state-of-the-art deep learning techniques and stack-ing ensemble methods to offer a non-destructive and cost-effective solution for automat-ing the visual inspection of fruits’freshness and *** trained,tested and compared the performance of various deep learning models including ResNet,DenseNet,MobileNetV2,NASNet and EfficientNet to find the best model for the grading of *** proposed system also provides a real time visual inspection using a low cost Raspberry Pi module with a camera and a touchscreen display for user *** real time sys-tem efficiently segments multiple instances of the fruits from an image and then grades the individual objects(fruits)*** system was trained and tested on two data sets(apples and bananas)and the average accuracy was found to be 99.2% and 98.6% using EfficientNet model for apples and bananas test sets,***,a slight improvement in the recognition rate(0.03% for apples and 0.06% for bananas)was noted while applying the stacking ensemble deep learning *** performance of the developed system has been found higher than the existing methods applied to the same data sets ***,during real-time testing on actual samples,the accuracy was found to be 96.7% for apples and 93.8% for bananas which indicates the efficacy of the developed system.

关键词： Deep learning Fruit classification Computer vision Real-time system Raspberry Pi Agriculture

Anthropogenic disturbances and their impact on vegetation in Western Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第1期13卷 69-82页

作者： Zubair a.malik Rajiv PANDEY Ajay Ballabh BHATT Ecology Laboratory Department of Botany and MicrobiologyHNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India Department of Botany Govt.Degree CollegeBeerwah Budgam(J&K)-193411India. Department of Forestry andNatural Resources HNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India

The present study assesses anthropogenic disturbances and their impacts on the vegetation in Western Himalaya,India on the basis of various disturbance parameters such as density,Total Basal Cover(TBC) of cut stumps,lopping percentage and grazing *** the basis of canopy cover and frequency of disturbances(%),the studied forests were divided into highly disturbed(HD),moderately disturbed(MD) and least disturbed(LD) *** HD forests had the lowest canopy cover,lowest density and lowest TBC and the LD had the highest canopy cover,highest density and highest *** MD forests occupied the intermediate position with respect to these *** richness was least in HD forests,highest in one of the MD forests while LD forest occupied an intermediate *** percentage of regenerating species was lowest(54%) in HD and highest(72%) in *** density of seedlings and saplings was higher in one of the MD forests as compared to HD and *** concluded that the moderate disturbances do not affect the vegetation adversely;however the increased degree of disturbance causes loss in plant diversity;affects regeneration and changes community *** of hydroelectric projects at various places in the study area was found to be one of the most important sources of anthropogenic disturbances in addition to the routine anthropogenic disturbances like grazing,fuelwood collection and fodder *** all proposed dams in the Indian Himalaya are constructed combined with weak national environmental impact assessment and implementation,it will result in a significant loss of ***,various agents of disturbances should be evaluated in cumulative manner and any developmental activities such as hydropower projects,which trigger various natural and anthropogenic disturbances,should be combined with proper cumulative environmental impact assessment and effective implementation to minimise the anticipated loss of vegetation.

关键词：下线服务迁移

Peristaltic Flow of Shear Thinning Fluid via Temperature-Dependent Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第4期71卷 367-376页

作者： S.Noreen a.malik M.M.Rashidi Department of Mathematics COMSATS University Islamabad Shanghai Automotive Wind Tunnel Center Tongji University

In this paper Williamson ?uid is taken into account to study its peristaltic ?ow with heat effects. The study is carried out in a wave frame of reference for symmetric channel. Analysis of heat transfer is accomplished by accounting the effects of non-constant thermal conductivity and viscosity and viscous dissipation. Modeling of fundamental equations is followed by the construction of closed form solutions for pressure gradient, stream function and temperature while assuming Reynold's number to be very low and wavelength to be very long. Double perturbation technique is employed, considering Weissenberg number and variable ?uid property parameter to be very small. The effects of emerging parameters on pumping, trapping, axial pressure gradient, heat transfer coe?cient, pressure rise,velocity pro?le and temperature are analyzed through the graphical representation. A direct relation is observed between temperature and thermal conductivity whereas the indirect proportionality with viscosity. The heat transfer coe?cient is lower for a ?uid with variable thermal conductivity and variable viscosity as compared to the ?uid with constant thermal conductivity and constant viscosity.

关键词： temperature-dependent viscosity temperature-dependent thermal conductivity shear thinningfluid peristalsis

固氮粪产碱菌的耐盐特性及在盐胁迫下与宿主水稻的相互作用

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农业生物技术学报 1996年第1期4卷 87-92页

作者：平淑珍林敏尤崇杓 Kausar a.malik 中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所 National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering P.O.Box-577 Faisalabal Pakistan 北京 100094 北京 100094 北京 100094

固氮粪产碱菌（Alcaligenes faecalis）A1501在盐浓度为0.8 mol·L-1LB 固体培养基上生长良好,当盐浓度高于1.2 mol·L-1时生长完全被抑制。在 LB 培养液中,即使盐浓度高达1.6 mol·L-1,仍能缓慢生长,但菌体结成团状。在高盐胁迫下.固... 详细信息

固氮粪产碱菌（Alcaligenes faecalis）A1501在盐浓度为0.8 mol·L-1LB 固体培养基上生长良好,当盐浓度高于1.2 mol·L-1时生长完全被抑制。在 LB 培养液中,即使盐浓度高达1.6 mol·L-1,仍能缓慢生长,但菌体结成团状。在高盐胁迫下.固氮粪产碱菌 A1501能产生吲哚乙酸（IAA）,并保持一定的乙炔还原活性,当盐浓度超过1.0 mol·L-1时,固氮活性丧失。采用肺炎克氏杆菌（Klebsiella pneumonia）nifHDKYE DNA 片段作探针,对不同盐浓度生长的粪产碱菌总 DNA 进行 Southern 杂交分析,结果表明在盐胁迫下及正常盐浓度下 nif 基因的同源杂交带基本一致。接种固氮粪产碱菌能增强宿主水稻的耐盐能力,当盐浓度在0.05%～0.4%时,接种的促生长效益最为显著。粪产碱菌 nifH-LacZ 和 nifA-LacZ 在高盐胁迫下仍能在根表及内根际高水平表达,但 nifH 和 nifA 在内根际的表达部位和强度差异明显。

关键词：粪产碱菌水稻固氮盐胁迫 nif—LacZ

Nitrogen fractionation of certain conventional-and lesser-known by-products for ruminants

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第2期3卷 186-190页

作者： M.S.Mahesh Sudarshan S.Thakur Rohit Kumar Tariq a.malik Rajkumar Gami Animal Nutrition Division ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University) Division of Animal Nutrition Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology-Jammu NDDB-Ration Balancing Program Office

Dietary proteins for ruminants are fractionated according to solubility, degradability and digestibility. In the present experiment, 11 vegetable protein meals and cakes used in ruminant nutrition were included with a main focus on determining various nitrogen(N) fractions in vitro. Total N(N×6.25) content varied from 22.98%(mahua cake) to 65.16%(maize gluten meal), respectively. Guar meal korma contained the lowest and rice gluten meal had the highest acid detergent insoluble nitrogen(ADIN; N×6.25). Boratephosphate insoluble N(BIN, N×6.25) and Streptomyces griseus protease insoluble N(PIN; N×6.25) were higher(P<0.01) in maize gluten meal than in other feeds, whereas groundnut cake and sunflower cake had lower(P < 0.01) BIN, and PIN, respectively. Available N, calculated with the assumption that ADIN is indigestible, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. Furthermore, rapid and slowly degradable N(N × 6.25) was found to be higher(P < 0.01) in groundnut cake and coconut cake, respectively. Intestinal digestion of rumen undegradable protein, expressed as percent of PIN, was maximum in guar meal korma and minimum in rice gluten meal. It was concluded that vegetable protein meals differed considerably in N fractions, and therefore, a selective inclusion of particular ingredient is needed to achieve desired level of N fractions to aid precision N rationing for an improved production performance of ruminants.

关键词： ADIN Protein degradability Soluble protein Streptomyces griseus protease

Islam in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan:Experiencing Public Revival of Islam through Institutionalisation

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2019年第3期13卷 351-369页

作者： Bilal a.malik Centre of Central Asian Studies University of KashmirHazratbal SrinagarIndia

In the years following independence,Kazakhstan witnessed a reemergence of religious phenomenon,particularly in the form of‘Islamic revival,’generating a kind of post-Soviet‘Islamic extremism’*** discussions,describing Islamic revival as a‘security concern’and‘potential threat’to Kazakhstan’s secular objectives have deluged the academic,political,and policy ***,the question essential to contextualise the whole debate is whether the nature of‘Islamic revival’does follow the prescriptive conditions as anticipated by the privatisation of religion theory,reducing the stimulus of religion to an individual’s‘private matter’or whether it has become a social function,affecting people’s inspirations and aspirations both at the individual and collective *** analyse this question methodologically,the study discusses theoretical formulations that are relevant to understanding the nature and scope of Islamic revival in the postSoviet Kazakh ***,the study examines the practical impact of Islamic revival and makes reference to an institutionalization of Islam through religious,economic and political *** study argues,after independence,despite the secular and authoritarian nature of the government,‘Islamic revival’has become an institutionalised phenomenon and its appearance and social function in the public space has increased rather than decreased.

关键词： Islamic revival Institutionalisation of Islam Post-Soviet Kazakhstan Central Asia Islamic studies

Recent advances on vaccines against malaria: A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第4期17卷 143-159页

作者： Shiza.malik Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan

This review aims to summarize the currently viable vaccine strategies including the approved vaccines and the those in trials for next-generation malaria *** on malaria vaccine development was collected through a comprehensive *** literature search was performed using databases including Google Scholar,PubMed,NIH,and Web of *** novel approaches of vaccination are being developed,including those based on radiation-attenuated strategies,monoclonal antibodies,targeted immunogenic peptides,RNA and DNA vaccines,nanoparticle-based vaccines,protein-based vaccination protocols,and whole organism-based vaccination *** on RTS,S have entered phase Ⅲtesting,and those based on blood-stage vaccines and vaccines to interrupt malarial transmission have advanced to higher stages of *** modeling,combined drug and vaccine strategies,mass drug administration,polyvalent vaccine formulations,and targeted vaccination campaigns is playing an important role in malarial ***,assessing coverage,accessibility,acceptability,deployment,compilation,and adherence to specific vaccination strategies in endemic regions is essential for vaccination drives against malaria.

关键词： Vaccines against malaria Drugs and adjuvant Malarial treatment Plasmodium RTS,S vaccine

Unveiling a new regulator: Vacuolar V-ATPase mediates brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 227-229页

作者： Shikha.malik Justin W.Walley Department of Plant Pathology Entomologyand Microbiologylowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Plant growth and development are intricately regulated by hormones such as auxins,gibberellins,jamonates,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids(BRs).BRs are a group of plant steroid hormones that play a vital role in plant growth and response to the *** regulate many biological processes including cell elongation,cell division,and male fertility,as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses.

关键词： media fertility brassinosteroid

Detailed analysis of the relativistic configuration of Bardeen anisotropic spheres in modified f(G)gravity

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 45-56页

作者： Adnan malik Ayesha Almas Tayyaba Naz Rubab Manzoor M Z Bhatti School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaZhejiangChina Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologySialkot CampusLahorePakistan National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Lahore CampusPakistan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyJohar Town CampusLahore 54782Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabQuaid-i-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

The aim of this work is to investigate anisotropic compact objects within the framework of f(G)modified theory of *** our present work,we utilize Krori-Barua metrics,i.e.,λ(r)=Xr^(2)+Y andβ(r)=Zr^(2).We use some matching conditions of spherically symmetric spacetime with Bardeen's model as an exterior ***,we establish some expressions of energy density and pressure components to analyze the stellar configuration of Bardeen compact stars by assuming viable f(G)*** examine the energy conditions for different stellar structures to verify the viability of our considered ***,we also investigate some other physical features,such as equilibrium condition,equation of state parameters,adiabatic index,stability analysis,mass function,surface redshift,and compactness factor,*** is worthwhile to mention here for the current study that our stellar structure in the background of Bardeen's model is more viable and stable.

关键词： Bardeen compact stars f(G)modified gravity Krori-Barua potential