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印度医学教育

复旦教育论坛 2009年第2期7卷 92-96页

作者： RITA sood 周莹复旦大学上海医学院上海200032

印度医学院在近两百年的扩容之后,已成为全世界医学毕业生最多的国家。本文从医疗卫生保健、医学监管机构、公/私立医学教育、招生制度、本科教学及课程改革、教师发展等方面对印度医学教育进行系统回顾,找出问题所在及发展趋势。

关键词：医学教育印度课程教学监管机构卫生保健

Levels of Selected Heavy Metals in Food Packaging Papers and Paperboards Used in India

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第3期10卷 360-368页

作者： Swati sood Chhaya Sharma Environmental Research Laboratory Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India

In the present study, the varieties of papers and paperboards (PPBs) used in India for food packaging were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for the heavy metal contamination with the help of ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry). Total 10 different types of food packaging PPBs were procured from local market and analyzed for 14 heavy metals (Al, As, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Te, Ti and V). Quantities of heavy metals in the samples were compared with permitted values published by the European Council. Heavy metals like Al, As, Ba, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and V were observed in more than the permitted concentration in some of the samples. Heavy metals toxicity in food packaging material is a serious concern as the edible items get exposed to these metals and also generate volatile odorous compounds which considerably impact the quality of food and affect consumer's health.

关键词： Heavy Metals Odorous Compounds Food Packages Papers and Paperboards (PPBs) Health

Bacteria in Indian Food Packaging Papers and Paperboards with Various Contents of Pulp Fiber

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 349-357页

作者： Swati sood Chhaya Sharma Environmental Research Laboratory Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India

The food packaging industry generally uses papers and paperboards (PPBs) especially for disposable products. According to the Framework Regulation (EC) No. 1935/2004 of the European Union, no transfer of contamination should occur from food packaging material to the food items. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, numbers, source and different kinds of bacteria present in food packaging PPBs with various contents of pulp fiber. The samples were randomly collected from popular confectioners and fast food restaurants in Saharanpur, India. The results indicated the presence of bacteria in all the samples, ranging from 1.3 × 102 to 6.1 × 103 cfu/g. Most of the samples contained bacteria in more than the permitted concentration of 2.5 × 102 cfu/g as set by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The detected bacteria were from genera Bacillacea, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. According to the FDA declaration, pathogenic bacteria such as B. cereus and S. aureus have been associated with food borne diseases (FBD). Some contaminants in food packaging PPBs were found to be B. subtilis and P. aeroginosa, which produce enzymes like peroxidases and lipoxygenases that are odor generating enzymes.

关键词： Bacteria Odor Health Safety Food Packaging Papers and Paperboards (PPBs) Pulp Fiber

<i>β</i>-Galactosidase Leakage from <i>Escherichia coli</i>Points to Mechanical Damageas Likely Cause of Carbon Nanotube Toxicity

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Soft Nanoscience Letters 2012年第3期2卷 41-45页

作者： Smita Amarnath Mohammad A. Hussain Vidyanand Nanjundiah A. k. sood Department of Biotechnology PA College of Engineering Mangalore India Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

We show that the cytotoxic effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on bacteria is mediated by mechanical damage to the cell wall and membrane. Two β-galactosidase-producing strains of Escherichia coli harboringgenomically integrated reporter gene constructs, namely pchbB:lacZand prpoS:lacZ, were used for the purpose. We first verified that CNTs result in an inhibition of cell growth. Enzyme activity was determined using a reporter gene assay in which CNTs were used without the lysis buffer (containing detergent). β-galactosidase activity in the presence of CNTs alone measured several fold more than the controls used (without nanotubes). This suggests that CNTs damage the cell membrane in a manner similar to the detergent in the lysis buffer and render E. coli cell walls porous, causing cell contents including enzymes to leak out into the medium. Our results support the hypothesis that mechanical damage to bacterial cell membranes is the prevailing cause of CNT-cytotoxicity.

关键词： Carbon Nanotubes Cytotoxicity Membrane Damage Microbial Strains Reporter Geneassay

High Immunization Coverage but Delayed Immunization Reflects Gaps in Health Management Information System (HMIS) in District kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India—An Immunization Evaluation

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第2期5卷 69-78页

作者： Rajesh kumar sood Anjali sood Omesh kumar Bharti Vidya Ramachandran Archana Phull District Epidemiologist Kangra Himachal Pradesh India College of Home Science CSKHPKV Palampur India State Institute of Health & Family Welfare Parimahal India National Institute of Epidemiology Chennai India Daily Post Shimla India

Background: Complete and timely childhood immunization is one of the most cost-effective interventions in improving child survival in developing countries. Computerized HMIS has been recently introduced to collect aggregated data on service beneficiaries in Himachal Pradesh. HMIS provides coverage estimates for immunization while information on timeliness is currently not available. Hence we conducted a study to validate coverage and assess the timeliness of immunization in kangra District of Himachal Pradesh. We surveyed mothers (224) of children aged 12 - 23 months (as on January 2008) and selected 32 clusters in the district between January and March 2008. Design/Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey and selected 32 clusters by probability proportional to size method whereas seven eligible children per cluster were randomly selected. We interviewed mothers using a structured interview schedule, examined immunization card & looked for Bacillus Calmette Guierre (BCG) Scar. Vaccination after 30 days from national schedule was considered “delayed”. We computed proportions of children completely immunized, immunization delayed, frequency of reasons for delay and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for significance of associated factors. We conducted a case control analysis of factors associated with timely immunization by taking timely immunized children as cases and delayed immunized ones as controls. Results/Outcome: Reported coverage was universal (100%). Validated full immunization coverage was 94.2% by card/record & 99% by history. Only 29.5% (CI = 20.6% - 37.4%) of children were fully immunized as per schedule (delay less than 30 days). Median delay was 21 days for BCG, 28 days for Diptheria Pertussis Tetanus (DPT 3) and 25 days for measles. Among those with delayed vaccinations, reasons were forgetfulness (36%), lack of correct knowledge (27%) & mother gone to parents’ home (27%) & insufficient children in a camp to open full dose BCG vial (22%). Our case con

关键词： Immunization Coverage Delay Gaps Information Technology Health Information Systems

3D Surface Digitization in Scientific Research and Product Development

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Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research 2021年第2期9卷 11-23页

作者： Abhinav sood Varsha Dogra Gayatri Pathmanathan Department of Anthropology Panjab University Chandigarh India Department of Environment Studies Panjab University Chandigarh India

This comprehensive review participates in the use of three different non-invasive surface scanning techniques directed in scientific research of medical, anthropology, archaeology forensic science, and product designing. 3D surface examining tools speak to a promising technique to provide reproducible data such as map the facial soft or hard tissues of a subject document skeletal remains, and trauma, generating 3D imitations of the components for documented and illustrative purposes while simultaneously holding exactness and unwavering quality. Three-dimensional imaging is rapidly turning into a vital tool for reconstruction and examination in scientific research. The final 3D mesh can be 3D printed or the digital version can be shared online with scientific researchers. This review manuscript highlights several studies utilizing non-invasive scanning techniques, depicts the pro and cons of the 3D scanning techniques, and different features of the scanners irrespective of the cost which would be helpful for future research work. A resourceful review was conducted using 7 databases;PubMed, CENTRAL, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and IEEE Xplore from 2002 to 2020. Search terms were;“3D Laser scanning”, “Photogrammetry”, “Skeleton preservation”, “Documentation”, “Surface Scanning”, etc. Papers with quality work and related to the field of forensic science, anthropometry, 3D facial scanning, and product development were selected. From all the studies, 71 studies met the eligibility criteria, and other articles were excluded which were non-relevant, had duplicate records, and did not meet search criteria. This review provides in-depth understanding and discussions into methods, restrictions, and inferences from respective research publications.

关键词： Anthropometry Non-Invasive Laser Scanners Stereophotogrammetry Structured Light

On Secure Digital Image Watermarking Techniques

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Journal of Information Security 2011年第4期2卷 169-184页

作者： Manjit Thapa Sandeep kumar sood 不详

Digital watermarking is used to hide the information inside a signal, which can not be easily extracted by the third party. Its widely used application is copyright protection of digital information. It is different from the encryption in the sense that it allows the user to access, view and interpret the signal but protect the ownership of the content. One of the current research areas is to protect digital watermark inside the information so that ownership of the information cannot be claimed by third party. With a lot of information available on various search engines, to protect the ownership of information is a crucial area of research. In latest years, several digital watermarking techniques are presented based on discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelets transform (DWT) and discrete fourier transforms (DFT). In this paper, we propose an algorithm for digital image watermarking technique based on singular value decomposition;both of the L and U components are explored for watermarking algorithm. This technique refers to the watermark embedding algorithm and watermark extracting algorithm. The experimental results prove that the quality of the watermarked image is excellent and there is strong resistant against many geometrical attacks.

关键词： Digital Image Watermarking Singular Value Decomposition Watermark Embedding Algorithm Watermark Extracting Algorithm Ratio Analysis Security Analysis

On a 3-Way Combinatorial Identity

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Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics 2014年第4期4卷 89-96页

作者： Garima sood Ashok kumar Agarwal Centre for Advanced Study in Mathematics Panjab University Chandigarh India

Recently in [1] Goyal and Agarwal interpreted a generalized basic series as a generating function for a colour partition function and a weighted lattice path function. This led to an infinite family of combinatorial identities. Using Frobenius partitions, we in this paper extend the result of [1] and obtain an infinite family of 3-way combinatorial identities. We illustrate by an example that our main result has a potential of yielding Rogers-Ramanujan-MacMahon type identities with convolution property.

关键词： Basic Series Partitions N-Colour Partitions Frobenius Partitions Lattice Paths Generating Functions Combinatorial Identities

Indian task force for celiac disease:Current status

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6028-6033页

作者： Rajesh Gupta Duvvuru Nageshwar Reddy Govind k Makharia Ajit sood Balakrishnan S Ramakrishna Surender kumar Yachha Babu Ram Thapa Rupa Banerjee Sekaran Anuradha Usha Dutta Amarender Singh Puri Ajay kumar Jain Chris JJ Mulder Ajay kumar Sesikeran Boindala Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of Gastro-enterology Department of Gastroenterology AIIMS Department of Gastroenterology Dayanand Medical College Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Department of Pediatric Gastro-enterology SGPGIMS Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology PGIMER Department of Gastroenterology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Department of Pathology Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Department of Gastroenterology GB PANT Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Choithram Hospital & Research Centre Department of Gastroenterology VU University Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology Indraprasth Apollo Hospital National Institute of Nutrition

There are limited data on celiac disease(CD) from *** limited knowledge about CD in India might be attributed to several *** fi rst meeting of the Indian Task Force for Celiac Disease was held in the Asian Institute of Gastroenterology,Hyderabad,India in December *** objectives of the meeting were to focus research on prevalence of CD in the wheat-eating Northern vs the rice-eating Southern Indian population,low-budget serological assays to study the underprivileged population,to involve other medical subspecialties in CD,to suggest proper legislation regarding wheat food labeling,and to organize affordable food substitutes for patients with celiac disease.

关键词：印度疾病腹腔工作组第一次会议贫困人口标签制度胃肠病