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Neonatal opioid exposure:public health crisis and novel neuroinflammatory disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 430-432页

作者： Vikram Vasan Yuma Kitase Jessie C.Newville Shenandoah robinson Gwendolyn Gerner V.Joanna Burton lauren l.Jantzie Department of Pediatrics Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDDepartment of NeurologyKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMDDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMDepartment of NeurosciencesUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNMUSA

Substance use,specifically the use of prescription and non-prescription opioids among pregnant women,is a major public health issue and chief contributor to the opioid *** prevalence of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome has risen 5-fold in the past decade,and is a well-recognized consequence of perinatal opioid *** contrast,the long-term damage to the developing brain from opioid medications is just beginning to be recognized as a serious *** data suggest that opioid exposure commencing in utero negatively affects the maturation of the neural-immune system,and trajectory of central nervous system *** induces peripheral immune hyper-reactivity,lasting structural and microstructural brain injury,and significant deficits in executive function and cognitive control in adult animals following in utero ***,to address the cascading public health crisis stemming from the multitude of infants with in utero opioid exposure who will grow up with altered neurodevelopmental trajectories,rigorous preclinical,mechanistic studies are *** studies will define the long-term sequelae of prenatal opioid exposure in an effort to develop appropriate and targeted ***,the development of novel fluid,neuroimaging and biobehavioral biomarkers will be the most useful to aid in early identification and treatment of opioid exposed infants with the greatest risk of poor clinical *** studies will be essential to understand how in utero insults determine brain structure and function in adulthood,and what targeted interventions will be required to improve longterm outcomes in the countless children being born exposed to opioids each year.

关键词： biomarker buprenorphine cognition executive function magnetic resonance imaging methadone neonate

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The Importance of Evidence for the Integration of Traditional and Complementary Medicine into Western Healthcare?

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第1期2卷 74-79页

作者： Nicola robinson Allied Health Sciences School of Health & Social Care London South Bank University

Policy makers should consider improving access to treatments normally considered outside of healthcare in the west, particularly given the recent WHO strategy. However, research on integrating traditional and complementary medicines(T&CM) into conventional health care is lacking. T& CM approaches, may provide a cost effective option given the increase in chronic diseases with evidence of effectiveness of T& CM being key if such approaches are to be offered as part of integrative patient care, in most countries, an integrated healthcare approach is unavailable to patients. Evidence based clinical guidelines on T& CM should influence care provision. However evidence that is available may not even be cited. Poor use of evidence may possibly be a reflection of lack of knowledge and/or biases of guideline developers but additionally stakeholders vary in their perceived need for evidence to implement health policy change. Journal editors should focus on publishing high quality manuscripts, with clear rationales, design and reporting frameworks. Researchers should consider carrying out careful feasibility studies prior to conducting trials taking into account the UK Medical Research Council's framework on complex interventions. Examples of feasibility studies highlighting their importance for trial design are given in this paper. If preparation for more definitive studies is conducted this will in turn improve the quality of research being designed, executed and published and subsequently encourage the inclusion of evidence by guideline developers. Robust evidence is necessary in order to inform governments' health policies providing appropriate T&CM interventions which can ultimately help to provide best patient care.

关键词： Integrated medicine traditional and complementary medicine clinical guidelines evidence based medicine Delphi Technique acupuncture

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Hyporheic Zone Flow Disruption from Channel linings： Implications for the Hydrology and Geochemistry of an Urban Stream, St. louis, Missouri, USA

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第1期27卷 98-109页

作者： elizabeth a.hasenmueller heather k.robinson Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63108 USA

Cement channel linings in an urban stream in St. louis, Missouri increase event water contributions during flooding, shorten transport times, and magnify geochemical variability on both short and seasonal timescales due to disruption of hyporheic flowpaths. Detailed analyses of water isotopes, major and trace elements, and in situ water quality data for an individual flood event reveal that baseflow contributions rise by 8% only 320 m downstream of the point where this particular channel changes from cement-lined to unlined. However, additional hydrograph separations indicate baseflow contributions are variable and can be much higher（average baseflow increase is 16%）. Stream electrical conductivity（EC） and solute concentrations in the lined reach were up to 25% lower during peak flow than in the unlined channel, indicating a greater event flow fraction. In contrast, during low flow, stream EC and solute concentrations in the lined reach were up to 30% higher due to the restricted inflow of more dilute groundwater. Over longer timescales, EC, solute concentrations, turbidity, and bacterial loads decrease downstream signifying increasing contributions of dilute baseflow. The decreased connectivity of surface waters and groundwaters along the hyporheic zone in lined channels increases the hydrologic and geochemical variability of urban streams.

关键词： stream channel linings hyporheic zone groundwater-surface water interactions,flood hydrograph urban geochemistry urban streams.

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Designing Pair of Nonlinear Components of a Block Cipher over Gaussian Integers

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 5287-5305页

作者： Muhammad Sajjad Tariq Shah robinson Julian Serna Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Escuela de Matemáticas y Estadística Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaTunja150003Columbia

In block ciphers,the nonlinear components,also known as sub-stitution boxes(S-boxes),are used with the purpose of inducing confusion in *** the last decade,most of the work on designing S-boxes over the points of elliptic curves has been *** main purpose of these studies is to hide data and improve the security levels of crypto *** this work,we design pair of nonlinear components of a block cipher over the residue class of Gaussian integers(GI).The fascinating features of this structure provide S-boxes pair at a time by fixing three *** the prime field dependent on the Elliptic curve(EC)provides one S-box at a time by fixing three parameters a,b,and *** newly designed pair of S-boxes are assessed by various tests like nonlinearity,bit independence criterion,strict avalanche criterion,linear approximation probability,and differential approximation probability.

关键词： Gaussian integers residue class of gaussian integers block cipher S-boxes analysis of S-boxes

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Atomic Crosschain Transactions for Ethereum Private Sidechains

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 23-39页

作者： Peter robinson Raghavendra Ramesh Sandra Johnson ConsenSys Software R&D Brisbane4520Australia School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers(ACEMS) Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland 4001Australia

The Atomic Crosschain Transaction for Ethereum Private Sidechains protocol allows composable programming across permissioned Ethereum *** allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic:if one part fails,the whole call tree of function calls is *** protocol is not based on existing techniques such as Hash Time locked Contracts,relay chains,block header transfer,or trusted *** uses(a)threshold signatures to prove values across blockchains,(b)coordination contracts to manage the state of crosschain transactions,and(c)a function call tree commitment scheme to allow users to commit to a call tree and then later check that the correct function calls have been *** paper analyses the processing overhead of using this technique compared to using multiple standard non-atomic single blockchain *** additional processing is analysed for four scenarios involving multiple blockchains:a Trade–Finance system,the Hotel–Train problem,a Supply Chain with Provenance,and an *** protocol is shown to have both safety and liveness properties.

关键词： Crosschain Blockchain Transaction Atomic Ethereum

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Quantifying cold front induced water transport of a bay with in situ observations using manned and unmanned boats

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第11期37卷 1-7页

作者： WEEKS Eddie robinson Mark E lI Chunyan Coastal Studies Institute Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University

The generation of high-resolution data is increasingly important in understanding the complexities of coastal ocean and developing sound management strategies, especially in view of the long-term impact of severe weather systems. The impact of severe weather systems, when integrated over time, can be significant when compared with tidal oscillations. This paper presents a study of water transport out of Vermilion Bay in response to a short, intense event associated with a passing atmospheric cold front, and reports the application of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） mounted on an Automated Surface Craft （ASC）, known as the auto-boat or unmanned boat, developed in our lab at the louisiana State University, to generate high resolution data accurately at a fraction of the cost of a manned boat. In our study, we used a manned boat and an unmanned boat, each for over 24 h to cover an entire diurnal tidal cycle, to measure flow velocity profiles to calculate the total transport. A stationary ADCP was deployed in the Southwest Pass of the Vermilion Bay from May 2009 to April 2012, providing data almost continuously （with only one major gap）, with a 717-day record of water transport between the northern Gulf of Mexico and Vermilion Bay, and demonstrates the importance of the pass in water transport.

关键词： cold fronts unmanned boat Vermillion Bay Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler surveys regression on transport

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Investigation of extracted Sclerocarya birrea seed oil as a bioenergy resource for compression ignition engines

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第3期5卷 59-67页

作者： Ejilah robinson Abdulkadir lukman Adisa Bello Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Federal PolytechnicBauchiNigeria Mechanical Engineering Programme Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchiNigeria

Sclerocarya birrea(Marula)seed oil was extracted and characterized for its physico-chemical properties and fatty acid compositions,respectively,by using standardized laboratory methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist(AOAC).The fuel and lubrication properties of marula oil were also determined by using the ASTM methods,and the oil was evaluated in terms of its antiwear,viscometrics,volatility,stability,environmental compatibility properties and energy *** was found that the high percentage of mono-unsaturated oleic acid(73.6%)provided the oiliness that makes marula oil a natural alternative to genetically modify high oleic acid sunflower oil used in biodiesel *** aggregate properties of seed oiliness as exemplified by the high oleic acid content,high saponification value(178.6 mg/KOH)and viscosity(41 mm2/s)makes marula oil to be prospective based oil for engine crank case biolubricants with antiwear and friction reduction ***,the higher oil viscosity exhibited by marula seed oil in comparison to diesel could pose some durability problems to compression ignition engines,when used directly as ***,the reduction of oil viscosity would be required by heating,blending with diesel fuel,or by transesterification to forestall the risk of engine failure resulting from the use of unmodified marula *** flash point of marula oil(235℃)is somewhat close to that of monograde SAE 40 mineral oil(240℃),and appreciably higher than that of diesel fuel(52℃).The high flash point makes the seed oil less flammable and ensures safer handling and ***,the low pour point(-13.7℃)ensures the oil usability for engines at cold start and under low load *** oxidation stability of marula oil is ascribed to the traces of natural antioxidants presented in the oil and improves the oil’s shelf life,notwithstanding the high peroxide value(4.58 mequiv/kg),and linolenic acid content(0.3%),which ought to have be

关键词： marula seed oil high oleic acid oxidation stability cetane number heating value bioenergy resource compression ignition engine

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Ground of a Theory:The language Codes of Roland Barthes and American Critical Structuralism

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language and Semiotic Studies 2021年第1期7卷 79-106页

作者： John Timothy robinson The Woven Tale Press

This paper is an application of Johnathan Culler’s Structuralist Poetics from 1975 combined with the language codes of Roland Barthes which he developed in his study of S/Z to the close reading of ***’s main argument is that there must be another strategy combined with all major approaches in Structuralist thought in that time *** answer to this problem was to develop a set of strategies or concepts to compensate for the reader in the analysis of literary works.I outline in this essay my approach based on the language codes of Roland Barthes:semantic,symbolic,cultural-referential,actional and *** a brief discussion of my understanding and contextualization of Structuralism today for this particular genre application,I apply the concepts to a reading of the famous William Carlos Williams’poem,"The Red Wheelbarrow"as a test-case application of the concepts.

关键词： poetry literary theory Structuralism poetics

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liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第3期13卷 267-276页

作者： Mark W robinson Cathal Harmon Cliona O'Farrelly School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D2 Ireland School of Medicine TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D2 Ireland

The human liver is usually perceived as a non-immunological organ engaged primarily in metabolic, nutrient storage and detoxification activities. However, we now know that the healthy liver is also a site of complex immunological activity mediated by a diverse immune cell repertoire as well as non-hematopoietic cell populations. In the nondiseased liver, metabolic and tissue remodeling functions require elements of inflammation. This inflammation, in combination with regular exposure to dietary and microbial products, creates the potential for excessive immune activation. In this complex microenvironment, the hepatic immune system tolerates harmless molecules while at the same time remaining alert to possible infectious agents, malignant cells or tissue damage. Upon appropriate immune activation to challenge by pathogens or tissue damage, mechanisms to resolve inflammation are essential to maintain liver homeostasis. Failure to clear ＇dangerous＇ stimuli or regulate appropriately activated immune mechanisms leads to pathological inflammation and disrupted tissue homeostasis characterized by the progressive development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventual liver failure. Hepatic inflammatory mechanisms therefore have a spectrum of roles in the healthy adult liver; they are essential to maintain tissue and organ homeostasis and, when dysregulated, are key drivers of the liver pathology associated with chronic infection, autoimmunity and malignancy. In this review, we explore the changing perception of inflammation and inflammatory mediators in normal liver homeostasis and propose targeting of liver-specific immune regulation pathways as a therapeutic approach to treat liver disease.

关键词： homeostasis immunology inflammation liver tolerance

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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith liwen Zhou Cameron l.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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