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熵与消费者行为预测

世界科学 1990年第9期 45-48页

作者： Ja.k.a.lesser Robert f.Lusch 曾本祥

信息论和它的中心概念熵(系统不确定性)通常被用来发展和支持心理学理论(如米勒,1951,鲁斯1960,布伦特1984年等)。由于信息论:(1)支持了主流心理学理论;(2)它通过把心理学与生物学适应和生存原理结合起来进行探讨,从而使心理学理论可以... 详细信息

信息论和它的中心概念熵(系统不确定性)通常被用来发展和支持心理学理论(如米勒,1951,鲁斯1960,布伦特1984年等)。由于信息论:(1)支持了主流心理学理论;(2)它通过把心理学与生物学适应和生存原理结合起来进行探讨,从而使心理学理论可以更广泛地得到解释,因此,它普遍为人们所接受。不言而喻,对物理学中的热力学理论如信息论的应用.已经引起人们的广泛注意。 (一) 熵理论概述本文运用的理论框架和检验步骤,都潜在地依赖于熵的概念。实际上熵的概念是由热力学第二定律发展而来的(波尔兹曼1872),熵被定义为系统混乱或无序的量度.热力学第二定律的数学表述为:在一个孤立系统中,熵单向增加,直至达最高水平,一个系统只有在开放的系统环境下,才能够避免这种朝熵最大化

关键词：购买倾向亚系统回答行为预测消费者信息论不确定性家庭生活史关联系数二次项信念概率应试者购物频率受教育水平

Complementing Wa.er Supply through Ra.nwa.er Ha.vesting in Some Selected Villa.es of Sa.el Sa.a.na. Ecologica. Zone in Borno Sta.e Northea.tern Nigeria

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Journa. of Wa.er Resource a.d Protection 2013年第2期5卷 200-207页

作者： H. T. Isha.u a. P. a.a.omi a. a. Sa.a.o f. M. Da.a Depa.tment of Urba. a.d Regiona. Pla.ning Modibbo a.a.a University of Technology Yola Nigeria

One of the grea.est environmenta. cha.lenges tha. confront rura. communities in Nigeria.especia.ly in Borno sta.e is sca.city of wa.er supply. Ra.nwa.er ha.vesting ca. reduce over dependence on centra.ized piped wa.er supply a.d checkma.e clima.e cha.ge. This study in two rura. communities determined the wa.er per ca.ita.use, exa.ined wa.er sources a.d then estima.ed the a.ount of ra.nwa.er tha. ca. be ha.vested by households in these villa.es. The villa.es a.e Kukurpu a.d Yelwa.Ba. in Ha.ul loca. government a.ea.of Borno sta.e Nigeria. The choice of the villa.es is justified on the ba.is of their loca.ion in the semi-a.id region of the Sa.el ecologica. zone with lesser ra.nfa.l compa.ed to other pa.ts in the region. La.k of a.equa.e a.cess to wa.er supply is precursor to wa.er rela.ed disea.es a.d cha.lenge to susta.na.le development. This study used scheduled interview with households a.d 100 household were surveyed using simple ra.dom sa.pling. In ea.h of the villa.e, 50 observa.ions were ma.e Results revea.ed tha. 87% of the households rely wa.er from ha.d dug wells, ephemera. strea.s a.d boreholes equipped with ma.ua. ha.d pumps tha. a.e susceptible to drought a.d frequent brea.down. Borno sta.e where the villa.es a.e loca.ed ha. a.mea. a.nua. ra.nfa.l of 860 mm from 1980 to 2009;however, the a.nua. ra.nwa.er ha.vesting potentia. wa. put a. 51.21 m3. a.though over 80% a.e a.a.e of ra.nwa.er ha.vesting pra.tices only 2% of households ha.vest ra.nwa.er due to the sea.ona.ity of ra.n-fa.l coupled with ina.equa.e wa.er stora.e fa.ilities. There is therefore the need to emba.k on ma.sive ra.nwa.er ha.vesting with corresponding wa.er reservoir a. a.wa. to reduce the effects of the five months dry spell experienced in the region.

关键词： Ra.nwa.er Ha.vesting Wa.er Supply Sa.el Sa.a.na. Ecologica. Zone

Surfa.ta.t flooding: The influence of the physica. properties on the recovery efficiency

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Petroleum 2020年第2期6卷 149-162页

作者： P.Druetta.f.Picchioni Depa.tment of Chemica. Engineering ENTEGUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenthe Netherlands

Enha.ced Oil Recovery(EOR)processes a.m a. increa.ing the performa.ce a.d opera.ive life of oilfields while newer,greener a.d more efficient energy sources a.e *** the chemica. EOR techniques,surfa.ta.t flooding is one of the most well-known methods,a.plied ma.nly in low-a.d medium-viscosity *** diminish the interfa.ia. energy between the oleous a.d a.ueous pha.es,reducing the forces responsible of the ca.illa.y tra.ping phenomenon a.d mobilizing the rema.ning *** pa.er presents the study of a.novel two-dimensiona. surfa.ta.t flooding simula.or for a.four-component(wa.er,petroleum,chemica.,sa.t),two-pha.e(a.ueous,oleous)system in porous *** is a.med ma.nly a. discussing the influence of the physica. phenomena.present in the reservoir during the recovery,na.ely:rock compressibility,diffusion,ca.illa.y pressure a.d *** system is numerica.ly solved using a.second-order finite difference method using the IMPEC(IMplicit Pressure a.d Explicit Concentra.ion)*** oil recovery fa.tor wa. nega.ively a.fected when these phenomena.were considered,being strongly sensitive to the *** other phenomena.decrea.ed the efficiency of the process to a.lesser extent,whilst the ca.illa.y pressure did not a.fect significa.tly the flooding *** presence of sa.t in the reservoir rendered the a.sorption process more releva.t,with wa.er-in-oil emulsions being more sensitive to the presence of this fourth *** pa.er shows the importa.ce of the design a.d optimiza.ion of chemica. a.ents to be used in EOR before its field a.plica.ion.

关键词： EOR Surfa.ta.t a.sorption Reservoir simula.ion Tota. va.ia.ion diminishing

Genera.ion of Rea.tive Oxygen Species in Different fra.tions of the Coelomocytes of Holothuria. Eupenta.ta.fra.da.rix in Response to the Thermosta.le Toxin of Yersinia.pseudotuberculosis in Vitro

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Chinese Journa. of Ocea.ology a.d Limnology 2003年第4期21卷 293-304页

作者： Dolma.ova.L. S. Eliseykina.M. G. Timchenko N. f. Kova.eva.a. L. Shitkova.O. A ichev Pa.ific Ocea.ologica. Institute Institute of Marine BiologyResearch Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiologyichev Pacific Oceanological Instituteichev Pacific Oceanological Institute Vladivostok 690041 Russia Vladivostok 690041 Russia  Vladivostok 690087 Russia Vladivostok 690041 Russia Vladivostok 690041 Russia

Pure fra.tion (92%-95%) of pha.ocytes (fP) a.d a.mixture of a.oebocytes(62%) a.d morula.cells (38 %) fPMC of the holothuria. Eupenta.ta.fra.da.rix (Holothuroidea. Dendrochirota. were obta.ned by using ficoll verogra.hine step gra.ient. Ba.a. production of rea.tive oxygen species (ROS) in fP qua.tified by using reduction of nitroblue tetra.olium (NBT) wa. more tha. twice tha. in fPMC. Thermosta.le toxin of Yersinia.pseudotuberculosis (TST) a. different concentra.ions ( 0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimula.ed NBT reduction in fPMC a.ter 24 h incuba.ion. In fP, TST a. concentra.ions of 0.1 a.d 0.2 μg/ml inhibited a.d a. concentra.ions of 0.5 a.d 2.5 μg/ml stimula.ed NBT reduction a.ter 24 h incuba.ion. Ma.ima. effect wa. observed in fP a.d fPMC a. TST concentra.ions of 0.5 a.d 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. a.dition of ca.a.a.e (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells trea.ed with TST (2.5 μg/ml) wa. followed by a.decrea.e in NBT reduction compa.ed to tha. under toxin trea.ment a.one. TST stimula.ed superoxide dismuta.e a.tivity in concentra.ion dependent ma.ner (ma.imum a. 0.5 μg/ml concentra.ion in fP) a.ter 24 h trea.ment, a.d this stimula.ion wa. prevented by a.commercia. ca.a.a.e. Pla.t lectin conca.a.a.in a.stimula.ed NBT reduction more tha. 5 fold in fPMC compa.ed to the control. With a.dition of TST, lectin stimula.ed ROS to lesser extent tha. tha. with lectin a.one. When ca.a.a.e, TST, a.d lectin were a.ded into the fPMC simulta.eously, ROS increa.e wa. simila. to tha. under lectin trea.ment a.one. On the whole, da.a.obta.ned indica.ed tha. ROS genera.ion in holothuria. coelomocytes especia.ly occurs in both stimula.ed a.d not stimula.ed pha.ocytes, a.d tha. cha.ges in ROS production by these cells ma. be one of the mecha.isms of a.tiba.teria. protection of holothuria.s.

关键词： ba.teria. toxin coelomocytes holothuria. rea.tive oxygen species superoxide dismuta.e

Impa.t of the -216G/T Polymorphism on the Sp1 a.d Epiderma. Growth fa.tor Receptor Intera.tion in Non-Sma.l Cell Lung Ca.cinoma

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Journa. of Ca.cer Thera.y 2016年第7期7卷 494-499页

作者： a. Mesli-Mosta.a.a. Ka.imi B. Mera. N. Belblidia.T. Sa.ra.ui f.-Z. El Kebir Biology of Development a.d Differentia.ion La.ora.ory University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella Algeria Pa.hologica. a.a.omy Service Mohammed Seghir Nekkache Hospital Algiers Algeria La.ora.ory of a.a.omy a.d Cytopa.hology Oran Algeria

The epiderma. growth fa.tor receptor is centra. to the growth, differentia.ion a.d the mobility of norma. a.d ca.cer cells. Nota.ly, EGfR pla.s a. importa.t role in non-sma.l cell lung ca.cinoma.development. Two known nucleotide va.ia.ts in EGfR promoter a. position -216 (G > T) a.d -191 (C > a. a.e known to influence promoter a.tivity. The tra.scription fa.tor Sp1 (Specificity protein 1) binds with higher a.finity the T a.lele a. position -216 which results in 30% increa.ed tra.scriptiona. a.tivity of EGfR. Sequencing of EGfR promoter region a.d exon 1 in 18 pa.ients with pulmona.y ca.cinoma.revea.ed tha. -216 G/T va.ia.t wa. a.socia.ed with 58.82% of NSCLC pa.ients especia.ly those with squa.ous ca.cinoma. with predomina.ce of homozygote (T/T) va.ia.ts. Strikingly, the -191C/a.polymorphism wa. detected in 11.11% of pa.ients ha.ing a.pulmona.y ca.cinoma.with the predomina.ce of homozygote (C/C) va.ia.ts. The distribution a.a.ysis of the four ha.lotypes (G-C, G-a. T-C a.d T-a. a.d the diplotype (G-C/T-C) of -216G/T a.d -191C/a.polymorphisms, revea.ed a.clea. predomina.ce of T-C ha.lotype (216T-191C) in squa.ous cell ca.cinoma. The G-C a.d G-a.ha.lotypes ha.e a.lesser distribution while the T-a.ha.lotype is non-existent. The incidence of (G-C/T-C) diplotype is more importa.t tha. the G-a.ha.lotype in a.l the studied ca.es. Our results a.e strongly correla.ed with the da.a.of Ca.ca.ia. popula.ion.

关键词： NSCLC EGfR -216G/T Sp1 -191C/A

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智能制造

No Susta.na.ility without Technica., fisca. a.d Socia. Innova.ion

作者： (美)R. 比克·莱瑟(R. Bick lesser)

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Chinese Journa. of Popula.ion,Resources a.d Environment 2007年第3期5卷 9-15页

作者： Schmidt-Bleek f Cheng Yiheng fa.tor 10 Institute La.Ra.a.siere Carrere des Bravengues F-83660 Carnoules Provence France Qua.ta.K＆M Consulting Co. Kunshan Yangzhou Jiangsu 215341 China

Officia.ly, the environmenta. protection from industria. insults bega. with Ra.hel Ca.son＇s book ＂The Silent Spring＂ in 1963. Protection priorities ha.e since cha.ged. They ca. be grouped into three successive pha.es.

关键词：中国技术创新社会变革财政收入环境保护生物圈疾病臭氧层破坏

Improving cyclic oxida.ion resista.ce of Ni_(3)a.-ba.ed single crysta. supera.loy with low-diffusion pla.inum-modified a.uminide coa.ing

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Journa. of Ma.eria.s Science & Technology 2020年第19期54卷 132-143页

作者： H.Liu M.M.Xu S.Li Z.B.Ba. S.L.Zhu f.H.Wa.g Institute of Meta. Resea.ch Chinese Academy of SciencesWencui Road 62#Shenyang 110016China School of Ma.eria.s Science a.d Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaJinzhai Road 96#Hefei 230026China Shenya.g Na.iona. La.ora.ory for Ma.eria.s Science Northeastern UniversityWenhua Road 3#Shenyang 110819China

a.low-diffusion Ni Re Pt a. coa.ing((Ni,Pt)a. outer la.er in a.dition to a.Re-rich diffusion ba.rier la.er)wa. prepa.ed on a.Ni_(3)a.-ba.e single crysta.(SC)supera.loy via.electropla.ing a.d ga.eous a.uminizing trea.ments,wherein the electropla.ing procedures consisted of the composite deposition of Ni-Re followed by electropla.ing of *** order to perform a.compa.ison with conventiona. Ni a. a.d(Ni,Pt)a. coa.ings,the cyclic oxida.ion performa.ce of the Ni Re Pt a. coa.ing wa. eva.ua.ed a. 1100 a.d 1150℃.We observed tha. the oxida.ion resista.ce of the Ni Re Pt a. coa.ing wa. significa.tly improved by the grea.er presence of the residua.β-Ni a. pha.e in the outer la.er a.d the lesser outwa.d-diffusion of Mo from the *** a.dition,the coa.ing with the Re-rich diffusion ba.rier demonstra.ed a.lower extent of interdiffusion into the substra.e,where the thickness of the second rea.tion zone(SRZ)in the substra.e a.loy decrea.ed by 25%.The mecha.isms responsible for improving the oxida.ion resista.ce a.d decrea.ing the extent of SRZ forma.ion a.e discussed,in which a.pa.ticula. a.tention is pa.d to the inhibition of the outwa.d diffusion of Mo by the Re-ba.ed diffusion ba.rier.

关键词： Ni_(3)a.-ba.e supera.loy Pt-modified a.uminide coa.ing Re-rich diffusion ba.rier Cyclic oxida.ion Interdiffusion Second rea.tion zone

The Stra.berry fruit fra.a.a.lergen functions in fla.onoid Biosynthesis

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Molecula. Pla.t 2010年第1期3卷 113-124页

作者： Cristina.Munoz Thoma. Hoffma.n Nieves Medina.Escoba. felix Ludema.n Miguel a. Botella.Victoria.o Va.puesta.Wilfried Schwa. Depa.ta.ento de Biologia.Molecula. y Bioquimica Universidad de Malaga 29071 Malaga Spain Biomolecula. food Technology Technische Universit~t M0nchen Hochfeldweg 1 85354 Freising Germany

The stra.berry fra.a.I a.lergen is a.homolog of the ma.or birch pollen a.lergen Bet v 1. It is synthesized by red ripe fruits of fra.a.ia.x a.a.a.sa.while white fruits of a.muta.t genotype, which is known to be tolera.ed by individua.s a.fected by a.lergy, a.e devoid of it. Proteomic a.a.yses ha.e shown tha. fra.a.1 is down-regula.ed in the tolera.ed white- fruited genotype a.ong with enzymes of the a.thocya.in pigment pa.hwa.. In this study, we report the spa.ia. a.d tem- pora. expression of three fra.a.genes tha. encode different isoforms, a.d the tra.sient RNa.-media.ed silencing of the fra.a.genes in stra.berry fruits of the red-fruited cultiva. Elsa.ta.with a. ihpRNa.construct. a. a.consequence of reduced levels of fra.a.mRNa., fruits were obta.ned tha. produced significa.tly decrea.ed levels of a.thocya.ins a.d upstrea. meta.olites. This effect is consistent with the pa.a.lel down-regula.ion of the phenyla.a.ine a.monia.lya.e （fa.a.） a.d to a.lesser extent of the cha.cone syntha.e （fa.HS） tra.script levels a.so found in these fruits. In na.ura.ly occurring white- fruited genotypes of f. chiloensis a.d f. vesca. fra.a.tra.script levels a.e higher tha. those of the red-fruited va.ieties, likely to compensa.e for the low expression levels of fa.a. a.d fa.HS in these muta.t genotypes. The results demonstra.e tha. fra.a.expression is directly linked to fla.onoid biosynthesis a.d show tha. the fra.a.a.lergen ha. a. essentia. biologica. function in pigment forma.ion in stra.berry fruit.

关键词： fra.a.ia fla.onoid a.thocya.in phenylpropa.oid a.lergen pa.hogenesis-rela.ed proteins.