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Listening plus : authentic recordings with tasks to develop listening skills and learner training (student's book) / john McDOWELL,christopher HART.

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Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome:an unusual finding of gastro-intestinal adenomatous polyps in a syndrome characterized by hamartomatous polyps

1987年

作者： john McDOWELL christopher HART.

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第3期3卷 254-257页

作者： christopher M.Flannery john A.Lunn Department of Gastroenterology Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCAUSA Department of Gastroenterology Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System Loma LindaCAUSA

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is a rare,hamartomatous polyposis syndrome of unknown *** gastrointestinal polyps,alopecia,onychodystrophy,cutaneous hyperpigmentation,abdominal pain,diarrhea,and complications of weight loss are typical of the *** this report,we describe a pathological finding of colonic adenomatous polyposis as opposed to hamartomatous *** also describe our treatment,long-term therapeutic plan,and the need for further research.

关键词： Cronkhite-Canada syndrome gastro-intestinal adenomatous polyps hamartomatous polyps

Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon oxygen isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 241-255页

作者： Janne Liebmann christopher L.Kirkland john B.Cliff christopher J.Spencer Aaron J.Cavosie Timescales of Mineral Systems Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Space Science and Technology Centre The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

Oxygen isotopes are a versatile tool to address a wide range of questions in the Earth *** include geothermometry,paleoclimatology,tracing of geochemical reservoirs,fluid-rock interaction,magmatic petrogenesis,and identification of extra-terrestrial *** arguably provides one of the most robust records of primary magmatic O isotope ratio due to low diffusion rates in crystalline *** ability to correlate zircon O isotopes with temporal and petrogenetic information(e.g.U-Pb geochronology,Lu-Hf isotopes,and trace elements)makes this mineral a key archive for understanding Earth’s crustal ***,zircon O isotope geochemistry has found widespread usage to address fundamental questions across the earth and planetary *** general apparent ease of O isotopic acquisition through the advancement of rapid in situ techniques(*** ion mass spectrometry;SIMS)and associated dedicated national laboratories has led to the generation of large O isotopic data sets of variable quality,highlighting the importance of a coherent workflow for data collection,reduction,and *** paper presents a set of approaches for measurement,assessment,and reporting of zircon O isotope *** focus in this contribution is on in situ analysis via secondary ion mass spectrometry using large geometry instruments,but other commonly used techniques are briefly reviewed for *** work aims to provide an analytical framework necessary for geologically meaningful interpretation of O isotope *** addition,we describe inherent geological(***-induced disturbance of the zircon O isotopic system)and analytical(*** due to sample topography effects)challenges and outline means to identify and avoid such issues as a prerequisite to the generation of robust primary O isotopic signatures for geological interpretation.

关键词： In situ Oxygen isotopes Zircon SIMS Secondary ion mass spectrometry Off-mount standard

A novel mathematical template for developing fDOM probe fluorescence signal correction models for freshwaters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第12期146卷 103-117页

作者： Hiua Daraei Edoardo Bertone john Awad Rodney A.Stewart christopher W.K.Chow Jinming Duan Amanda Mussared john Van Leeuwen Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management(SIRM) UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityQueensland 4222Australia Cities Research Institute Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportQueensland 4222Australia CSIRO Environment AdelaideSA 5000Australia Australian Water Quality Centre SA Water250 Victoria SquareAdelaideSA 5000Australia Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University170 Kessels RoadNathanQueensland 4111Australia Environmental Health Research Centre Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandajKurdistanIran

The reliable application of field deployable fluorescent dissolved organic matter(fDOM)probes is hindered by several influencing factors which need to be *** manuscript describes the corrections of temperature,pH,turbidity and inner filter effect on fluorescence signal of a commercial fDOM probe(fDOMs).For this,Australian waters with wide ranging qualities were selected,*** organic carbon(DOC)ranging from∼1 to∼30 mg/L,specific UV absorbance at 254 nm from∼1 to∼6 L/m/mg and turbidity from∼1 to∼350 ***-based model calibration experiments(MCEs)were performed.A model template was developed and used for the development of the correction *** each factor,data generated through MCEs were used to determine model coefficient(α)values by fitting the generated model to the experimental *** discrete factor models were generated by determination of a factor-specificα***αvalues derived for each water of the MCEs subset were consistent for each factor *** indicated generic nature of the fourαvalues across wide-ranging water *** correlation between fDOMs and DOC were achieved after applying the four-factor compensation models to new data(r,0.96,p<0.05).Also,average biases(and%)between DOC predicted through fDOMs and actual DOC were decreased by applying the four-factor compensationmodel(from3.54(60.9%)to 1.28(16.7%)mg/L DOC).These correction models were incorporated into a Mi-crosoft EXCEL-based software termed EXOf-Correct for ready-to-use applications.

关键词： Surface waters Online monitoring fDOM probes Fluorescence signal Model-based corrections

Treatment of hemorrhoids: A survey of surgical practice in Australia and New Zealand

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第22期7卷 3742-3750页

作者： George E Fowler Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid christopher john Young Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation TrustExeter EX25DWUnited Kingdom Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred HospitalNewtown 2042NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common anorectal *** can be classified as external or internal,according to their relation to the dentate *** hemorrhoids originate below the dentate line and are managed conservatively unless the patient cannot keep the perianal region clean,or they cause significant *** hemorrhoids originate above the dentate line and can be managed according to the graded degree of prolapse,as described by ***,low-grade internal hemorrhoids are effectively treated conservatively,by non-operative measures,while high-grade internal hemorrhoids warrant procedural *** To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of hemorrhoids and colorectal surgeon consensus in Australia and New *** An online survey was distributed to 206 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand using 17 guideline-based hypothetical clinical *** There were 82 respondents(40%)to 17 guideline-based ***(53%)reached consensus,of which only 1(6%)disagreed with the *** was based on low quality evidence for the management of acutely thrombosed external *** were 8 scenarios which showed community equipoise(47%)and they were equally divided for agreeing or disagreeing with the *** topics were based on low and moderate levels of *** included the initial management of grade I internal hemorrhoids,grade III internal hemorrhoids when initial management had failed and the patient had recognised risks factors for septic complications;and finally,the decision-making when considering patient preferences,including a prompt return to work,or minimal post-operative *** Although there are areas of consensus in the management of hemorrhoids,there are many areas of community equipoise which would benefit from further research.

关键词： Hemorrhoids Clinical practice guidelines Survey Consensus

Colorectal surgeon consensus with diverticulitis clinical practice guidelines

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第11期9卷 224-232页

作者： Javariah Siddiqui Assad Zahid Jonathan Hong christopher john Young Discipline of Surgery University of Sydney Department of Colorectal Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital

AIM To determine the application of clinical practice guidelines for the current management of diverticulitis and colorectal surgeon specialist consensus in Australia and New *** A survey was distributed to 205 colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand, using 22 hypothetical clinical *** The response rate was 102(50%). For 19 guidelinebased scenarios, only 11(58%) reached consensus(defined as > 70% majority opinion) and agreed with guidelines; while 3(16%) reached consensus and did not agree with guidelines. The remaining 5(26%) scenarios showed community equipoise(defined as less than/equal to 70% majority opinion). These included diagnostic imaging where CT scan was contraindicated, management options in the failureof conservative therapy for complicated diverticulitis, surgical management of Hinchey grade 3, proximal extent of resection in sigmoid diverticulitis and use of oral mechanical bowel preparation and antibiotics for an elective colectomy. The consensus areas not agreeing with guidelines were management of simple diverticulitis, management following the failure of conservative therapy in uncomplicated diverticulitis and follow-up after an episode of complicated diverticulitis. Fifty-percent of rural/regional based surgeons would perform an urgent sigmoid colectomy in failed conservative therapy of diverticulitis compared to only 8% of surgeons city-based(Fisher's exact test P = 0.016). In right-sided complicated diverticulitis, a greater number of those in practice for more than ten years would perform an ileocecal resection and ileocolic anastomosis(79% vs 41%, P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION While there are areas of consensus in diverticulitis management, there are areas of community equipoise for future research, potentially in the form of RCTs.

关键词： Diverticulitis Clinical practice guidelines Consensus

Changes in the quality of river water before,during and after a major flood event associated with a La Nina cycle and treatment for drinking purposes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第10期26卷 1985-1993页

作者： Mohamad Fared Murshed Zeeshan Aslam Rosmala Lewis christopher Chow Dongsheng Wang Mary Drikas john van Leeuwen Centre for Water Management and Reuse Natural and Built Environments University of South Australia Australian Water Quality Centre South Australian Water Corporation State Key Laboratory for Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Barbara Hardy Institute Natural and Built EnvironmentsUniversity of South Australia

The treatment of organics present in the lower reaches of a major river system（the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia） before（March–July 2010）, during（December 2010–May 2011） and after（April–December 2012） a major flood period was investigated. The flood period（over 6 months）occurred during an intense La Nia cycle, leading to rapid and high increases in river flows and organic loads in the river water. Dissolved organic carbon（DOC） increased（2–3 times） to high concentrations（up to 16 mg/L） and was found to correlate with river flow rates. The treatability of organics was studied using conventional jar tests with alum and an enhanced coagulation model（mEnCo）. Predicted mean alum dose rates（per mg DOC） were higher before（9.1 mg alum/mg DOC） and after（8.5 mg alum/mg DOC） than during the flood event（8.0 mg alum/mg DOC）,indicating differences in the character of the organics in raw waters. To assess the character of natural organic matter present in raw and treated waters, high performance size exclusion chromatography with UV and fluorescence detectors were used. During the flood period, high molecular weight UV absorbing compounds（〉2 kDa） were mostly detected in waters collected,but were not evident in waters collected before and afterwards. The relative abundances of humic-like and protein-like compounds during and following the flood period were also investigated and found to be of a higher molecular weight during the flood period. The treatability of the organics was found to vary over the three climate conditions investigated.

关键词： Alum Coagulation Flood mEnCo prediction dose(EnCD) La Ni?a

Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency and Indoor Environmental Quality – A Review

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Energy and AI 2022年第4期10卷 262-289页

作者： Paige Wenbin Tien Shuangyu Wei Jo Darkwa christopher Wood john Kaiser Calautit Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK

The built environment sector is responsible for almost one-third of the world’s final energy consumption. Hence, seeking plausible solutions to minimise building energy demands and mitigate adverse environmental impacts is necessary. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as machine and deep learning have been increasingly and successfully applied to develop solutions for the built environment. This review provided a critical summary of the existing literature on the machine and deep learning methods for the built environment over the past decade, with special reference to holistic approaches. Different AI-based techniques employed to resolve interconnected problems related to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and enhance building performances were reviewed, including energy forecasting and management, indoor air quality and occupancy comfort/satisfaction prediction, occupancy detection and recognition, and fault detection and diagnosis. The present study explored existing AI-based techniques focusing on the framework, methodology, and performance. The literature highlighted that selecting the most suitable machine learning and deep learning model for solving a problem could be challenging. The recent explosive growth experienced by the research area has led to hundreds of machine learning algorithms being applied to building performance-related studies. The literature showed that existing research studies considered a wide range of scope/scales (from an HVAC component to urban areas) and time scales (minute to year). This makes it difficult to find an optimal algorithm for a specific task or case. The studies also employed a wide range of evaluation metrics, adding to the challenge. Further developments and more specific guidelines are required for the built environment field to encourage best practices in evaluating and selecting models. The literature also showed that while machine and deep learning had been successfully applied in

关键词： Artificial intelligence Building energy management Deep learning Heating,ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) Indoor environmental quality(IEQ) Machine learning Occupancy detection Thermal comfort

pH modeling for maximum dissolved organic matter removal by enhanced coagulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第2期24卷 276-283页

作者： Jiankun Xie Dongsheng Wang john van Leeuwen Yanmei Zhao Linan Xing christopher W. K. Chow State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China SA Water Centre for Water Management and Reuse NBE Universit of South Australia Australia Australian Water Quality Centre SA Water 250 Victoria Square Adelaide SA 5000 Australia

Correlations between raw water characteristics and pH after enhanced coagulation to maximize dissolved organic matter（DOM） removal using four typical coagulants（FeCl3,Al2（SO4）3,polyaluminum chloride（PACl） and high performance polyaluminum chloride（HPAC）） without pH control were *** correlations were analyzed on the basis of the raw water quality and the chemical and physical fractionations of DOM of thirteen Chinese source waters over three *** was found that the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants was in？uenced by the content of removable DOM（*** and higher apparent molecular weight（AMW） DOM）,the alkalinity and the initial pH of raw water.A set of feed-forward semi-empirical models relating the final pH after enhanced coagulation for each of the four coagulants with the raw water characteristics were developed and optimized based on correlation *** established models were preliminarily validated for prediction purposes,and it was found that the deviation between the predicted data and actual data was *** result demonstrated the potential for the application of these models in practical operation of drinking water treatment plants.

关键词： enhanced coagulation modeling DOM fractionation pH control