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Virus-Induced Ca.cers in a.rica. Epidemiology a.d Ca.cinogenesis Mecha.isms

Open Journa. of Pa.hology 2018年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： D. Mouka.sa.a. M. boumba C. F. Nga.a.i a. Eba.etou J. B. Nkoua.Mbon J.-R. Iba.a Dépa.tement de sa.té et biologie huma.ne Faculté des sciences de la santé Université Marien N’gouabi Brazzaville Congo La.ora.oire d’a.a.yses médica.es et morphologiques H&ocirc pita. généra. de Loa.djili Pointe-Noire Congo Service de ca.cérologie et médecine interne H&ocirc pita. généra. de Loa.djili Pointe-Noire Congo Service de ca.cinologie et ra.iothéra.ie CHU de Brazzaville Congo Service de ga.tro-entérologie et médecine interne CHU de Brazzaville Congo

The resurgence of infectious disea.es on the a.rica. continent pla.s a.ma.or role in the increa.e in ca.cer occurrence. Wherea. in developed countries the ca.ses of occurrence of ca.cers a.e rela.ed ma.nly to non-infectious fa.tors;ca.cers of infectious origin become a.dra.a.ic pa.ticula.ity in a.rica. The proportion of virus-induced ca.cers ma. rea.h up to 75% of ca.cer ca.es in certa.n countries. Oncogenic viruses such a. huma. pa.illoma.virus (HPV), hepa.itis viruses B a.d C, huma. herpes virus 8 a.d Epstein Ba.r virus in a.socia.ion with huma. immunodeficiency virus a.e the ma.n vira. etiologies of ca.cers in a.rica. representing a.ound 30% of ca.cers ca.ses. Optimistica.ly, 30% of ca.cers could be prevented in a.rica. However, hea.th burden preva.ls on the continent due to the wea.ness of hea.th policy especia.ly rega.ding preventive medicine, but a.so the limited technica. fa.ilities, poor ma.power a.d insufficient politica. commitment. We felt urgent to review the sta.e of the a.t of the question, a.d necessa.y to a.a.yze a.d publicize the current epidemiologica. a.va.ces in oncogenic viruses a.d virus-induced ca.cers in a.rica. Prevention implies understa.ding, which is compulsory to reverse the current trends a.d to potentia.ly insta.e a.control of virus-induced ca.cers.

关键词： Virus-Induced Ca.cers Infectious Disea.es Tumor Viruses a.rica

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Prosta.e Tumors Dia.nosis: Pla.e of Fine Needle a.pira.ion in Congolese Pa.ients

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Open Journa. of Pa.hology 2020年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： C. F. S. Nga.a.i S. E. Okoua.go a. F. Bolenga.Liboko L. M. a. boumba E. Ndounga.Y. Ma.ila.D. Mouka.sa.J. B. Nkoua.Mbon Depa.tment of Oncology a.d Interna. Medicine Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Medica. Oncology Depa.tment CHU-Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo La.ora.ory of a.a.omy Pa.hology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Hospita. Genera. Edith Lucie Bongo Oyo Congo

Objective: To determine the ka.pa.(κ) concorda.ce coefficient between fine needle a.pira.ion a.d serum prosta.ic a.tigen (PSa. coupled with digita. recta. exa.ina.ion a.d prosta.ic ultra.ound. Ma.eria. a.d Methods: We conducted a.cross-sectiona. study covering the period from Ja.ua.y 1st to June 30th, 2018 in the city of Pointe-Noire. It is a.study of 31 ca.es of prosta.e tumors in Congolese subjects a. the Genera. Hospita. of Loa.djili in Pointe-Noire of Congo Bra.za.ille. The clinica., biologica., ultra.ound a.d cytologica. a.pects were the va.ia.les of the study. Results: The mea. a.e wa. 71.06 yea.s with extremes of 57 a.d 93 yea.s. One pa.ient ha. a.fa.ily history of prosta.e ca.cer tha. wa. found a. his brother’s house a. the a.e of 52. Dysuria.wa. the most represented sign in a.l of our pa.ients. Suspicion of prosta.e ca.cer wa. the most commonly ta.ked in digita. recta. exa.ina.ion. Prosta.e specific a.tigen (PSa. wa. grea.er tha. or equa. to 10 ng/ml in more 74% of our pa.ients. 61.3% of our pa.ients ha. a.heterogeneous prosta.ic ultra.ound. 48.3% of ma.igna.t tumors a.d 32.3% of benign tumors were found cytologica.ly. The a.socia.ion between digita. recta. exa.ina.ion a.d prosta.ic ultra.ound wa. sta.istica.ly significa.t (p ≤ 0.05) a.d good a.reement wa. found between cytologica. dia.nosis coupled with digita. recta. exa.ina.ion a.d prosta.ic echostructure (0.6 ≤ κ ≤ 0.8). a.low concorda.ce between prosta.ic specific a.tigen (PSa. a.d cytologica. concorda.ce wa. noted (0.2 ≤ κ ≤ 0.4). Conclusion: Prosta.ic tumors in Congo in their dia.nostic pa.ticula.ities a.e domina.ed by ma.igna.t tumors with a.la.ge number of pa.ients to wa.ch. The fine needle a.pira.ion is suita.le for orienta.ion exa.ina.ions of prosta.ic tumors a.d ca. be performed by a.y doctor a.d provides us a.fa.t, effective dia.nostic orienta.ion with a.strong clinico-morphologica. correla.ion in our low incomes countries.

关键词： Fine Needle a.pira.ion Prosta.e Tumors Dia.nosis Congolese

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Brea.t Ca.cer: Epidemiologica., Clinica., a.d Thera.eutic a.pects in Pointe Noire (Congo Bra.za.ille)

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Open Journa. of Pa.hology 2019年第4期9卷 76-85页

作者： C. F. S. Nga.a.i a. F. Bolenga.Liboko E. Ndounga.Y. Ma.ila.D. Mouka.sa.J. B. Nkoua.Mbon P. E. G. Sounga.Ba.dzouzi L. M. a. boumba Depa.tment of Oncology a.d Interna. Medicine Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Medica. Oncology Depa.tment CHU-Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Hospita. Genera. Edith Lucie Bongo Oyo Congo Depa.tement of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo La.ora.oire d’a.a.omie Pa.hologie Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo

Introduction: Brea.t ca.cer is the lea.ing ca.cer a.d the lea.ing ca.se of ca.cer dea.h in women worldwide. The objective of our study wa. to describe the epidemiologica., clinica. a.d thera.eutic a.pects of brea.t ca.cer a. the Genera. Hospita. of Loa.djili in Pointe Noire. Pa.ients a.d Methods: This wa. a.descriptive a.d cross-sectiona. study tha. took pla.e in the Ca.cer Depa.tment of the Genera. Hospita. of Loa.djili in Pointe Noire during the period from Ja.ua.y 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016 for dura.ion of 5 yea.s. 54 records of pa.ients over 18 yea.s of a.e with histologica. evidence were collected. The va.ia.les studied were: a.e, level of educa.ion, time to presenta.ion, tellta.e sign, sta.e of extension, histologica. type, a.d histologica. gra.e. Chi-squa.e test wa. used to compa.e va.ia.les a.d groups. Results: a. the end of this study, we collected 54 files of brea.t ca.cer pa.ients from 150 pa.ients hospita.ized in the Ca.cer Depa.tment. The frequency of brea.t ca.cer wa. 36%. The a.era.e a.e wa. 50 ± 13.6 yea.s;the extremes were 27 yea.s a.d 79 yea.s. The most represented a.e group wa. from 37 to 40 yea.s old with a.percenta.e of 28%. The pa.ient’s level of study wa. prima.y in the ma.ority of ca.es (57%). The most represented histologica. type wa. inva.ive ducta. ca.cinoma. (100%). The ma.ority of pa.ients a.rived a. a.va.ced sta.es 44.4% a.d meta.ta.ic sta.es 26%. Pa.ients were trea.ed in most of ca.es by chemothera.y (82%), surgery (42%) a.d ra.iothera.y (10%). There wa. a.correla.ion between time of presenta.ion a.d sta.e of extension. Conclusion: Brea.t ca.cer is the first ca.cer of the woma. in Pointe Noire. Pa.ients a.rive a. a.va.ced sta.es;the most common histologica. type is inva.ive ducta. ca.cinoma. The presenta.ion time is correla.ed with the extension sta.e. These results suggest the esta.lishment of a.ca.cer control progra. in developing countries.

关键词： Epidemiologica. Clinica. Thera.eutic Brea.t Ca.cer Pointe Noire

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Meta.ta.ic Brea.t Ca.cer Surviva. in Pointe Noire: a.a.ysis of 30 Ca.es

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Open Journa. of Pa.hology 2019年第4期9卷 86-99页

作者： C. F. S. Nga.a.i a. F. Bolenga.Liboko M. L. Eoua.i L. M. a. boumba P. E. G. Sounga.Ba.dzouzi E. Ndounga.Y. Ma.ila.D. Mouka.sa.J. B. Nkoua.Mbon Depa.tment of Oncology a.d Interna. Medicine Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Medica. Oncology Depa.tment CHU-Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Depa.tment of Gynecology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo La.ora.oire d’a.a.omie Pa.hologie Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Depa.tement of Neurology Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo Hospita. Genera. Edith Lucie Bongo Oyo Congo

Introduction: Brea.t ca.cer is the lea.ing ca.cer a.d the lea.ing ca.se of ca.cer dea.h in women worldwide. a.out 5% to 10% of brea.t ca.cer pa.ients present with meta.ta.es. While the 5-yea. surviva. of pa.ients with loca. brea.t ca.cer va.ies a.ound 98.8%, this surviva. ra.e drops to a.ound 26.3% for meta.ta.ic pa.ients. The objective of this study wa. to determine the surviva. of pa.ients with meta.ta.ic brea.t ca.cer in resource-limited settings. Pa.ients a.d Methods: This wa. a.cross-sectiona. descriptive study tha. took pla.e in the Ca.cer Depa.tment of the Genera. Hospita. of Loa.djili in Pointe Noire during the period from Ja.ua.y 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, for dura.ion of 6 yea.s. 30 records of pa.ients over 18 yea.s of a.e a.d with histologica. evidence who received a. lea.t 3 courses of chemothera.y were collected. The va.ia.les studied were: a.e, level of educa.ion, socio-economic level, menopa.sa. sta.us, history, WHO sta.us, menopa.sa. sta.us, tumor size, histologica. type, tumor loca.ion, the type of trea.ment a.d surviva.. Surviva. wa. ca.cula.ed by Ka.la. Meier method. Fisher’s exa.t test wa. used to sea.ch for correla.ion between va.ia.les. Results: The a.era.e a.e wa. 52.62 ± 10.96 yea.s old. The extremes were 33 yea.s a.d 75 yea.s old. The most represented level of educa.ion wa. the prima.y level in 67% of ca.es. The ma.ority of pa.ients ha. low socioeconomic sta.us in 50% of ca.es. The pa.ients were menopa.sa. in 57% of ca.es. The a.tecedents of ca.cer were present in 13% of ca.es. 50% of pa.ients ha. a.WHO sta.us performa.ce a. 2. The tumor size wa. grea.er tha. 2 cm in 77% of ca.es. The most represented histologica. type wa. inva.ive ducta. ca.cinoma.in 93% of ca.es. The most represented histologica. gra.e wa. Scha.ff gra.e III Richa.dson bloom in 80% of ca.es. The most represented meta.ta.ic loca.iza.ion wa. pulmona.y in 33% of ca.es. The meta.ta.ic loca.iza.ions were unique in 47% of ca.es a.d multiple in 53% of ca.es. a.thra.ycline-ba.ed

关键词： Brea.t Ca.cer Meta.ta.ic Surviva. Pointe Noire Congo

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Seropreva.ence a.d Molecula. Biodiverisity of Hepa.itis C Infection in Congolese Dia.etics

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Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2019年第1期9卷 22-27页

作者： a. Mongo-Onkouo M. G. Ibobi Ga.sa.e Deby E. Boueniza.ila.C. P. a.oui a.endi N. a.dzoua.a.Mba.ognoua.J. F. Mimiesse Mona.ou a. boumba N. a. Itoua.Nga.oro B. I. a.ipoiba.a.H. G. Mona.eka.J.-R. Iba.a Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology a.d Interna. Medicine Brazzaville University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Ngouabi Marien University Brazzaville Congo Depa.tment of Meta.olic Disea.es of Bra.za.ille University Hospita. Center Brazzaville Congo La.ora.ory Service Hospita. Genera. of Loua.djili Pointe- Noire Congo

Summa.y: There is no evidence for comorbidity dia.etes a.d hepa.itis C virus infection in the Congo. The a.m of this work wa. to determine the seropreva.ence a.d molecula. biodiversity of HCV in order to contribute to improving the ma.a.ement of Congolese dia.etics. Pa.ients a.d methods: It wa. a.cross-sectiona. study tha. took pla.e from 1 Februa.y to 30 September 2018 a. the Bra.za.ille University Hospita., the Dia.ca.e Hea.th Center a.d the a.olphe Cissé Hospita. in Pointe-Noire. It concerned dia.etic pa.ients followed in Bra.za.ille a.d Pointe-Noire a.reeing to the study, a.ter obta.ning the opinion of the ethics committee of the resea.ch in hea.th science. a.l sa.ples collected were screened for the presence of a.ti HCV a. using a.ra.id a.ERE HCV test a.d the Monolisa.HCV a.-a. ultra.test for confirma.ion in Congo. Detection of the vira. RNa.wa. done by PCR retrotra.scription a.d genotyping wa. performed a.cording to the reverse hybridiza.ion technique in Fra.ce. Da.a.a.a.ysis wa. done with EpiInfo 6.0 softwa.e (2016);the proportions were compa.ed using the Chi-squa.e test or the Fisher test a. the significa.ce level of 5%. Results: Of 447 pa.ients with dia.etes mellitus, 49 ha. HCV positive serology a.d the sex ra.io wa. 0.63. Seropreva.ence of a. a.ti HCV wa. 11% (49/447);HCV RNa.wa. detecta.le in 71.4% (n = 35) pa.ients. The a.era.e a.e of the popula.ion wa. 62 ± 10 yea.s with extremes ra.ging from 26 to 82 yea.s. The circula.ing genotypes were 4 (97.1%) a.d 1 (2.8%). Subtyping wa. defined in 17.64% (n = 6) of genotype 4 pa.ients;undefined in 82.36% (n = 28) of Genotype 4 pa.ients, a.d in one of genotype 1 pa.ients. The subtypes identified were subtype 4e (60%), subtype 4e (8.8%), subtype 4a.4c/4d (5.8%), a.d subtype 4h (2.9%). Conclusion: The preva.ence of HCV is high in our study. These a.e importa.t da.a.for the improvement of the ma.a.ement of dia.etics.

关键词： Hepa.itis C Dia.ete Congo

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Seropreva.ence a.d Molecula. Biodiversity of Hepa.itis B a.d Delta.Virus Infections in the Republic of Congo

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Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2018年第12期8卷 448-454页

作者： a. Mongo-Onkouo R. Itoko Okombi a. boumba F. R. Nia.a.C. P. a.oui-a.endi J. F. Mimiesse Mona.ou N. a. Itoua.Nga.oro L. C. a.ipo-Iba.a.Olla.dzobo Ikobo Deby Ga.sa.e M. Nga.essa.i Moua.osso C. S. a.oua.B. I. a.ipo-Iba.a.J.-R. Iba.a Ga.tro-Enterology a.d Interna. Medicine CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Ngouabi Marien University Brazzaville Congo La.ora.ory Service Hospita. Genera. of Loua.djili Pointe-Noire Congo Na.iona. Public Hea.th La.ora.ory Brazzaville Congo Infa.t Pedia.ric Service CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Hepa.itis B virus (HBV) infection is a.ma.or public hea.th problem in the world. In Congo, studies on the preva.ence of HBV infection a.e common but HDV infection is ra.e. Objective: Contribute to improve the ma.a.ement a.d prevention of HBV a.d HDV infections. Pa.ients a.d Methods: This wa. a.descriptive a.d cross-sectiona. study conducted from Ja.ua.y to a.gust 2016 in the hea.th services of the va.ious depa.tments of Congo a.d a. the na.iona. public hea.th la.ora.ory in Bra.za.ille. a.l pa.ients with HBsa. surfa.e a.tigen who were a. lea.t 18 yea.s old a.d who consented to the study were included. The HBs a.tigen wa. first tested by a.ra.id test then confirmed by ELISa. a.l HBsa. positive pa.ients were subsequently subjected to a.second ELISa.test for Delta.a.tibody. The techniques of extra.tion a.d conventiona. a.d specific gene a.plifica.ion were ca.ried out on pla.ma.for the identifica.ion of the genotypes of the two viruses. The da.a.a.a.ysis wa. done with EpiInfo V7 softwa.e. The proportions were compa.ed using the Chi-squa.e test or the Fisher test a. the significa.ce level of 5%. Results: 1618 subjects were included, of whom 180 were positive for HBsa., a.frequency of 11.12%. The sex ra.io (M/F) wa. 0.77%, the mea. a.e wa. 40.2 ± 15.6 yea.s with extremes ra.ging from 18 to 88 yea.s. Of the 180 HBsa. positive, 22 were a.ti-VHD positive, a.frequency of 12.22%. HBV DNa.wa. a.plified in 83.8% (151/180), HDV RNa.in 63.6% (14/22). For HBV, three genotypes were identified: E (46.9%), a.(43.7%) a.d D (9.4%), however for VHD three genotypes D1, D5, D8 were identified. Conclusion: Co-infection of hepa.itis B a.d Delta.viruses is common in Congo. The ma.a.ement a.d prevention of hepa.itis B must ta.e into a.count the rea.ity of this co-infection.

关键词： Seropreva.ence Molecula. Biodiversity Hepa.itis B Virus a.d Delta Congo

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a.ypica. Compression of the Neck by Domestic Hydra.lic Pla.form Lift Cla.sified a. Suicida. a.phyxia

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Journa. of Forensic Science a.d Medicine 2023年第2期9卷 186-189页

作者： Kleio Fra.kouli Theodore Vougioukla.is Va.siliki a.boumba Depa.tment of Forensic Medicine a.d Toxicology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece

This contribution reports on a.ca.e involving the dea.h of a.fema.e with a.history of depression in trea.ment found dea. in her house,with her neck compressed by a.hydra.lic lift eleva.or used for domestic *** ma.ner of dea.h wa. determined a. suicide ba.ed on a. on-scene investiga.ion a.d witness testimony a.ong with a.comprehensive postmortem *** ca.e is reported on the grounds of its ra.ity a.d it highlights the potentia. da.ger of using a.va.ced domestic equipment in the elder people’s residencies,especia.ly those ha.ing a.menta. sta.e of self-destruction.

关键词： a.phyxia a.topsy elderly eleva.or forensic pa.hology neck suicide

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Estima.ing a.Relia.le Cutoff Point of 1‑Propa.ol in Postmortem Blood a. Ma.ker of Microbia. Etha.ol Production

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Journa. of Forensic Science a.d Medicine 2019年第3期5卷 141-146页

作者： Va.siliki a.boumba Nikola.s Kourkoumelis Ka.lirroi Zia.rou Theodore Vougioukla.is La.ora.ory of Forensic Medicine a.d Toxicology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece La.ora.ory of Medica. Physics Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoanninaGreece

The interpreta.ion of the etha.ol a.a.ysis results in postmortem ca.es ma. be cha.lenging when the origin of postmortem etha.ol(a.temortem ingestion or microbia. production)is under *** this study,we investiga.ed the suita.ility of blood 1‑propa.ol cutoff concentra.ion a. a.relia.le ma.ker for the discrimina.ion between“positive”a.d“nega.ive”for postmortem etha.ol production(PEP)a.topsy blood sa.ples by performing receiver opera.ing cha.a.teristic(ROC)*** results indica.ed tha. a.threshold 1‑propa.ol concentra.ion of 0.104 mg/dL ha. a. a.ea.under the curve of 0.90(sta.da.d devia.ion=0.03),sensitivity of 79%,a.d specificity of 91%for predicting PEP with 95%confidence *** mea.s tha. the positive for PEP a.topsy blood sa.ples yield significa.tly differentia.ed PEP tha. a.proxima.ely 90%of the *** estima.ed concentra.ion of 1‑propa.ol is a. a.plica.le threshold(cutoff)va.ue for a.topsy blood 1‑propa.ol to discrimina.e between“positive”a.d“nega.ive”sa.ples for *** na.ed this threshold 1‑propa.ol concentra.ion(of 0.104 mg/dL)a.“1‑propa.ol criterion.”In a. effort to test its a.plica.ility to postmortem ca.es,we eva.ua.ed blood etha.ol a.d 1‑propa.ol from 222 postmortem ca.es *** results showed tha. 10%of the tested sa.ples were positive for PEP,a.d only a.few of them were from bodies with signs of putrefa.tion a. *** finding indica.es tha. PEP in a.corpse could ta.e pla.e before the a.pea.a.ce of obvious *** suggest the ROC‑ba.ed ca.cula.ion of the 1‑propa.ol cutoff concentra.ion,a. 0.104 mg/dL,a. a. effective method for“fla.ging”blood sa.ples a. positive for PEP irrespectively of the presence or not of putrefa.tion.

关键词： 1‑propa.ol blood etha.ol forensic postmortem

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Ba.teria. Community Diversity of a.Congolese Tra.itiona. Fermented Food, “Pa.dé”, Revea.ed by Illumina.Miseq^TM Sequencing of 16S rRNa.Gene

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Open Journa. of a.plied Sciences 2022年第3期12卷 387-405页

作者： C. P. Limingui Polo a. a. Lebonguy a. E. Lembella.boumba S. a. E. Nza.u M Boka.ba.Mouka.a.J. Goma.Tchimba.a.a.M. Dia.ewa Institut na.iona. de Recherche en Sciences Exa.tes et Na.urelles Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulté des Sciences et Techniques Brazzaville Congo Ecole Na.iona.e Supérieure d’a.ronomie et de Foresterie Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulté des Sciences de la.Sa.té Brazzaville Congo

Pa.dé is a.Congolese fermented food produced from fruit pulps of ra.fia.pa.m. The a.m of this study wa. to explore the diversities in ba.teria. communities in the unfermented pulps (control) (PNFL) a.d fermented pulps obta.ned from fruits using boiling (PMF) a.d purcha.ed a. ma.kets in Bra.za.ille (PFL) a.d using Illumina.MiSeqTM sequencing of 16S rRNa.gene. a.tota. number of 157,054 sequences wa. obta.ned a.d grouped into 737 opera.iona. ta.onomic units (OTUs). These were cla.sified into 13 phyla. 26 cla.ses, 48 orders, 96 fa.ilies a.d 176 genera. a. the phylum level, the most frequent ba.teria. communities were: for PFM, Proteoba.teria.(38.94%) a.d Firmicutes (19.37%);for PFL, Firmicutes (69.10%) a.d Proteoba.teria.(30.89%);for PNFL, Firmicutes (84.92%) a.d Proteoba.teria.(14.22%). were the most frequent in PFL, while a.idoba.teria.(40.02%), Proteoba.teria.(38.94%) a.d Firmicutes (19.37%) were prepondera.t in PFM. Firmicutes (84.92%) a.d Proteoba.teria.(14.22%) were the most common in unfermented pulps (PNFL). La.toba.illus (47.70%) a.d Gluconoba.ter genera.(15.33%) were the most represented in the PFL sa.ple. a.idipila.(35.56%) a.d Rhizomicrobium (11.41%) were prepondera.t genera.in the PFM sa.ple. Weissella.genus wa. the most frequent in the PNFL sa.ple. Hiera.chica. cluster indica.ed tha. the sa.ples could be grouped into two groups of different origins. PCa.showed tha. ma.n genera.were higher in the fermented sa.ples. The diversity wa. higher in the fermented pulps or Pa.dé tha. in the unfermented pulps. Pa.dé ca. be a.potentia. source for the isola.ion of ba.teria.with biotechnologica. potentia..

关键词： Diversity Pa.dé Ba.teria. Community Fermented Food Ra.fia.Pa.m

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Studying crea.ion of bulk elementa.y excita.ion by hea.ers in superfluid helium-II a. low tempera.ures

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Journa. of Zhejia.g University-Science a.a.plied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第7期8卷 1065-1076页

作者： Za.Ha.ENKO a. a. Interna.iona. Institute of Za.ha.enko Wa.es Krasnoyarsk 660037 Russia

In this pa.er, the obta.ned experimenta. results concerning crea.ion of bulk elementa.y excita.ions （BEEs） in isotopica.ly pure liquid ^4He a. low tempera.ures -60 mK a.e discussed. Positive rotons＇（R^＋-rotons） crea.ion by a.pulsed hea.er wa. studied. Signa.s were recorded for the following qua.tum processes： qua.tum eva.ora.ion of ^4He-a.oms from the free liquid-helium surfa.e by the BEEs of the liquid helium-Ⅱ, a.d BEEs reflection from the free surfa.e ba.k into the bulk liquid. Typica. signa.s a.e shown, a.d ra.ios of signa. a.plitudes a.e eva.ua.ed. For long hea.er pulses from 5 to 10 μs, a.pea.a.ce of the second a.omic cloud consisting of eva.ora.ed ^4He-a.oms wa. observed in a.dition to the first a.omic cloud. It is thought tha. the first a.omic cloud of the eva.ora.ed helium a.oms consists of very fa.t ^4He-a.oms with energies ～35 K eva.ora.ed by positive rotons with the specia. energies ～17 K （～2ER～2×8.6 K with ER representing the roton minimum energy） corresponding to the third non-dispersive Za.ha.enko wa.e. The second cloud of slower ^4He-a.oms wa. crea.ed by surfa.e elementa.y excita.ions （SEEs or ripplons） possessing the specia. energies ～7.15 K representing the binding energy. It wa. a.sumed tha. such SEEs ca. be crea.ed by phonons incoming to the liquid surfa.e with specia. energies ～6.2 K corresponding to the first non-dispersive Za.ha.enko wa.e which ca. intera.t a. the liquid surfa.e with the sa.e phonons a.rea.y reflected from the surfa.e for long hea.er pulses. a.so, some pulsed-hea.er cha.a.teristics were studied in order to better understa.d the fea.ures of such hea.ers in low tempera.ure experiments.

关键词： Superfluid helium-II Bulk elementa.y excita.ions (BEEs) Low tempera.ures Cooper pa.ring phenomenon Non-dispersive Za.ha.enko wa.es

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