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Effects of Irrigation on Nitrous Oxide,Methane and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in an Inner Mongolian Steppe

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第5期25卷 748-756页

作者：刘春岩 Jirko HOLST Nicolas BRggemann Klaus BUTTERBACH-BAHL 姚志生韩圣慧韩兴国郑循华 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS) Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU)Karlsruhe Research Centre Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences (IB-CAS)

Increased precipitation during the vegetation periods was observed in and further predicted for Inner Mongolia. The changes in the associated soil moisture may affect the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases. Therefore, we set up an irrigation experiment with one watered （W） and one unwatered plot （UW） at a winter-grazed Leymus chinensis-steppe site in the Xilin River catchment, Inner Mongolia. UW only received the natural precipitation of 2005 （129 mm）, whereas W was additionally watered after the precipitation data of 1998 （in total 427 mm）. In the 3-hour resolution, we determined nitrous oxide （N20）, methane （CH4） and carbon dioxide （CO2） fluxes at both plots between May and September 2005, using a fully automated, chamber-based measuring system. N20 fluxes in the steppe were very low, with mean emissions （±s.e.） of 0.9-4-0.5 and 0.7-4-0.5 μg N m^-2 h^-1 at W and UW, respectively. The steppe soil always served as a CH4 sink, with mean fluxes of -24.1-4-3.9 and -31.1-4- 5.3 μg C m^-2 h^-1 at W and UW. Nighttime mean CO2 emissions were 82.6±8.7 and 26.3±1.7 mg C m^-2 h^-1 at W and UW, respectively, coinciding with an almost doubled aboveground plant biomass at W. Our results indicate that the ecosystem CO2 respiration responded sensitively to increased water input during the vegetation period, whereas the effects on CH4 and N2O fluxes were weak, most likely due to the high evapotranspiration and the lack of substrate for N2O producing processes. Based on our results, we hypothesize that with the gradual increase of summertime precipitation in Inner Mongolia, ecosystem CO2 respiration will be enhanced and CH4 uptake by the steppe soils will be lightly inhibited.

关键词： nitrous oxide methane carbon dioxide semi-arid steppe irrigation precipitation

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Nanostructures Realized with Electron Beam Lithography

Nanostructures Realized with Electron Beam Lithography

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2001年纳米和表面科学与技术全国会议

作者： Dirk Brüggemann RAITH GmbH DortmundGermany

The worldwide attention towards Nanotechnologies received an enormous push during the last decade. National and International Research programs with multimillion dollar investments have been launched. Unlike ten years ago funding agencies support the widespread use of Nanotechnology equipment rather than establishing some isolated Nanocenters.

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SARS-CoV-2:Air pollution highly correlated to the increase in *** case of Guadalajara,Jalisco,Mexico

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 445-457页

作者： Elizabeth Torres-Anguiano Itzel Sanchez-Lopez Angeles Garduno-Robles Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo Edgar Alfonso Rivera-Leon Sergio Sanchez-Enríquez Luis Fernando Ornelas-Hernandez Fernando Zazueta Leon-Quintero Eduardo Narciso Salazar Leon-Quintero Guillermo Enrique Juarez-Lopez Fernando Antonio Sanchez-Zubieta Mariana Ochoa-bru Abraham Zepeda-Moreno Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigacion y Biotectogía S.A.de C.V GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Unidad de Biología Molecular Investigacion y DiagnosticoHospital San JavierGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Departamento de Fisiología Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genomica Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Departamento de Clínicas Centro Universitario de los AltosUniversidad de GuadalajaraTepatitlan de MorelosJaliscoMexico Departamento de Clínicas Medicas Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediatrica Hospital Civil de Guadalajara“Dr.Juan I.Menchaca”GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Hospital Civil de Guadalajara“Fray Antonio Alcalde” GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico

Objectives:To determine whether air pollution or changes in SARS-CoV-2 lineages lead to an increase in ***:Descriptive statistics were used to calculate rates of infection(2020-2021).RT ePCR was used to compare viral loads from October 2020 to February *** sequencing(NGS)(n=92)was used to examine and phylogenetically map SARS-CoV-2 lineages.A correlative“air pollution/temperature”index(I)was developed using regression ***_(2.5),PM_(10),O_(3),NO_(2),SO_(2),and CO concentrations were analyzed and compared to the ***:The mortality rate during the last year was~32%.Relative SARS-CoV-2 viral loads increased in December 2020 and January *** revealed that approximately 80%of SARS-CoV-2 linages were B.1.243(33.7%),B1.1.222(11.2%),B.1.1(9%),B.1(7%),B.1.1.159(7%),and B.1.2(7%).Two periods were analyzed,the prehigh-and high-mortality periods and no significant lineage differences or new lineages were *** correlations of air pollution/temperature index values with mortality were found for IPM_(2.5) and IPM_(10).INO_(2).ISO_(2),and ICO but not for O_(3).Using ICO,we developed a model to predict mortality with an estimated variation of~±5 deaths per day.

关键词： Air pollution COVID-19 Guadalajara Mexico SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 lineages

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A Placebo-Controlled Study Demonstrates the Long-Lasting Anti-Aging Benefits of a Cream Containing Retinol, DihydroxyMethylChromone (DMC) and Hyaluronic Acid

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2012年第2期2卷 51-59页

作者： Thierry Oddos Romain Roure James Leyden Valérie bruère Christiane Bertin Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France Issy-les-Moulineaux France Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France Val-de-Reuil France KGL Inc. Broomall USA

Retinol is an ingredient used in cosmetic products for reducing the appearance of the signs of aging and photo-damage. Currently, most of these products contain 0.1% of retinol. However, at this concentration, some irritation can occur. We have evaluated in vitro and in a clinical study the potential efficacy of a combination of actives to improve the facial skin aging signs while using low concentration of retinol. We demonstrated, in vitro, that a chromone derivative, 5,7-di-hydroxy-2-methyl chromone (DMC), is able to enhance the collagen synthesis in culture of normal human dermal fibroblasts. The enhancement of retinol anti-wrinkle efficacy by DMC was confirmed in a small scale clinical trial. Specifically, a product associating low concentration of retinol (0.04%) and DMC (0.1%) in combination with low molecular weight hyaluronic acid fragments (50,000 Dalton of average molecular weight) has been applied topically for 8 weeks. Clinical results show significant improvement of various signs of facial skin aging such as wrinkles, pigmentary spots, tone unevenness, dullness and the overall photo-damage score. Improvements were still visible 4 weeks after the cessation of the test product application. This study demonstrates that significant lasting improvement of facial skin aging can be obtained with well tolerated low concentration of retinol when adequately formulated with other anti-aging ingredients.

关键词： Retinol DihydroxyMethylChromone Hyaluronic Acid Anti-Age Long-Lasting Effect

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含有His 5基因用于酵母人工染色体重组筛选的置换型载体的构建

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农业生物技术学报 2004年第2期12卷 170-174页

作者：任立明,邹贤刚,Marianne Brüggemann 中国农业大学农业生物技术国家实验室 Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Immunology The Babraham Institute Cambridge CB2 4AT UK Laboratory of Genetic and Developmental Immunology The Babraham Institute Cambridge CB2 4AT UK 北京100094

人工酵母染色体(YAC)可以克隆和分析大片段的染色体DNA,并且可以分离那些在大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)中不可能得到的序列。实验将His5基因插入到一个Ura3基因的中间,构建了一个新的质粒pLRH33,从而打断了Ura3 基因使之不能表达。利用H... 详细信息

人工酵母染色体(YAC)可以克隆和分析大片段的染色体DNA,并且可以分离那些在大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)中不可能得到的序列。实验将His5基因插入到一个Ura3基因的中间,构建了一个新的质粒pLRH33,从而打断了Ura3 基因使之不能表达。利用His5基因两端各留下的部分Ura3基因片段,同源重组到YAC臂上原有的Ura3基因中,使重组后的YAC的标记性状从Ura+ His- 变成了His+ Ura-。用质粒pLRH33的5.5 kb线性片段以一定比例和需要重组到YAC上的目的基因pBAC300的50 kb片段相混合,同时作酵母菌转化,在His- Ura+培养基上得到大量带His5基因的阳性克隆。在检测的1 200个克隆中,有250个目的基因阳性克隆,占受检克隆的22.5%。表明质粒pLRH33可以有效地用作YAC重组的筛选标记。

关键词：酵母人工染色体(YAC) His5基因 Ura3基因同源重组置换型载体

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Loiasis in sub-Saharan migrants living in Spain with emphasis of cases from Equatorial Guinea

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第1期9卷 82-89页

作者： Sabino Puente German Ramírez-Olivencia Mar Lago Mercedes Subirats Francisco bru Eugenio Pérez-Blazquez Marta Arsuaga Concepción Ladron de Guevara Fernando de la Calle-Prieto Belén Vicente Montserrat Alonso-Sardón Moncef Belhassen-Garcia Antonio Muro Unidad de Medicina Tropical.Servicio de Medicina Interna.Hospital La Paz-Carlos III MadridSpain Unidad de Aislamiento de Alto Nivel.Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas.Servicio de Medicina Interna.Hospital Central de la Defensa Gómez Ulla MadridSpain Microbiología.Hospital La Paz-Carlos III MadridSpain Dermatología MadridSpain Servicio de Oftalmología.Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Laboratorio de Inmunología Parasitaria y Molecular.CIETUS.IBSAL Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de SalamancaAvenida Donantes de Sangre s/n37007 SalamancaSpain Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública IBSALCIETUSUniversidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Servicio de Medicina Interna.Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas.CAUSA.IBSAL.CIETUS Universidad de SalamancaPaseo San Vicente 58-18237007 SalamancaSpain

Background:Loiasis is an uncommon and poorly understood parasitic disease outside endemic areas of *** aim of this study was to describe the clinical and biological patterns and treatment of imported loiasis by sub-Saharan migrants diagnosed in Madrid,***:A retrospective study was conducted with sub-Saharan immigrants seen at the Tropical Medicine Unit of the Carlos III Hospital in Madrid,Spain,a reference center,over 19 *** variables were expressed as frequency counts and *** variables were expressed as the mean and standard deviation(SD)or median and interquartile range(IQR:Q3–Q1).Chi-square tests were used to assess the association between categorical *** measured outcomes were expressed as the odds ratio(OR)with a 95%confidential *** variables were compared by Student’s t-tests or Mann-Whitney U *** logistic regression models were used.P<0.05 was considered a statistically significant ***:One hundred thirty-one migrants from tropical and subtropical areas with loiasis were ***-nine patients were male(37.4%).The migrants’mean age(±SD)was 42.3±17.3 years,and 124(94.7%)were from Equatorial *** median time(IQR)between arrival in Spain and the first consultation was 2(1–7)*** hundred fifteen migrants had eosinophilia,and one hundred thirteen had hyper-IgE ***-seven patients had pruritus(43.5%),and thirty patients had Calabar swelling(22.9%).Seventy-three patients had coinfections with other filarial nematodes(54.2%),and 58 migrants had only Loa loa infections(45.8%).One hundred two patients(77.9%)were treated;45.1%(46/102)patients were treated with one drug,and 54.9%(56/102)patients were treated with combined *** reactions were described in 14(10.7%)***:Our patients presented early clinical manifestations and few atypical ***,physicians should systematically consider loiasis in migrants with a

关键词： Loa loa Loiasis Tropical medicine Clinical study Immigrant Imported disease Spain

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用于模块式控制的E级车新型共轨式直喷柴油机——第二部分:燃烧和发动机控制技术

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汽车与新动力 2000年第4期 4-13页

作者： Klingmann R Fick W Brüggemann H 陈丰

自1997年第一台C级轿车用并紧接着进入E级轿车用的共轨式柴油机登台以后,现在又推出了E级轿车用模块式控制的由改进型4缸机和新型5缸、6缸机组成的整套系列发动机。该系列所有发动机的共同特点是4气门技术、新开发的共轨式喷油系统、可... 详细信息

自1997年第一台C级轿车用并紧接着进入E级轿车用的共轨式柴油机登台以后,现在又推出了E级轿车用模块式控制的由改进型4缸机和新型5缸、6缸机组成的整套系列发动机。该系列所有发动机的共同特点是4气门技术、新开发的共轨式喷油系统、可变涡轮截面的废气涡轮增压、中冷和降低压缩的新研制的燃烧室。此外,6缸机还配备了废气再循环冷却器,并首次使用了共轨式喷油系统和小压力室喷油嘴。

关键词：汽车发动机直接喷射柴油机燃烧控制

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用于模块式控制的E级车新型共轨式直喷柴油机——第一部分:发动机设计和机械布置

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汽车与新动力 2000年第3期32卷 5-11页

作者： Klingmann R Fick W Brüggemann H 沈敏

自1997年共轨式柴油机首次用于C级车后,紧接着又配装于E级车。在1999年中期又有一种新开发的柴油机系列供给最新型E级车。这种新开发的柴油机系列有经改进的4缸机型和新设计的5缸和6缸机型,标定功率为85～145kW,最大扭矩为250～470N·m... 详细信息

自1997年共轨式柴油机首次用于C级车后,紧接着又配装于E级车。在1999年中期又有一种新开发的柴油机系列供给最新型E级车。这种新开发的柴油机系列有经改进的4缸机型和新设计的5缸和6缸机型,标定功率为85～145kW,最大扭矩为250～470N·m。最大升功率为48.9kW,加上升扭矩146.6N·m达到了目前产品汽车无法比拟的高水平。采用了带有可调喷嘴涡轮的废气涡轮增压器,不论在低速还是在高速范围内的扭矩以及效率都得到了改善。此文介绍发动机设计和机械布置。下一篇文章将介绍燃烧系统的开发和排放控制技术。

关键词：汽车发动机直接喷射柴油机设计

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Thermogravimetric Analysis of Zirconia-Doped Ceria for Thermochemical Production of Solar Fuel

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第10期4卷 37-45页

作者： Friedemann Call Martin Roeb Martin Schmücker Hélène bru Daniel Curulla-Ferre Christian Sattler Robert Pitz-Paal German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Solar ResearchKölnGermany German Aerospace Center(DLR) Institute of Material ResearchKölnGermany Total RM—New Energies La Defense CedexParisFrance

Developing an efficient redox material is crucial for thermochemical cycles that produce solar fuels (e.g. H2 and CO), enabling a sustainable energy supply. In this study, zirconia-doped cerium oxide (Ce1-xZrxO2) was tested in CO2-splitting cycles for the production of CO. The impact of the Zr-content on the splitting performance was investigated within the range 0 ≤ x < 0.4. The materials were synthesized via a citrate nitrate auto combustion route and subjected to thermogravimetric experiments. The results indicate that there is an optimal zirconium content, x = 0.15, improving the specific CO2-splitting performance by 50% compared to pure ceria. Significantly enhanced performance is observed for 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.225. Outside this range, the performance decreases to values of pure ceria. These results agree with theoretical studies attributing the improvements to lattice modification. Introducing Zr4+ into the fluorite structure of ceria compensates for the expansion of the crystal lattice caused by the reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+. Regarding the reaction conditions, the most efficient composition Ce0.85Zr0.15O2 enhances the required conditions by a temperature of 60 K or one order of magnitude of the partial pressure of oxygen p(O2) compared to pure ceria. The optimal composition was tested in long-term experiments of one hundred cycles, which revealed declining splitting kinetics.

关键词： Water Splitting CO_(2)Splitting Thermochemical Cycle Ceria CO Solar Fuels Hydrogen H_(2) Zirconia Synthesis Gas

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人为强迫和自然强迫对近年来对流层顶高度变化的贡献

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沙漠与绿洲气象 2009年第5期3卷 58-60页

作者： Santer B D Wehner M F Wigley T M L Sausen R Meehl G A Taylor K E Ammann C Arblaster J Washington W M Boyle J S bru'ggemann W 杨双艳

观测表明，自1979年以来对流层顶（平流层与对流层之间的界限）高度增加了数百米。在气候模式实验中，等量的增加也是显而易见的。气候模式实验表明，人为因素导致臭氧和均匀混合温室气体的变化，对1979-1999年对流层顶高度增加的影响... 详细信息

观测表明，自1979年以来对流层顶（平流层与对流层之间的界限）高度增加了数百米。在气候模式实验中，等量的增加也是显而易见的。气候模式实验表明，人为因素导致臭氧和均匀混合温室气体的变化，对1979-1999年对流层顶高度增加的影响占所有因素的80％。臭氧对平流层的冷却作用和均匀混合的温室气体对对流层的加热作用，使对流层顶高度增加。

关键词：对流层顶高度变化自然气候模式温室气体均匀混合人为因素加热作用

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