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multi-media compartments for assessing ecological and health risks from concurrent exposure to multiple contaminants on Bhola Island,Bangladesh

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 134-150页

作者： Tasrina Rabia Choudhury Tanjeela Islam Abu Reza md Towfiqul Islam md Hasanuzzaman Abubakr m.Idris m.Safiur Rahman Edris Alam a.m.sarwaruddin chowdhury Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry DivisionAtomic Energy Centre DhakaBangladesh Atomic Energy CommissionDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh Department of Disaster management Begum Rokeya UniversityRangpur5400Bangladesh Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61431Saudi Arabia Research Center for Advanced materials Science(RCAmS) King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Water Quality Research Laboratory Chemistry DivisionAtomic Energy Centre DhakaBangladesh Atomic Energy CommissionDhaka1000Bangladesh Faculty of Resilience Rabdan AcademyAbu Dhabi22401United Arab Emirates Department of Geography and Environmental Studies University of ChittagongChittagong4331Bangladesh

In this study,a set of coupled multi-media compartments(i.e.,sediment,soil,water and vegetable)was used to assess ecological and health risks from the ingestion of 11 PTEs(Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Hg,Cu,Zn,Ni,Co,Fe,and mn)and their transportation routes in the water-soil-plant system from the coastal Bhola Island,*** mean concentrations of Cd,Pb,and Co for soil and Cd,Co,and As for sediment were higher than their reference *** contrast,Cd,Pb,and Ni concentrations in water surpassed the acceptable limits set by national and international laws and were considered unsuitable for drinking *** demonstrated high Pb and Cd contents,demonstrating a potential food safety risk to the *** of principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that Cd,Pb,Hg,Cu,Ni and Zn sources were likely to be anthropogenic,especially agro-farming inputs,whereas the Fe,As,Cr,mn,and Co sources were similar to natural ***,Cd,Pb and Co are the key contaminants in the study area and pose the elevated health and ecological risks in the coastal *** and Pb exhibited higher ecological risks in soils and sediments,as Pb had the highest bio-accessibility(BA;0.02±0.003)and Cd possessed a high bioaccumulation factor(BCF;0.004±0.006).The self-organizing map analysis recognized three spatial patterns which are good agreement with *** average hazard index(HI)values for soil were above the permissible level(HI>1)set by the respective agency;two times higher HI values were noticed for children than adults,suggesting children are highly susceptible to health *** monitoring and source controls for Cd and Pb,along with agro-farming management practices,need to be implemented to reduce the risk of PTE contamination to the aquatic ecosystem and its inhabitants.

关键词： Health risk assessment Potentially toxic elements Coastal environment Water-soil-plants Aquatic ecosystem

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mediastinal emphysema in the context of perforated gastric ulcer

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第15期12卷 2479-2481页

作者： Debkumar chowdhury Department of Emergency medicine Wythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom

In the context of mediastinal emphysema/pneumomediastinum,the main aetiologies are associated with oesophageal perforation,lung pathology or post head and neck surgery *** main way to differentiate the pathologies would be through Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Thorax and abdomen with oral and intravenous contrast in the context of triple phase *** causes of pneumomediastinum should be differentiated between traumatic and *** perforation(Boerhaave syndrome)is associated with mackler’s triad in upto 50%of patients(severe retrosternal chest pain,pneumomediastinum,mediastinitis).Whereas in cases of lung pathology this can be associated with pneumothorax and pleural effusion.

关键词： Pneumomediastinum Duodenal ulcer Computed tomography Visceral perforation Diagnostic imaging Emergency care

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Detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin m.Knight Connor m.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner Joseph R.Smith Chris m.Orban Juan J.manfredi Kyle D.Frische michael L.Dexter Enam A.chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(m) D_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 meV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

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Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Short-Term Results from a Single Center in Bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2024年第9期14卷 145-156页

作者： muhit Abdullah md. Abir Tazim chowdhury Satyajit Sharma Rehana Akther munama magdum munjerin Refat Synthee md. Zafar-Al-Nimari Saikat Das Gupta Saleh Ahmed Samir Kumar Biswas m. Quamrul Islam Talukder Farooque Ahmed Department of Cardiac Surgery National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute (NHFH&RI) Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute & Hospital Khamarbari Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute of Preventive and Social medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Square Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is considered a safer alternative to on-pump surgery, especially in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Objectives: This study assessed short-term outcomes and functional improvements in LVD patients post-OPCAB. methods: The study included 200 coronary artery disease patients who underwent isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) at the National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute between January 2019 and June 2020. Patients were categorized into Group 1, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30% - 39%, and Group 2, with an LVEF of 40% or higher. Echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction were performed preoperatively, at discharge, and one month postoperatively. Results: In Group 1, preoperative left ventricular internal dimensions during diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) were 53.48 ± 4.40 mm and 44.23 ± 3.93 mm, respectively, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35.28% ± 2.26%. At discharge, these values improved to 51.58 ± 4.04 mm (LVIDd), 41.23 ± 5.30 mm (LVIDs), and 39.25% ± 3.75% (LVEF). One month postoperatively, further improvements were observed: 46.29 ± 3.76 mm (LVIDd), 37.45 ± 3.68 mm (LVIDs), and 43.22% ± 4.67% (LVEF). Group 2 showed similar positive outcomes, with preoperative values of 47.09 ± 5.06 mm (LVIDd), 35.11 ± 5.25 mm (LVIDs), and 50.13% ± 7.25% (LVEF), improving to 42.37 ± 4.18 mm (LVIDd), 31.05 ± 4.19 mm (LVIDs), and 55.33% ± 7.05% (LVEF) at one month postoperatively. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in left ventricular function and NYHA class, with most patients moving from class III/IV to I/II. Complications were minimal, and no mortality was observed. Conclusion: OPCAB is safe and effective for patients with LVEF 30% - 39% and LVEF ≥ 40%, providing significant short-term functional improvements without increased risk.

关键词： Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD) Short-Term Outcomes

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Comparison of Propofol and Fentanyl for Preventing Emergence Agitation Following Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: A Single-Center Study in Bangladesh

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第6期15卷 223-235页

作者： md. Saiful Islam Khan md. Abir Tazim chowdhury Farzana Fardousi munama magdum md. Ahaduzzaman Taneem mohammad Shamima Akter Suriya Akter md. Saiful Islam Azad md. mozaffer Hossain m. Abdur Rahman Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Evercare Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Pathology National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Preventive and Social medicine National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Anesthesia Sheikh Sayera Khatun Medical College Gopalgonj Bangladesh Department of Anesthesia Dhaka Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Anesthesia Combined Military Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Anesthesia National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Anesthesia Bangladesh Medical College Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common phenomenon observed in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of propofol and fentanyl in preventing EA and to compare their associated complications or side effects. methods: This prospective randomized observational comparative study was conducted at Dhaka medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of propofol and fentanyl on EA in children aged 18 to 72 months undergoing circumcision, herniotomy, and polypectomy operations. Ninety children were included in the study, with 45 in each group. Patients with psychological or neurological disorders were excluded. Various parameters including age, sex, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, duration of anesthesia, Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SPO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, incidence of laryngospasm, nausea, vomiting, and rescue drug requirement were compared between the two groups. Results: Age, sex, weight, ASA class, and duration of anesthesia were comparable between the two groups. Perioperative SpO2 and HR were similar in both groups. However, the PAED score was significantly higher in the fentanyl group during all follow-ups except at 30 minutes postoperatively. The mean duration of PACU stay was significantly longer in the fentanyl group. Although the incidence of laryngospasm was higher in the fentanyl group, it was not statistically significant. Conversely, nausea or vomiting was significantly higher in the fentanyl group. The requirement for rescue drugs was significantly higher in the fentanyl group compared to the propofol group. Conclusion: Both propofol and fentanyl were effective in preventing emergence agitation in pediatric patients undergoing various surgical procedures under sevoflurane anesthesia. However, propo

关键词： Emergence Agitation (EA) General Anesthesia Propofol Fentanyl Pediatric Patients Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) Score Bangladesh

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OH and O radicals production in atmospheric pressure air/Ar/H_2O gliding arc discharge plasma jet

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第12期19卷 71-80页

作者： N C ROY m R TALUKDER A N chowdhury Plasma Science and Technology Laboratory Department of Applied Physics and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratory Rajshahi Rajshahi 6206Bangladesh

Atmospheric pressure air/Ar/H_2O gliding arc discharge plasma is produced by a pulsed dc power supply. An optical emission spectroscopic（OES） diagnostic technique is used for the characterization of plasmas and for identifications of OH and O radicals along with other species in the plasmas. The OES diagnostic technique reveals the excitation Tx？≈？5550–9000 K, rotational Tr？≈？1350–2700 K and gas Tg？≈？850–1600 K temperatures, and electron density n？（1.1-1.9） ′101 4 cm^（-3） e under different experimental conditions. The production and destruction of OH and O radicals are investigated as functions of applied voltage and air flow rate. Relative intensities of OH and O radicals indicate that their production rates are increased with increasing Ar content in the gas mixture and applied voltage. nereveals that the higher densities of OH and O radicals are produced in the discharge due to more effective electron impact dissociation of H_2O and O_2 molecules caused by higher kinetic energies as gained by electrons from the enhanced electric field as well as by enhanced n *** productions of OH and O are decreasing with increasing air flow rate due to removal of Joule heat from the discharge region but enhanced air flow rate significantly modifies discharge maintenance properties. Besides, Tgsignificantly reduces with the enhanced air flow rate. This investigation reveals that Ar plays a significant role in the production of OH and O radicals.

关键词： reactive oxygen species(ROS) optical emission spectroscopy(OES) gliding arc discharge plasma kinetics broadening mechanism

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Inorganic arsenic： A non-genotoxic carcinogen

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 28-37页

作者： Samuel m.Cohen Aparajita chowdhury Lora L.Arnold Department of Pathology and microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-3135 USA.

Inorganic arsenic induces a variety of toxicities including cancer. The mode of action for cancer and non-cancer effects involves the metabolic generation of trivalent arsenicals and their reaction with sulfhydryl groups within critical proteins in various cell types which leads to the biological response. In epithelial cells, the response is cell death with consequent regenerative proliferation. If this continues for a long period of time, it can result in an increased risk of cancer. Arsenicals do not react with DNA. There is evidence for indirect genotoxicity in various in vitro and in vivo systems, but these involve exposures at cytotoxic concentrations and are not the basis for cancer development. The resulting markers of genotoxicity could readily be due to the cytotoxicity rather than an effect on the DNA itself. Evidence for genotoxicity in humans has involved detection of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes and micronucleus formation in lymphocytes, buccal mucosal cells, and exfoliated urothelial cells in the urine. Numerous difficulties have been identified in the interpretation of such results, including inadequate assessment of exposure to arsenic, measurement of micronuclei, and potential confounding factors such as tobacco exposure, folate deficiency, and others. Overall, the data strongly supports a non-linear dose response for the effects of inorganic arsenic. In various in vitro and in vivo models and in human epidemiology studies there appears to be a threshold for biological responses, including cancer.

关键词： Arsenic Cancer Genotoxicity Cytotoxicity Regeneration Cell proliferation

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Atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasma treatments for improving germination, growth and yield of wheat

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第11期20卷 90-100页

作者： N C ROY m m HASAN A H KABIR m A REZA m R TALUKDER A N chowdhury Plasma Science and Technology Laboratory Department of Applied Physics and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh Depatment of Botany University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205Bangladesh Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205Bangladesh Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratory Rajshahi Rajshahi 6206Bangladesh

Wheat （Triticum aestivum） seeds were treated with atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasmas to investigate the effects on water absorption, seed germination rate, seedling growth and yield in wheat. The surface architectures and functionalities of the seeds were found to modify due to plasma treatments. 6 rain treatment was provided 95%-100% germination rate. For the treatment duration of 3 and 9 rain the growth activity, dry matter accumulation, leaves chlorophyll contents, longest spikes, number of spikes/spikelet and total soluble protein content in shoots were improved. The grain yield of wheat was increased ,--20% by 6 min treatment with H2O/O2 plasma with respect to control.

关键词： atmospheric pressure gliding arc discharge plasmas wheat germination growth improvement total soluble protein

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A simple and inexpensive method for muddy shore profiling

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第6期32卷 1383-1391页

作者： Sayedur Rahman chowdhury m.Shahadat HOSSAIN S.m.SHARIFUZZAmAN Institute of marine Sciences and Fisheries University of Chittagong

There are several well-established methods for obtaining beach profiles, and more accurate and precise high-tech methods are emerging. Traditional low-cost methods requiring minimal user skill or training are still popular among professionals, scientists, and coastal zone management practitioners. Simple methods are being developed with a primary focus on sand and gravel beaches. This paper describes a simple, low-cost, manual field method for measuring profiles of beaches, which is particularly suitable for muddy shores. The equipment is a type of flexible U-tube manometer that uses liquid columns in vertical tubes to measure differences in elevation; the supporting frame is constructed from wooden poles with base disks, which hold measuring scales and a PVC tube. The structure was trialed on a mudflat characterized by a 20~0-cm-thick surface layer of silt and clay, located at the Kutubdia Island, Bangladesh. The study results are discussed with notes on the method＇s applicability, advantages and limitations, and several optional modifications for different scenarios for routine profiling of muddy shores. The equipment can be used by one person or two people, and the accuracy of the method is comparable to those in other methods. The equipment can also be used on sandy or gravel beaches.

关键词： topographic profile beach profiling field equipment

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Does a fall from a standing height warrant computed tomography in an elderly patient with polytrauma?

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2023年第4期14卷 302-306页

作者： Debkumar chowdhury Specialty Registrar Emergency MedicineManchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom

The importance of performing an early primary survey in‘silver trauma’patients in the detection of injuries has been well documented in reducing the associated morbidity and mortality.[1]In the past,when whole body computed tomography(WBCT)was not commonly available,following initial examination patients would undergo chest radiograph and pelvic X-ray and then proceed to selective computed tomography(CT).With the relatively widespread availability of CT,the use of these X-rays has *** reliance on clinical examination alone for the detection of underlying injuries is another matter of debate.

关键词： injuries trauma mortality

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