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Effects of warming,wetting and nitrogen addition on substrate-induced respiration and temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration in a temperate forest soil

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 363-372页

作者： Mohammad MOONIS Jong-Kyu LEE Hyojin JIN Dong-gill KIM Ji-Hyung PARK Department of Forest Environment Protection Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon 24341(Republic of Korea) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760(Republic of Korea) Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box 128Shashemene(Ethiopia)

Soil heterotrophic respiration and its temperature sensitivity are affected by various climatic and environmental ***,little is known about the combined effects of concurrent climatic and environmental changes,such as climatic warming,changing precipitation regimes,and increasing nitrogen(N)***,in this study,we investigated the individual and combined effects of warming,wetting,and N addition on soil heterotrophic respiration and temperature *** incubated soils collected from a temperate forest in South Korea for 60 d at two temperature levels(15 and 20℃,representing the annual mean temperature of the study site and 5℃warming,respectively),three moisture levels(10%,28%,and 50%water-filled pore space(WFPS),representing dry,moist,and wet conditions,respectively),and two N levels(without N and with N addition equivalent to 50 kg N ha^(-1)year^(-1)).On day 30,soils were distributed across five different temperatures(10,15,20,25,and 30℃)for 24 h to determine short-term changes in temperature sensitivity(Q_(10),change in respiration with 10℃increase in temperature)of soil heterotrophic *** completing the incubation on day 60,we measured substrate-induced respiration(SIR)by adding six labile substrates to the three types of *** treatment(increase from 28%to 50%WFPS)reduced SIR by 40.8%(3.77 to 2.23μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1)),but warming(increase from 15 to 20℃)and N addition increased SIR by 47.7%(3.77 to 5.57μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1))and 42.0%(3.77 to 5.35μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1)),respectively.A combination of any two treatments did not affect SIR,but the combination of three treatments reduced SIR by 42.4%(3.70 to 2.20μg CO_(2)-C g^(-1)h^(-1)).Wetting treatment increased Q_(10)by 25.0%(2.4 to 3.0).However,warming and N addition reduced Q_(10)by 37.5%(2.4 to 1.5)and 16.7%(2.4 to 2.0),*** coupled with wetting did not significantly change Q_(10),while warming coupled with N addition reduced Q

关键词： carbon dioxide decomposition global warming soil moisture soil organic carbon soil respiration Q_(10)

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Predictability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High Associated with Different ENSO Phases in GloSea5

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 926-940页

作者： Daquan ZHANG gill M.MARTIN Jose MRODRIGUEZ Zongjian KE Lijuan CHEN Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX 13PBUK

The western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) dominates the summer climate over East Asia. The intensity,position, and shape of WNPSH influence the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation, temperature, and tropical cyclone activities in this region. This paper intends to investigate the performance of the UK Met Office Global Seasonal forecast system version 5(GloSea5) in simulation/prediction of the WNPSH based on a hindcast dataset. Analyses of the hindcast data show a systematic bias in the mean circulation over West Pacific, with negative geopotential height anomalies over the western North Pacific(WNP) and cyclonic anomalies in the 850-hPa winds and water vapor transport, indicating a weakening and eastward shift of the WNPSH. Despite the model’s bias in the climatology, it well captured the interannual variability of the monthly and seasonal-mean intensity of the WNPSH and the position of its ridge line in boreal summer from 1993 to 2015. The seasonal hindcasts indicate that there is significant prediction skill at up to three-month lead time for both the intensity and position of the WNPSH ridge line. The relationship between the WNPSH and different phases of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) in both the observational data and GloSea5 hindcasts was then investigated. The model captured the summer WNPSH anomalies well during most of the ENSO phases, except in the La Nina decaying and neutral summers. The intensity of the anticyclone in the WNP is weak in the decaying phase of El Nino in the GloSea5 hindcasts compared with the reanalysis data. GloSea5 is capable of representing the lagged teleconnection between El Nino events in the previous winter and the intensity of the WNPSH in the following summer. Regression analysis reveals weakened negative sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) over the WNP in GloSea5, which reduced the gradient between the tropical western Pacific and the tropical Indian Ocean, resulting in a weaker easterly anomaly a

关键词： western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) Global Seasonal forecast system version 5(GloSea5) El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) precipitation predictability

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Spermine induced reversible collapse of deoxyribonucleic acid-bridged nanoparticle-based assemblies

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 383-396页

作者： Kristian L. Goeken Richard B. M. Schasfoort Vinod Subramaniam Ron gill MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine University of Twente Dfienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede the Netherlands Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdam De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HVAmsterdam the Netherlands Saxion University of Applied Sciences M. H. Tromplaan 28 7513 A8 Enschede the Netherlands

DNA-linked 2D and 3D nano-assemblies find use in a diverse set of applications, ranging from DNA-origami in drug delivery and medical imaging, to DNA-linked nanoparticle structures for use in plasmonics and （bio）sensing. However, once these structures have been fully assembled, few options are available to modulate structure geometry. Here, we investigated the use of the polycation spermine to induce DNA collapse in small oligonucleotide-linked （54 bp） gold nanoparticle structures by monitoring shifts in the localized surface plasmon resonance （LSPR） peak and by comparing the data with finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） simulations. Our data shows that low concentrations of spermine can be applied to induce large changes in DNA conformation, leading to a significant reduction in interparticle distance （from - 25 to - 3 nm） and enhanced plasmonic coupling. The DNA collapse is near-instantaneous and reversible, and its application at low and high DNA densities is demonstrated with surface plasmon resonance imaging （SPRi）, showing the potential of spermine to dynamically modulate distances and geometry in DNA-based nano-assemblies.

关键词： nanoparticles spermine deoxyribonucleic acid localized surface plasmonresonance surface plasmon resonanceimaging

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Impact of direct and indirect heating systems in broiler units on environmental conditions and flock performance

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第11期15卷 2588-2595页

作者： Shaun Smith Joseph Meade James Gibbons Kevina Mc gill Declan Bolton Paul Whyte UCD School of Veterinary Medicine University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland

This study compared the impact of three indirect heating systems to direct gas flame heaters on a selection of flock performance and environmental indicators in commercial broiler units. No statistically significant differences（P≥0.05） were found in flock mortality rates, bird weight, water consumption, stress response, carbon dioxide, ammonia, temperature, relative humidity, litter quality, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts when flock data from any of the three indirect heating systems were compared to flocks reared in houses with direct heating systems. Differences in litter quality were observed between upper and lower litter layers in all houses, regardless of heating type, which may have implications for bird health and welfare. Carbon dioxide concentrations in houses with direct heating systems were significantly higher than those in houses with indirect heating systems during the first 10 days of bird life（P≤0.05）. This was due to the increased use of heating systems during this period of the flock cycle. Differences in CO2 concentrations had no effect on flock performance, possibly due to the fact that concentrations did not exceed known safe levels. A statistically significant increase in stress response was observed in birds as a result of partial depopulation（thinning） within houses, irrespective of heating system type used（P≤0.05）. Stress associated with thinning may have consequences for bird welfare and food safety. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest that indirect heating systems do not appear to negatively impact on flock performance, stress response, within-flock Campylobacter levels or mean Campylobacter counts and do not appear to significantly alter environmental conditions within broiler houses when compared to houses equipped with direct heating systems. Indirect systems are a viable alternative for heating broiler houses in terms of flock performance, bird welfare and food safety.

关键词： litter quality welfare stress poultry production campylobacter environmental conditions

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Comparative efficacy and safety of adenosine and regadenoson for assessment of fractional flow reserve:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第5期14卷 319-328页

作者： Gauravpal Singh gill Akshaya Gadre Arun Kanmanthareddy Cardiovascular Medicine Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68124United States Internal Medicine Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazooMI 49007United States

BACKGROUND Adenosine is a coronary hyperemic agent used to measure invasive fractional flow reserve(FFR)of intermediate severity coronary *** To compare FFR assessment using adenosine with an alternate hyperemic agent,*** PubMed,Google Scholar,CINAHL and Cochrane databases were queried for studies comparing adenosine and regadenoson for assessment of *** on FFR,correlation coefficient and adverse events from the selected studies were extracted and analyzed by means of random effects *** tailed P-value less than 0.05 was considered *** was assessed using I2 *** Five studies with 248 patients were included in the final *** included patients and coronary lesions underwent FFR assessment using both adenosine and *** was no significant mean difference between FFR measurement by the two agents[odds ratio(OR)=-0.00;95%confidence interval(CI):(-0.02)-0.01,P=0.88].The cumulative correlation coefficient was 0.98(0.96-0.99,P<0.01).Three of five studies reported time to FFR with cumulative results favoring regadenoson(mean difference 34.31 s;25.14-43.48 s,P<0.01).Risk of adverse events was higher with adenosine compared to regadenoson(OR=2.39;95%CI:1.22-4.67,P=0.01),which most commonly included bradycardia and *** majority of the adverse events associated with both agents were *** The performance of regadenoson in inducing maximal hyperemia was comparable to that of *** was excellent correlation between the FFR measurements by both the *** use of adenosine,was however associated with higher risk of adverse events and longer time to FFR compared to regadenoson.

关键词： Adenosine Regadenoson Fractional flow reserve Meta-analysis

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Investigation of the excluded stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: The role of percutaneous endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1946-1948页

作者： Kanwar RS gill J Mark McKinney Mark E Stark Ernest P Bouras Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Florida 32224 United States

Accessing the bypassed portion of the stomach via conventional endoscopy is difficult following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. However, endoscopic examination of the stomach and small bowel is possible through percutaneous access into the bypassed stomach (BS) with a combined radiologic and endoscopic technique. We present a case of obscure overt gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding where the source of bleeding was thought to be from the BS. After conventional endoscopic methods failed to examine the BS, percutaneous endoscopy (PE) was used as an alternative to surgical exploration.

关键词： Percutaneous endoscopy Roux-en-Y gastricbypass Gastrointestinal bleeding, Obesity, Bypassedstomach

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Hybridization between Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium stocksii through embryo rescue

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Cell Research 1996年第1期6卷 85-90页

作者： gill MANJEET S YPS BAJAJPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India

Nutrient media and culture conditions have been defined for ovules 3 and 5 d after pollination and embryos of Gossypium herbaceum respectively. The technique was then used to produce interspecific hybrids between a cultivated Gossypium herbaceum and a wild species, G. stocksii. The hybrid plants were transferred to field and they exhibited most of the characters of the pollen parent i.e.G. stocksii.

关键词： Cotton biotechnology embryo culture Wide hybridization

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Potential role of metabolomics in diagnosis and surveillance of gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12874-12882页

作者： Angela W Chan Richdeep S gill Daniel Schiller Michael B Sawyer Daniel Schiller Division of General Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2B7 Canada Division of Medical Oncology Cross Cancer Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 1Z2 Canada

Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and is especially prevalent in Asian countries. With such high morbidity and mortality, early diagnosis is essential to achieving curative intent treatment and long term survival. Metabolomics is a new field of study that analyzes metabolites from biofluids and tissue samples. While metabolomics is still in its infancy, there are numerous potential applications in oncology, specifically early diagnosis. Only a few studies in the literature have examined metabolomics’ role in gastric cancer. Various fatty acid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and amino acid metabolites have been identified that distinguish gastric cancer from normal tissue and benign gastric disease. However, findings from these few studies are at times conflicting. Most studies demonstrate some relationship of cancer cells to the Warburg Effect, in that glycolysis predominates with conversion of pyruvate to lactate. This is one of the most consistent findings across the literature. There is less consistency in metabolomic signature with respect to nucleic acids, lipids and amino acids. In spite of this, metabolomics holds some promise for cancer surveillance but further studies are necessary to achieve consistency and validation before it can be widely employed as a clinical tool.

关键词： Gastric cancer Metabolomics Screening Biomarkers Surveillance

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Predicting June Mean Rainfall in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Basin

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第1期37卷 29-41页

作者： gill M.MARTIN Nick J.DUNSTONE Adam A.SCAIFE Philip E.BETT Met Office Exeter

We demonstrate that there is significant skill in the GloSea5 operational seasonal forecasting system for predicting June mean rainfall in the middle/lower Yangtze River basin up to four months in *** of the rainfall in this region during June is contributed by the mei-yu rain *** find that similar skill exists for predicting the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI)on monthly time scales,and that the latter could be used as a proxy to predict the regional ***,there appears to be little to be gained from using the predicted EASMI as a proxy for regional rainfall on monthly time scales compared with predicting the rainfall *** interannual variability of the June mean rainfall is affected by synoptic and intraseasonal variations,which may be inherently unpredictable on the seasonal forecasting time scale,the major influence of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures from the preceding winter on the June mean rainfall is captured by the model through their influence on the western North Pacific subtropical *** ability to predict the June mean rainfall in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin at a lead time of up to 4 months suggests the potential for providing early information to contingency planners on the availability of water during the summer season.

关键词： forecast skill EASMI monthly mean rainfall East Asian summer monsoon Yangtze River basin

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Developmental Divergence:A Comparative Case Study of China’s State-Owned Enterprises and South Korea’s Chaebol

Developmental Divergence:A Comparative Case Study of China’...

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作者： Simren Hasrinah Kaur gill TAKAH 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

State support of conglomerate structured big business groups has resulted in rapid economic development in post-war political ***’s State-owned Enterprises and South Korea’s chaebol are two examples of this economic ***,although both countries started from a similar point of ‘backwardness’ and have utilised strong state intervention in economic policy,as well as strong support for their respective big business groups,the nature of the relationship between the state and their respective big business group is drastically ***’s state has maintained strict control and influence over its State-Owned Enterprises’,however in South Korea the chaebols have ‘captured’ the *** thesis is a comparative study of the development of the South Korean chaebol system and China’s State-Owned Enterprises,in order to determine the key causal factors of this divergent *** utilises historical analysis and comparative analysis in order to conduct process tracing to identify the path of divergence.

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