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Macro and micro issues in turbulent mixing

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第10期56卷 2355-2360页

作者： MELVIN j kaufman R LIM H KAMAN T RAO P GLIMM j Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook NY 11794 USA

Numerical prediction of turbulent mixing can be divided into two subproblems: to predict the geometrical extent of a mixing region and to predict the mixing properties on an atomic or molecular scale, within the mixing region. The former goal suffices for some purposes, while important problems of chemical reactions(e.g. flames) and nuclear reactions depend critically on the second goal in addition to the first one. Here we review recent progress in establishing a conceptual reformulation of convergence, and we illustrate these concepts with a review of recent numerical studies addressing turbulence and mixing in the high Reynolds number limit. We review significant progress on the first goal, regarding the mixing region, and initial progress on the second goal, regarding atomic level mixing properties. New results concerning non-uniqueness of the infinite Reynolds number solutions and other consequences of a renormalization group point of view, to be published in detail elsewhere, are summarized *** notion of stochastic convergence(of probability measures and probability distribution functions) replaces traditional pointwise convergence. The primary benefit of this idea is its increased stability relative to the statistical "noise" which characterizes turbulent flow. Our results also show that this modification of convergence, with sufficient mesh refinement, may not be needed. However, in practice, mesh refinement is seldom sufficient and the stochastic convergence concepts have a *** to this circle of ideas is the observation that turbulent mixing, in the limit of high Reynolds number, appears to be non-unique. Not only have multiple solutions been observed(and published) for identical problems, but simple physics based arguments and more refined arguments based on the renormalization group come to the same *** of the non-uniqueness inherent in numerical models of high Reynolds number turbulence and mixing, we also include here numeri

关键词： stochastic convergence turbulent mixing renormalization group dynamic subgrid scale models

A complete genome for a commercial duck

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 344-346页

作者： jim kaufman Institute for Immunology and Infection Research University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FLUK Department of Veterinary Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeCB30ESUK

Biology has been revolutionized by the availability of whole genome sequences, along with all the associated approaches including genome-wide association studies, various-omics methodologies and now precise genome editing^([1–6]). The study of domesticated animal food species has already benefitted from these basic technologies(for a few examples out of many^([7–14])), and it is anticipated that there will be enormous advances arising from deep understanding and precise intervention. However, these improvements depend on the availability of a complete high-quality genomes.

关键词： genome precise complete

Angling of hybrid sunfish from a hatchery pond with potential implications for community fisheries

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第1期8卷 91-95页

作者： Brian G.Blackwell Matthew j.Ward Todd M.kaufman South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks603 East 8th AvenueWebsterSD57274USA South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks44437139A StreetWaubaySD57273USA

Hatcheries are frequently called upon to produce catchable-sized fish for stocking community fishing *** attributes of fish selected for stocking into community ponds are that they are easy to produce in a hatchery system to sizes anglers are interested in catching and they provide anglers with high catch rates once *** sunfish[male Bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus)×female Green Sunfish(***)]have attributes that potentially make them attractive for use in community fishing *** assessed initial angler catch rates of 100 stocked hybrid sunfish in a 0.12-ha hatchery pond and after being subjected to angling(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).We also investigated whether catch rates would change following a supplemental stocking of an additional 100 hybrid sunfish(four,1-hr catch-and-release fishing events with five anglers).The anal fin of each fish in the second stocking was hole punched to differentiate them from those of the first stocking and fish caught by anglers were hole punched in the caudal fin each time they were caught before being released back into the *** catch rates were highest during initial fishing events that followed stocking(9.2 fish/angler hr and 18.0 fish/angler hr)and substantially declined in subsequent events(≤3.4 fish/angler hr).Catches of the newly stocked fish and previously stocked fish contributed to the high catch following the supplemental ***(80%)of the fish were caught in the first 30 min of each event and 45%were caught during the first 10 *** were able to catch 88%of the fish from the first stocking and 67%from the second stocking at least *** mortality occurred during the study as all fish were recovered when the pond was *** results suggest that hybrid sunfish will potentially provide high initial catch rates following stocking into community ponds,but managers should expect reduced catch rates following initial fishing even without h

关键词： Hybrid sunfish Angling Community fishing ponds

Alkaline activation of endogenous latent TGFβ1 by an injectable hydrogel directs cell homing for in situ complex tissue regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第9期7卷 316-329页

作者： Sainan Wang Yuting Niu Peipei jia Zheting Liao Weimin Guo Rodrigo Cotrim Chaves Khanh-Hoa Tran-Ba Ling He Hanying Bai Sam Sia Laura.j.kaufman Xiaoyan Wang Yongsheng Zhou Yanmei Dong jeremy j.Mao Department of Cariology and Endodontology Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China Department of Prosthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China Center for Craniofacial Regeneration Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10032USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Chemistry Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA

Utilization of the body’s regenerative potential for tissue repair is known as in situ tissue ***,the use of exogenous growth factors requires delicate control of the dose and delivery strategies and may be accompanied by safety,efficacy and cost *** this study,we developed,for the first time,a biomaterial-based strategy to activate endogenous transforming growth factor beta 1(TGFβ1)under alkaline conditions for effective in situ tissue *** demonstrated that alkaline-activated TGFβ1 from blood serum,bone marrow fluids and soaking solutions of meniscus and tooth dentin was capable of increasing cell recruitment and early differentiation,implying its broad ***,we engineered an injectable hydrogel(MS-Gel)consisting of gelatin microspheres for loading strong alkaline substances and a modified gelatin matrix for hydrogel click *** vitro models showed that alkaline MS-Gel controllably and sustainably activated endogenous TGFβ1 from tooth dentin for robust bone marrow stem cell *** importantly,infusion of in vivo porcine prepared root canals with alkaline MS-Gel promoted significant pulp-dentin regeneration with neurovascular stroma and mineralized tissue by endogenous proliferative ***,this work offers a new bench-to-beside translation strategy using biomaterial-activated endogenous biomolecules to achieve in situ tissue regeneration without the need for cell or protein delivery.

关键词： Endogenous TGFβ1 Injectable alkaline hydrogel Cell homing Pulp-dentin complex In situ tissue regeneration

Induction of metallothionein expression during monocyte to melanoma-associated macrophage differentiation

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第4期7卷 359-367页

作者： Yingbin GE Rikka AZUMA Bethsebah GEKONGE Alfonso LOPEZ-CORAL Min XIAO Gao ZHANG Xiaowei XU Luis j. MONTANER Zhi WEI Meenhard HERLYN Tao WANG Russel E. kaufman Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program The Wistar Institute Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Physiology Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 China Undergraduate Program University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program The Wistar Institute Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Graduate Program The Catholic University of America Washington DC 20064 USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology NJ 07102 USA

Tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） play a critical role in melanoma growth and metastasis. Infiltration of TAMs correlates with the poor prognosis of melanoma. TAMs are differentiated from monocytes in response to the tumor microenvironment cue. However, the mechanism how TAMs adapt to the tumor microenvironment after differentiation from monocytes is not fully understood. In addition, specific identification of TAMs in melanoma is difficult because the expression of the most commonly used macrophage marker, CD68, is also expressed in melanoma cells. In an earlier study, we found by gene microarray analysis that seven members of the metallothionein （MTs） family were upregulated in melanoma-conditioned medium induced macrophages （MCIM-MO）. MTs have been implicated in zinc metabolism and inflammation. In the present study, we confirmed that expression of metallothionein is induced in M-CSF differentiated macrophages （M-CSF/M~） and MCIM-M~ at both the mRNA and protein levels using real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated the presence of metallothionein in melanoma tissues in vivo and that metallothionein was co-localized with TAMs markers, CD68 and CD163. Finally, we demonstrated the induction of the zinc importer gene Zip8 both in M-CSF/MO and MCIM-MO. Our study identifies metallothionein as a novel marker for TAMs and suggests that metaliothionein might play important roles in macrophage adaptation and function in the tumor microenvironment.

关键词： melanoma macrophages metallothionein

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外酶C3转移酶转基因表达对小梁细胞的影响

中国生物工程杂志 2005年第8期25卷 109-117页

作者：刘旭阳王宁利 Paul kaufman 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院眼科 Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison53706 USA

目的:探讨腺病毒载体介导的外酶C3转移酶(exoenzyme C3 transferase,C3)表达对体外培养的正常或地塞米松处理的人类小梁细胞的作用.方法:构建C3和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的腺病毒表达载体(AdC3GFP).用AdC3GFP转导人类正常或经地塞米松处理的... 详细信息

目的:探讨腺病毒载体介导的外酶C3转移酶(exoenzyme C3 transferase,C3)表达对体外培养的正常或地塞米松处理的人类小梁细胞的作用.方法:构建C3和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的腺病毒表达载体(AdC3GFP).用AdC3GFP转导人类正常或经地塞米松处理的小梁细胞.观察(1)小梁细胞肌动蛋白、粘着斑蛋白(vinculin)、β-链蛋白(β-catenin)的变化;(2)地塞米松能否诱导小梁细胞形成肌动蛋白交联网(cross linked actin networks,CLANs)结构以及AdC3GFP对CLANs的影响.以仅表达GFP的腺病毒载体(AdGFP)作为对照.结果:与对照相比,AdC3GFP转导小梁细胞后3～4d细胞出现肌动蛋白细胞骨架裂解,相应粘着斑蛋白阳性的粘着斑减少和β-链蛋白染色丧失.与非转导细胞相比,AdGFP转导细胞肌动蛋白细胞骨架,粘着斑蛋白和β-链蛋白染色均与非转导细胞类似.经地塞米松处理的小梁细胞形成典型CLANs结构,AdC3GFP可降解肌动蛋白及已形成的CLANs结构.结论:C3基因表达产物可降解小梁细胞肌动蛋白和细胞连接以及由地塞米松诱导的小梁细胞CLANs形成.提示C3基因治疗可能是青光眼降眼压治疗的有效方法.

关键词：外酶C3转移酶转基因地塞米松小梁细胞转基因表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP) 转移酶 C3 外酶 networks

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家禽体外寄生虫的控制

中国家禽 2008年第12期30卷 12-16页

作者： P.E.kaufman P.G.Koehler j.F.Butler 佛罗里达州立大学

虱子、恙虫、家禽壁虱和鸡蚤是家禽业中常见的体外寄生虫。虽然禽舍苍蝇不是寄生虫,但是备受家禽生产者的关注,尤其对于笼养蛋鸡生产者。这些体外寄生虫对家禽业的危害日益得到重视。本专题就上述几种体外寄生虫的生活习性和药物控制措... 详细信息

虱子、恙虫、家禽壁虱和鸡蚤是家禽业中常见的体外寄生虫。虽然禽舍苍蝇不是寄生虫,但是备受家禽生产者的关注,尤其对于笼养蛋鸡生产者。这些体外寄生虫对家禽业的危害日益得到重视。本专题就上述几种体外寄生虫的生活习性和药物控制措施进行总结,希望为广大读者提供借鉴。

关键词：体外寄生虫药物控制家禽业笼养蛋鸡生活习性生产者虱子苍蝇

PROCESSING, MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Mo SILICIDES AND THEIR COMPOSITES

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1999年第S1期9卷 1-12页

作者： P.D.Eason, E.N.Ross, L.A.Dempere, and M.j.kaufman Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S.A.

Phase relations in the Mo Si C, Mo Si Al and Mo Si Ti B systems were investigated via sample production, heat treatment and characterization, using light optical microscopy(LOM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), electron probe microanalysis(EPMA), X ray diffraction(XRD), image analysis, light element analysis, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness measurements. The results led to many signigicant conclusions.

关键词： Mo silicides processing microstructure mechanical properties

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嗜铬细胞瘤并肾动脉狭窄

国际泌尿系统杂志 1984年第4期4卷 179-180页

作者： j j kaufman 刘德福

嗜铬细胞瘤和肾动脉狭窄均为罕见疾患。显然,二者共存的情况则是极为少见,自1958年Harrison氏等首次报告以来,至今已有25例报道。发生此二元性高血压疾患的机制有三种主要类型:一为来自肾上腺或植物神经节的

关键词：嗜铬细胞瘤左肾上腺动脉痉挛双侧患儿副神经节瘤肾动脉狭窄动脉疾病神经纤维瘤神经组织肿瘤