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Combining thermal scanning probe lithography and dry etching for grayscale nanopattern amplification

microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 335-344页

作者： Berke Erbas Ana Conde-Rubio Xia liu Joffrey Pernollet Zhenyu Wang Arnaud Bertsch marcos Penedo Georg Fantner mitali Banerjee Andras kis Giovanni Boero Juergen Brugger microsystems laboratory École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Center of microNanoTechnology(Cmi) EPFLLausanne 1015Switzerland laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland laboratory for Bio-and Nano-Instrumentation École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland laboratory of Quantum Physics Topology and CorrelationsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)Lausanne 1015Switzerland Present address:Institute of materials Science of Barcelona ICmAB-CSIC Campus UABBellaterra 08193Spain Present address:School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and DevicesBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Grayscale structured surfaces with nanometer-scale features are used in a growing number of applications in optics and *** scanning probe lithography achieves a lateral resolution below 10 nm and a vertical resolution below 1 nm,but its maximum depth in polymers is ***,we present an innovative combination of nanowriting in thermal resist and plasma dry etching with substrate cooling,which achieves up to 10-fold amplification of polymer nanopatterns into SiO_(2) without proportionally increasing surface *** nanopatterns in SiO_(2) with 400 nm pitch and 150 nm depth are fabricated free of shape distortion after dry *** exemplify the possible applications of the proposed method,grayscale dielectric nanostructures are used for scalable manufacturing through nanoimprint lithography and for strain nanoengineering of 2D *** a method for aspect ratio amplification and smooth grayscale nanopatterning has the potential to find application in the fabrication of photonic and nanoelectronic devices.

关键词： lithography thermal pattern

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Catalytically altering the redox pathway of sulfur in propylene carbonate electrolyte using dual-nitrogen/oxygen-containing carbon

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第8期63卷 224-233页

作者： linghui Yu Heng Zhang luyuan Paul Wang Samuel Jun Hoong Ong Shibo Xi Bo Chen Rui Guo Ting Wang Yonghua Du Wei Chen Ovadia lev Zhichuan J.Xu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina School of materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Hubei Key laboratory of Biomass Fibers&Eco-Dyeing&Finishing Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment(ISCE2)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research in Singapore(A*STAR)1 Pesek RoadJurong Island 627833Singapore Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore College of the Environment&Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102FujianChina National Synchrotron light Source II Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA The Institute of Chemistry The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem 9190401Israel Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise NEW-CREATE Phase IICampus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Singapore138602Singapore Energy Research Institute@NTU ERI@NInterdisciplinary Graduate SchoolNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Carbonate electrolytes are one of the most desirable electrolytes for high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries(lSBs)because of their successful implementation in commercial li-ion *** low-polysulfide-solubility feature of some carbonate solvents also makes them very promising for overcoming the shuttle effects of ***,regular sulfur electrodes experience undesired electrochemical mechanisms in carbonate electrolytes due to side *** this study,we report a catalytic redox mechanism of sulfur in propylene carbonate(PC)electrolyte based on a compari-son *** catalytic mechanism is characterized by the interactions between polysulfides and dual N/O functional groups on the host carbon,which largely prevents side reactions between pol-ysulfides and the carbonate *** a mechanism coupled with the low-polysulfide-solubility feature leads to stable cycling of lSBs in PC *** dual N/O functional groups are identified via a density functional theory *** work provides an alternative route for enabling lSBs in carbonate electrolytes.

关键词： Energy storage lithium-sulfur battery Catalytic redox reaction Porous carbon Carbonate electrolyte

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multi-gene genetic programming extension of AASHTO m-E for design oflow-volume concrete pavements

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Journal of Road Engineering 2022年第3期2卷 252-266页

作者： Haoran li lev Khazanovich Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials mechanistic-Empirical Pavement DesignGuide (AASHTO m-E) offers an opportunity to design more economical and sustainable high-volume rigid pavementscompared to conventional design guidelines. It is achieved through optimizing pavement structural andthickness design under specified climate and traffic conditions using advanced m-E principles, thereby minimizingeconomic costs and environmental impact. However, the implementation of AASHTO m-E design for low-volumeconcrete pavements using AASHTOWare Pavement mE Design (Pavement mE) software is often overly *** is because Pavement mE specifies the minimum design thickness of concrete slab as 152.4 mm (6 in.). Thispaper introduces a novel extension of the AASHTO m-E framework for the design of low-volume joint plain concretepavements (JPCPs) without modification of Pavement mE. It utilizes multi-gene genetic programming (mGGP)-based computational models to obtain rapid solutions for JPCP damage accumulation and long-term performanceanalyses. The developed mGGP models simulate the fatigue damage and differential energy accumulations. Thispermits the prediction of transverse cracking and joint faulting for a wide range of design input parameters and axlespectrum. The developed mGGP-based models match Pavement mE-predicted cracking and faulting for rigidpavements with conventional concrete slab thicknesses and enable rational extrapolation of performance predictionfor thinner JPCPs. This paper demonstrates how the developed computational model enables sustainable lowvolumepavement design using optimized mE solutions for Pittsburgh, PA, conditions.

关键词： mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide low-volume roads Concrete pavement Transverse cracking Joint faulting multi-gene genetic programming(mGGP)

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Predicting elastic properties of hard-coating alloys using ab-initio and machine learning methods

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 139-148页

作者： H.levämäki F.Tasnádi D.G.Sangiovanni l.J.S.Johnson R.Armiento I.A.Abrikosov Department of Physics Chemistry and BiologyLinköping UniversitySE-58183LinköpingSweden Sandvik Coromant S-12680StockholmSweden materials modeling and Development laboratory National University of Science and Technology‘MISIS’119049MoscowRussia

Accelerated design of hard-coating materials requires state-of-the-art computational tools,which include data-driven techniques,building databases,and training machine learning *** develop a heavily automated high-throughput workflow to build a database of industrially relevant hard-coating materials,such as binary and ternary *** use the high-throughput toolkit to automate the density functional theory calculation *** present results,including elastic constants that are a key parameter determining mechanical properties of hard-coatings,for X_(1−x)Y_(x)N ternary nitrides,where X,Y∈{Al,Ti,Zr,Hf}and fraction x=0,1/4,1/2,3/4,*** also explore ways for machine learning to support and complement the designed *** find that the crystal graph convolutional neural network trained on ordered lattices has sufficient accuracy for the disordered nitrides,suggesting that existing databases provide important data for predicting mechanical properties of qualitatively different types of materials,in our case disordered hard-coating alloys.

关键词： coating alloys ternary

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A new cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 858-862页

作者： ZAKHAROV lev N. SlEBODNICK Carla RHEINGOlD Arnold l. GIBSON Harry W. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

A new cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane and its crown ether analog were synthesized and characterized by proton NmR, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray analysis. The Job plots based on proton NmR data demonstrated that both the complex between cryptand 1 and paraquat derivative 2a and the complex between bis(p-phenylene)-34-crown-10 (3) and paraquat derivative 2b have 1:1 stoichiometry in solution. The apparent association constants (Ka,exp) of 1·2a and 3·2b calculated for 1:1 complexes were 1.4 (±0.2) × 104 and 4.7 (± 0.5) × 102 m-1, respectively. X-ray analysis showed that 1·2a is stabilized by ten hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions in the solid state, while 3·2b is stabilized by four hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions. As well as in the X-ray structure of 1·2c, a water molecule acts as a hydrogen bridge between the β-pyridinium protons of 2a and the ether oxygen atoms of 1 in 1·2a. The successful preparation of 1·2a demonstrated that the tert-butyl group is not big enough to be a stopper for rotaxanes based on 1.

关键词： host-guest system self-assembly pseudorotaxane cryptand paraquat

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Clustering of Pathogen-Response Genes in the Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第10期53卷 824-834页

作者： Olga A.Postnikova Natalia Y.minakova Alexander m.Boutanaev lev G.Nemchinov United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServicePlant Sciences InstituteMolecular Plant Pathology Laboratory Institute of Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences

Previously, we used heterologous expressed sequence tag （EST） mapping to generate a profile of 4 935 pathogen-response genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. In this work, we performed a computer analysis of this profile, revealing 1594 non-homologous clustered genes distributed among all A. thafiana chromosomes, whose co-regulation may be related to host responses to pathogens. To supplement computer data, we arbitrarily selected two clusters and analyzed their expression levels in A. thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and C24 during infection with the yellow strain of Cucumber mosaic virus CmV（Y）. Ecotype Col-0 is susceptible to CmV（Y）, whereas C24 contains the dominant resistance gene RCY1. Upon infection with CmV（Y）, all clustered genes were significantly activated in the resistant ecotype C24. In addition, we demonstrated that posttranslational histone modifications associated with trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 are most likely involved in regulation of several cluster genes described in this study. Overall, our experiments indicated that pathogen-response genes in the genome of A. thaliana may be clustered and co-regulated.

关键词： CmV H3K27me3 heterologous EST mapping clustering of defense-related genes.

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Pseudogamous Apomixis in maize and Sorghum in Diploid-Tetraploid Crosses

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第4期88卷 389-401页

作者： marina Tsvetova lev Elkonin Yulia Italianskaya Agricultural Research Institute of South-East Region Department of BiotechnologySaratov410010Russia

Apomictic seed development is a complex process including formation of unreduced embryo sac,parthenogenetic embryo development from the egg cell,and endosperm formation either autonomously,or due to fertilization of polar nuclei by the sperm(under pseudogamous form of apomixis).In the latter case,an obstacle to the normal endosperm development is disturbance of maternal(m)-to-paternal(p)genomic ratio 2m:1p that occurs in the cases of pollination of unreduced embryo sac with haploid *** of tetraploid pollinators can overcome this problem because in such crosses maternal-to-paternal genomic ratio is 4m:2p that provides formation of kernels with plump *** tetraploid lines as pollen parents we observed formation of plump kernels on the ears and panicles of diploid maize and sorghum *** kernels had hybrid endosperm and diploid maternal-type embryo or hybrid embryo with different ploidy level(2n,3n,4n).The frequencies of plump kernels on the ear ranged from 0.2-0.3%to 5.7-6.2%counting from the number of ***-type plants were found in two maize lines,their frequency varying from 10.7 to 37.5%of the progeny *** CmS-lines of sorghum pollinated with tetraploid sorghum accessions,the frequency of plump kernels ranged from 0.6 to 14.0%counting from the number of ovaries;the frequency of maternal-type plants varied from 33.0 up to 96.1%.The hybrid nature of endosperm of the kernels that gave rise to maternal-type plants has been proved by marker gene expression and by SDS-electrophoresis of endosperm *** data testify to variable modes of seed formation under diploid×tetraploid crosses in maize and sorghum both by amphi-and by ***,usage of tetraploid pollinators might be a promising approach for isolation of apomixis in maize and sorghum accessions.

关键词： Interploidy crosses genomic balance unreduced embryo sac pseudogamous apomixis Zea mays l Sorghum bicolor(l.)moench

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Do We Need Dark Energy to Explain the Cosmological Acceleration?

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Journal of modern Physics 2012年第9期3卷 1185-1189页

作者： Felix m. lev Artwork Conversion Software Inc. Manhattan Beach USA

The phenomenon of the cosmological acceleration discovered in 1998 is usually explained as a manifestation of a hypothetical field called dark energy which is believed to contain more than 70% of the energy of the Universe. This explanation is based on the assumption that empty space-time background should be flat and hence a nonzero curvature of the background is a manifestation of a hidden matter. We argue that quantum theory should proceed not from space-time background but from a symmetry algebra. Then the cosmological acceleration can be easily and naturally explained from first principles of quantum theory without involving empty space-time background, dark energy and other artificial notions. We do not assume that the reader is an expert in the given field and the content of the paper can be understood by a wide audience of physicists.

关键词： Quantum Theory De Sitter Invariance Cosmological Constant

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Development of sorghum mutants with improved in vitro protein digestibility by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of kafirin genes

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作物学报:英文版 2023年第5期11卷 1411-1418页

作者： lev A.Elkonin Grigoriy A.Gerashchenkov Natalie V.Borisenko Odyssey A.Kenzhegulov Saule Kh.Sarsenova Natalya A.Rozhnova Valery m.Panin Federal Centre of Agriculture Research of South-East Region Saratov 410010Russia Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ufa 450054Russia

Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(l.) moench) is a major world crop that is a reliable source of fodder and food grain in arid regions. However, unlike other cereals, sorghum grain has low nutritional value, owing mainly to the resistance of its storage proteins(kafirins) to protease digestion. Changing the composition of kafirins or their primary structure may address this problem. To induce mutations in kafirin-encoding genes that were expected to disturb their accumulation in endosperm cells, we used a genome-editing approach. By Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of immature embryos of cv. Avans, we obtained 14 transgenic plants with genetic constructs for site-directed mutagenesis of the k1C5 and g KAF1 genes encoding 22 k Da a-and 28 kDa γ-kafirins, respectively. Sequencing of 5 regenerants obtained by using k1C5-addressing vector revealed two plants with mutations. T_1 progeny of these mutants had higher in vitro digestibility of endosperm proteins(86%–92%), in comparison with the donor Avans(63%–67%). The kernels of these plants had a thick vitreous endosperm. A mutant with increased in vitro protein digestibility and vitreous endosperm, carrying a mutation in the target sequence, was also obtained by use of the gKAF1-addressing vector. Thus, using genome editing technology, we have obtained mutants with improved kafirin digestibility that can be used in sorghum breeding.

关键词： Sorghum CRISPR/Cas Kafirins In vitro protein digestibility Vitreous endosperm

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Feasibility study applied to mapping tidal effects in the Pannonian basin--An effort to check location dependencies atμGal level

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第3期9卷 237-245页

作者： G.Papp J.Benedek P.Varga m.kis A.Koppan B.meurers R.leonhardt m.K.Baracza Geodetic and Geophysical Institute Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth SciencesHungarian Academy of Sciences.9400 SopronHungary Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary 1145 BudapestHungary University of Vienna Department of Meteorology and Geophysics1090 WienAustria Zentralanstalt fur meteorologie and Geodynamik 1190 ViennaAustria University of miskolc Department of Geophysics3515 Miskolc-EgyetemvarosHungary

This paper summarizes the main instrumental and methodological points of the tidal research which was performed in the framework of the National Scientific Research Fund Project K101603. Since the project is still running the tidal analysis results published here are only preliminary. Unmodelled tidal effects have been highlighted in some recent absolute gravity measurements carried out in the Pannonian basin resulting in a periodic modulation exceeding the typical standard deviations （±1microGal） of the drop sets. Since the most dominant source of the daily gravity variation is the bulk tidal effect, the goal of the project is to check its location dependency at BGal level. Unfortunately Hungary has had no dedicated instrumentation, so an effort was made to make the available laCoste- Romberg spring G meters capable for continuous recording. As a reference instrument the GWR SG025 operated in the Conrad Observatory, Austria was also used and in the mean time of the project, a Scintrex CG-5 became also available, Eventually 6 instruments at 5 different locations were operated for 3 9 months mainly in co-located configuration. Although many experiments （moving mass calibrations） were done to determine the scale factors and scale functions of the instruments, the direct comparison of the tidal parameters obtained from the observations is still questionable. Therefore the ratio of the delta factors of O1 and m2 tidal constituents was investigated supposing that m2 is much more influenced by the ocean loading effect than O1. The slight detected increase of δ（O1 ）/δ（m2）（≈0.2%） toward east does not contradict to theory. This result has to be validated in the near future by analyzing available ocean loading models.

关键词： Gravity tide mapping Spring gravity meters Instrumental tests Co-located observations location dependence of delta factors

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