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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第1期7卷 56-62页

作者： Dhiraj M. rathod Keyur R. Patel Hiren N. Mistri Arvind G. Jangid Pranav S. Shrivastav Mallika Sanyal Department of Chemistry Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 382015 India Bioanalytical Research Department Accutest Research Lab Bodakdev Ahmedabad 380059 India Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad 380009 India Department of Chemistry St. Xavier's College Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380009 India

The present study describes a simple, reliable and reproducible liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method(LC–MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of allopurinol and its active metabolite,oxypurinol in human plasma for a pharmacokinetic/bioequivalence study. After protein precipitation(PPT) of100 μL plasma sample with 1.0% formic acid in acetonitrile, the recovery of the analytes and allopurinol-d2 as an internal standard ranged from 85.36% to 91.20%. The analytes were separated on Hypersil Gold(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile(98:2, v/v) as the mobile *** was done using electrospray ionization in the positive mode. The calibration concentration range was established from 60.0 to 6000 ng/m L for allopurinol and 80.0–8000 ng/m L for oxypurinol. Matrix effect in human plasma, expressed as IS-normalized matrix factors ranged from 1.003 to 1.030 for both the analytes. The developed method was found suitable for a clinical study with 300 mg allopurinol tablet formulation in healthy subjects.

关键词： Allopurinol Oxypurinol Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry Bioequivalence study

An improved LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of alverine and para hydroxy alverine in human plasma for a bioequivalence study

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第2期7卷 95-102页

作者： Dhiraj M.rathod Keyur R.Patel Hiren N.Mistri Arvind G.Jangid Pranav S.Shrivastav Mallika Sanyal Department of Chemistry Kadi Sarva VishwavidyalayaGandhinagarAhmedabad-382015India Bioanalytical Research Department Accutest Research LabBodakdevAhmedabad-380059India Department of Chemistry School of SciencesGujarat UniversityAhmedabad-380009India Department of Chemistry St.Xavier's CollegeNavrangpuraAhmedabad-380009India

A highly sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of alverine（ALV） and its active metabolite, para hydroxy alverine（PHA）, in human plasma. For sample preparation, solid phase extraction of analytes was performed on Phenomenex Strata-X cartridges using alverine-d5 as the internal standard. The analytes were separated on Symmetry Shield RP18（150 mm×3.9 mm, 5 μm） column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and10 mM ammonium formate（65：35, v/v）. Detection and quantitation was done by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The assay method was fully validated over the concentration range of 15.0–15,000 pg/mL for ALV and 30.0–15,000 pg/mL for PHA. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision（% CV） ranged from 94.00% to 96.00% and 0.48% to 4.15% for both the analytes. The mean recovery obtained for ALV and PHA was 80.59% and 81.26%, respectively. Matrix effect,expressed as IS-normalized matrix factor ranged from 0.982 to 1.009 for both the analytes. The application of the method was demonstrated for the specific analysis of ALV and PHA for a bioequivalence study in 52 healthy subjects using 120 mg ALV capsules. The assay reproducibility was also verified by reanalysis of 175 incurred subject samples.

关键词： Alverine Para hydroxy alverine Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry Bioequivalence study Human plasma

Socio-Demographic, Clinical, and Hygiene Profile of Syndromically Managed Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center in India

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021年第12期12卷 551-569页

作者： Darshi Desai Erum Khan Dinesh rathod Department of Community Medicine B. J. Medical College Ahmedabad India

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are one of the several major public health concerns, the burden of which is borne by low- and middle-income countries like India. Purpose: The purpose is to evaluate the relationship between menstrual and sanitary hygiene and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) based on syndromic diagnosis Methods: An out-patient department (OPD) based cross sectional survey to determine these associations, if any exist, which would help critically analyze syndromic management. STD was reported by the presence of vaginal/cervical/urethral discharge with or without irritation and itching, lower abdominal pain and ulcer. Results: The prevalence of STD was 66.84% with the most commonly reported symptoms being discharged (31.18%), followed by abdominal pain (17.92%) and itching/irritation (12.90%), with ulcer (4.83%) being the least reported symptom. Perimenopausal age ((AOR: 0.420 [CI: 0.189 - 0.915];p = 0.030), higher grades of education ((AOR: 0.228 [CI: 0.119 - 0.424];p < 0.001) for secondary), urban residency (AOR: 0.435 [CI: 0.686 - 2.733];p < 0.001), and contraception use (AOR: 0.531 [CI: 0.308 - 0.887];p = 0.018) were associated with lesser odds of presenting with an STD symptom. Belonging to a minority religious community (AOR: 7.20 [CI: 1.866 - 48.251];p < 0.012) or backward castes (AOR: 3.753 [CI: 1.587 - 10.144];p < 0.001), having similar illness (AOR: 4.205 [CI: 2.795 - 6.439];p < 0.001) or having an invasive gynecological procedure done in the past one year (AOR: 1.953 [CI: 1.184 - 3.295];p = 0.010) and washing the reusable sanitary material only with water (AOR: 4.900 [CI: 2.701 - 9.116];p < 0.001) as compared to washing it with water and soap, had a higher association with presenting with STD symptoms. Stratified analysis also showed that women presenting discharge (AOR: 2.049 [CI: 1.343 - 3.146] for vaginal and cervical;AOR: 1.426 [CI: 0.826 - 2.482] for urethra

关键词： Sexually Transmitted Diseases Menstrual Hygiene Socio-Demographics Sexually Transmitted Infections Reproductive Tract Infections Syndromic Management

Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional ZnBr_(2)/PVA polymer dielectrics

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2016年第4期6卷 22-30页

作者： Jagadish Naik R.F.Bhajantri Sunil G.rathod T.Sheela V.Ravindrachary Department of Physics Mangalore University Mangalagangotri-574199KarnatakaIndia Department of Physics Karnatak University Pavate NagarDharwad-580003KarnatakaIndia

Different weight percentage of ZnBr_(2) doped poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)free standing composite films were prepared using solution casting *** films were characterized for analyzing structural,dielectric,electrochemical *** paper mainly focused to understand the contribution of physical phenomenon on conductivity in terms of dielectric *** spectrum confirms the interaction between ZnBr_(2) and ***-capacitive behavior observed from cyclic *** properties of the composites follow non-Debye type *** conducting phenomenon occurs due to hopping of ions between coordination sites present in the composite and the segmental relaxation of polymer chain.

关键词： Poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer electrolytes cyclic voltametry dielectrics zinc bromide.

Rapid commentary:Ethical implications for clinical trialists and patients associated with COVID-19 research

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2021年第3期11卷 58-62页

作者： Gayathri Delanerolle Shanaya.rathod Kathryn Elliot Rema Ramakrishnan Tony Thayanandan Natasha Sandle Nyla Haque Vanessa Raymont Peter Phiri Department of Psychiatry University of OxfordOxford OX37JXUnited Kingdom Research and Development Department Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health University of OxfordOxford OX37JXUnited Kingdom Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical EducationFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO165STUnited Kingdom

Pandemics disrupt clinical trials worldwide,with lasting effects on *** can severely impact clinical trialists ability to conduct safe and ethically uncompromised ***,the mounting pressure results in ethically and morally distressing decisions faced by clinical trial professionals during pandemic *** clinical trialists attempt to think about preparedness and responses during a pandemic,the need to have an ethical framework that has real-world applicability is *** are a challenging time for all,however,the safety and access to support for clinical trialists and patients within clinical trials should be at the forefront for their organisations and the government.

关键词： COVID-19 Pandemic Ethics Clinical trials Patients Trialists

Effects of cumulative COVID-19 cases on mental health:Evidence from multi-country survey

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第7期13卷 461-477页

作者： Shanaya.rathod Saseendran Pallikadavath Elizabeth Graves Mohammad M Rahman Ashlea Brooks Pranay rathod Rachna Bhargava Muhammad Irfan Reham Aly Haifa Mohammad Saleh Al Gahtani Zahwa Salam Steven Wai Ho Chau Theone S E Paterson Brianna Turner Viktoria Gorbunova Vitaly Klymchuk Peter Phiri Department of Research and Innovation Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom Portsmouth-Brawijaya Centre for Global Health University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUnited Kingdom Salford Business School University of SalfordSalford M54WTUnited Kingdom Patient and Public Involvement Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom Department of Psychiatry All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India Department of Mental Health Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesPeshawar Medical CollegeRiphah International UniversityIslamabad 46000Pakistan Department of Clinical Services Ministry of HealthCairo 4262114Egypt College of Medicine and Medical Sciences Arabian Gulf UniversityBahrain 329Bahrain Peshawar Dental College Ripah International UniversityIslamabad 46000Pakistan Department of Psychiatry The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Psychology University of VictoriaVictoria BC V8P 5C2Canada Department of Social Psychology Zhytomyr State UniversityZhytomyr 10002Ukraine National Psychological Association Mental Health for Ukraine ProjectEuropean Federation of Psychologists'AssociationGFAKyiv 04071Ukraine School of Psychology Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety were both ranked among the top 25 leading causes of global burden of diseases in 2019 prior to the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** pandemic affected,and in many cases threatened,the health and lives of millions of people across the globe and within the first year,global prevalence of anxiety and depression increased by 25%with the greatest influx in places highly affected by *** To explore the psychological impact of the pandemic and resultant restrictions in different countries using an opportunistic sample and online questionnaire in different phases of the *** A repeated,cross-sectional online international survey of adults,16 years and above,was carried out in 10 countries(United Kingdom,India,Canada,Bangladesh,Ukraine,Hong Kong,Pakistan,Egypt,Bahrain,Saudi Arabia).The online questionnaire was based on published approaches to understand the psychological impact of COVID-19 and the resultant *** standardised measures were included to explore levels of depression[patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9)],anxiety[generalized anxiety disorder(GAD)assessment],impact of trauma[the impact of events scale-revised(IES-R)],loneliness(a brief loneliness scale),and social support(The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social support).RESULTS There were two rounds of the online survey in 10 countries with 42866 participants in Round 1 and 92260 in Round *** largest number of participants recruited from the United Kingdom(112985 overall).The majority of participants reported receiving no support from mental health services throughout the *** study found that the daily cumulative COVID-19 cases had a statistically significant effect on PHQ-9,GAD-7,and IES-R *** scores significantly increased in the second round of surveys with the ordinary least squares regression results with regression discontinuity design specification(to control lockdown effects)confirming these ***

关键词： COVID-19 Mental health Global research International Pandemic Impact

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide in human plasma for bioequivalence studies

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第4期6卷 226-234页

作者： Dhiraj M.rathod Keyur R.Patel Hiren N.Mistri Arvind G.Jangid Pranav S.Shrivastav Mallika Sanyal Department of Chemistry Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya Bioanalytical Research Department Accutest Research Lab Department of Chemistry School of SciencesGujarat University Department of Chemistry St.Xavier's College

An improved high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） method has been developed for sensitive and rapid determination of albendazole（ABZ） and its active metabolite,albendazole sulfoxide（ABZSO）,in the positive ionization *** method utilized solid phase extraction（SPE） for sample preparation of the analytes and their deuterated internal standards（ISs） from100 μL human *** chromatography was carried out on Hypurity C_（18） column using acetonitrile-2.0 mM ammonium acetate,pH 5.0（80：20,v/v） as the mobile *** assay exhibited a linear response over the concentration range of 0.200-50.0 ng/mL for ABZ and 3.00-600 ng/mL for *** recoveries of the analytes and ISs ranged from 86.03%-89.66%and 89.85%-98.94%,*** effect,expressed as IS-normalized matrix factors,ranged from 0.985 to 1.042 for the both *** method was successfully applied for two separate studies in healthy subjects using single dose of 400 mg conventional tablets and 400 mg chewable ABZ tablets,respectively.

关键词： Albendazole Albendazole sulfoxide LC-MS/MS Solid phase extraction Bioequivalence study

Engineering a folic acid-decorated ultrasmall gemcitabine nanocarrier for breast cancer therapy: Dual targeting of tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第3期12卷 1148-1162页

作者： Pearl Moharil Zhuoya Wan Apurva Pardeshi Jiang Li Haozhe Huang Zhangyi Luo Sanjay rathod Ziqian Zhang Yuang Chen Bei Zhang Christian A.Fernandez Jingjing Sun Song Li Center for Pharmacogenetics Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceSchool of PharmacyUniversity of PittsburghPA 15261USA

Combination of passive targeting with active targeting is a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ***,most reported polymeric systems have sizes above100 nm,which limits effective extravasation into tumors that are poorly vascularized and have dense *** will,in turn,limit the overall effectiveness of the subsequent uptake by tumor cells via active *** this study,we combined the passive targeting via ultra-small-sized gemcitabine(GEM)-based nanoparticles(NPs)with the active targeting provided by folic acid(FA)conjugation for enhanced dual targeted delivery to tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs).We developed an FAmodified prodrug carrier based on GEM(PGEM)to load doxorubicin(DOX),for co-delivery of GEM and DOX to *** co-delivery system showed small particle size of~10 nm in *** ligand-free and FA-targeted micelles showed comparable drug loading efficiency and a sustained DOX release *** FA-conjugated micelles effectively increased DOX uptake in cultured KB cancer cells that express a high level of folate receptor(FR),but no obvious increase was observed in 4T1.2 breast cancer cells that have a low-level expression of ***,in vivo,systemic delivery of FAPGEM/DOX led to enhanced accumulation of the NPs in tumor and drastic reduction of tumor growth in a murine 4T1.2 breast cancer *** study showed that 4T1.2 tumor grown in mice expressed a significantly higher level of FOLR2,which was selectively expressed on ***,targeting of TAM may also contribute to the improved in vivo targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy.

关键词： Folic acid Gemcitabine Polymeric micelles Breast cancer Dual targeting Tumor associated macrophages Ultrasmall nanocarrier Doxorubicin

Design, Manufacture and Measurements of Beta-Type Stirling Engine with Rhombic Drive Mechanism

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2016年第4期6卷 113-128页

作者： Mohammed Yunus Mohammad S. Alsoufi Anil Kumar rathod Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture Umm Al-Qura University Makkah KSA Mechanical Engineering Department HKBK College of Engineering Bangalore India

The purpose of carrying out present work is to design, build and test a rhombic drive Stirling engine with a β-type configuration consisting of two dynamic pistons (displacer and power) reciprocates in the in-line concentric cylinder arrangement. The displacement rod is assembled concentrically inside the power piston rod. The rhombic drive mechanism is proposed in such a way that, by using a pair of gear wheels the sliding motion of both piston rods is controlled and thus, an engine is balanced. The developed prototype has a swept volume of 75 cm3 with the displacer piston and power piston cylinder hot ends heated by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) burner and cooled water, respectively. It uses air as the working gas at atmospheric pressure for initial charging of the engine. Several designs were studied before settling on a β-type configuration. The LPG gas burner was considered as a potential heat source. The various elements of an engine (heater, cooler, re-generator, flywheel and piping systems) were designed, constructed and analyzed. The testing results revealed that the engine at initial atmospheric air filling started working in only about 120 seconds at an LPG heater temperature of 400℃ (824°F) with 280 rpm. At a heater temperature of 550℃ (1022°F), the engine speed was 630 rpm. At the engine speed of 245 rpm, the maximum torque was 0.215 Nm, while the maximum power was 8 Watts at 355 rpm. Engine speed increased with the increase of flame temperature. Several tests were performed on the engine to improve its running efficiency and critical problem areas were isolated and addressed. Moreover, results revealed that Stirling engines working with relatively low-temperature air are potentially attractive engines of the future, especially LPG powered low temperature differential Stirling engines. The Stirling engine was capable of generating between 50 to 100 Watts of electricity.

关键词： Stirling Engine Engine Performance Rhombic Driving Mechanisms β-Type

A Ring-Reinforced Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit Is Associated with Better Regional Mechanics after Stage I Norwood Operation

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第5期17卷 591-603页

作者： Benjamin Zielonka David M.Harrild Sunil J.Ghelani Eleni G.Elia Christopher W.Baird Andrew J.Powell Rahul H.rathod Department of Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA

Background:The right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit(RVPAC)may impair right ventricular(RV)function in patients with functional single right *** of the RVPAC using a ring-reinforced end with dunked insertion into the RV through a limited ventriculotomy may reduce the impact on RV *** compared RV segmental strain between patients with a traditional RVPAC and ring-reinforced RVPAC using feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)***:Patients with CMR examinations after Stage I operation with RVPAC between 2000 and 2018 were *** mass,volumes,late gadolinium enhancement(LGE),and peak radial and circumferential strain of the 4 segments near the RVPAC insertion site were ***:The study included 71 CMR examinations in 61 patients(30 traditional RVPAC,31 ring-reinforced RVPAC).Prior to Stage II,the ring-reinforced RVPAC group had better peak radial strain and circumferential strain in 1 of 4 segments proximal to the RVPAC insertion site compared to the traditional RVPAC *** to Stage III operation,the ring-reinforced group had better peak radial and circumferential strain in 2 of 4 *** at the RVPAC insertion site was observed in 97%of patients before Stage II and 95%of patients before Stage *** type and regional strain were not associated with transplant-free survival during a median follow-up of 6.3 ***:Compared to a traditional RVPAC,the ring-reinforced RVPAC is associated with improved regional mechanics at the conduit insertion *** investigation of long-term outcomes after ring-reinforced RVPAC is warranted.

关键词： Single ventricle hypoplastic left heart syndrome cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking