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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 6-9页

作者： Susan D.richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA

It is interesting how a random encounter can profoundly change your life. My random encounter was with a young graduate student from Michael plewa’s laboratory. The location was the 1999 American Chemical Society (ACS) Conference, where, following his talk, this promising researcher was being unfairly criticized by a well-established scientist. I disagreed with this scientist’s criticism, and I encouraged the student how I thought his work was important.

关键词： breaking integrating analytical

A new technique helps to uncover unknown peptides and disinfection by-products in water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 6-8页

作者： Susan D.richardson Cristina postigo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish National Research Council(IDAEA-CSIC)

Environmental water samples can be extremely complex,with potentially thousands of molecules that can derive from natural organic matter（NOM）and thousands that derive from anthropogenic *** complex as these samples are,drinking water can be even more *** to disinfectants that are used to treat drinking water（e.g.,chlorine,chloramines,

关键词： Disinfection by-products(DBps) Drinking water Halogenated peptides Liquid chromatography Natural organic matter(NOM) Non-targeted analysis Tandem mass spectrometry Water contaminants

Misdiagnosis of Earth climate sensitivity based on energy balance model results

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Science Bulletin 2015年第15期60卷 1370-1377页

作者： Mark richardson Zeke Hausfather Dana A.Nuccitelli Ken Rice John p.Abraham Department of Meteorology University of Reading Climate physics Section Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Energy and Resources Group University of CaliforniaBerkeley Skeptical Science Brisbane Institute for Astronomy Royal Observatory University of Edinburgh School of Engineering University of St. Thomas St. Paul

Monckton of Brenchley et al.(Sci Bull60:122–135, 2015)(hereafter called M15) use a simple energy balance model to estimate climate response. They select parameters for this model based on semantic arguments, leading to different results from those obtained in physics-based studies. M15 did not validate their model against observations, but instead created synthetic test data based on subjective assumptions. We show that M15 systematically underestimate warming: since 1990, most years were warmer than their modelled upper limit. During 2000–2010, RMS error and bias are approximately 150 % and 350 % larger than for the CMIp5 median, using either the Berkeley Earth or Cowtan and Way surface temperature data. We show that this poor performance can be explained by a logical flaw in theparameter selection and that selected parameters contradict observational estimates. M15 also conclude that climate has a near-instantaneous response to forcing, implying no net energy imbalance for the Earth. This contributes to their low estimates of future warming and is falsified by Argo float measurements that show continued ocean heating and therefore a sustained energy imbalance. M15's estimates of climate response and future global warming are not consistent with measurements and so cannot be considered credible.

关键词： Climate sensitivity Global warming Climate change Climate model Climate feedback

Do DBps swim in salt water pools? Comparison of 60 DBps formed by electrochemically generated chlorine vs. conventional chlorine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 232-241页

作者： Caroline O.Granger Susan D.richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina631 Sumter St.ColumbiaSC 29208USA

Disinfectants are added to swimming pools to kill harmful pathogens. Although liquid chlorine(sodium hypochlorite) is the most commonly used disinfectant, alternative disinfection techniques like electrochemically generated mixed oxidants or electrochemically generated chlorine, often referred to as salt water pools, are growing in popularity. However, these disinfectants react with natural organic matter and anthropogenic contaminants introduced to the pool water by swimmers to form disinfection byproducts(DBps). DBps have been linked to several adverse health effects, such as bladder cancer, adverse birth outcomes, and asthma. In this study, we quantified 60 DBps using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assessed the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an indoor community swimming pool before and after switching to a salt water pool with electrochemically generated chlorine. Interestingly, the total DBps increased by 15% upon implementation of the salt water pool, but the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity decreased by 45% and 15%, respectively. predominant DBp classes formed were haloacetic acids, with trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid contributing 57% of the average total DBps formed. Haloacetonitriles, haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes were the primary drivers of calculated cytotoxicity, and haloacetic acids were the primary driver of calculated genotoxicity. Diiodoacetic acid, a highly toxic iodinated DBp, is reported for the first time in swimming pool water. Bromide impurities in sodium chloride used to electrochemically generate chlorine led to a 73% increase in brominated DBps, primarily driven by bromochloroacetic acid. This study presents the most extensive DBp study to-date for salt water pools.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Swimming pools Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity GC-MS

A post-classical theory of enamel biomineralization… and why we need one

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第3期4卷 129-134页

作者： James p Simmer Amelia S richardson Yuan-Yuan Hu Charles E Smith Jan Ching-Chun Hu Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Facility for Electron Microscopy Research Department of Anatomy and CellBiology and Faculty ofDentstry McGlIUniversity. Montreal Canada

Enamel crystals are unique in shape, orientation and organization. They are hundreds of thousands times longer than they are wide, run parallel to each other, are oriented with respect to the ameloblast membrane at the mineralization front and are organized into rod or interrod enamel. The classical theory of amelogenesis postulates that extracellular matrix proteins shape crystallites by specifically inhibiting ion deposition on the crystal sides, orient them by binding multiple crystallites and establish higher levels of crystal organization. Elements of the classical theory are supported in principle by in vitro studies; however, the classical theory does not explain how enamel forms in vivo. In this review, we describe how amelogenesis is highly integrated with ameloblast cell activities and how the shape, orientation and organization of enamel mineral ribbons are established by a mineralization front apparatus along the secretory surface of the ameloblast cell membrane.

关键词： ameloblastin amelogenin enamelin mineralization front tooth

Seasonal dynamics of cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton in a multiplereservoir recycling irrigation system

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Ecological processes 2019年第1期8卷 465-475页

作者： ping Kong patricia richardson Chuanxue Hong Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center Virginia Tech1444 Diamond Springs RoadVirginia BeachVA 23455USA

Background:Agricultural runoff recycling systems are manmade aquatic ecosystems of growing significance to global water sustainability,crop health,and *** study investigated the seasonal dynamics of microbial community in a three-reservoir recycling irrigation system with a stepwise water flow and compared with that of an adjacent runoff-free *** water from all production areas was captured in a sedimentation reservoir which overflowed to a transition reservoir then retention reservoir through a *** water was pumped to replenish the reservoirs as needed during growing ***:16S rDNA pCR clone libraries of quarterly water samples from three reservoirs and one stream were sequenced,and 575 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identified and assigned to cyanobacteria,eukaryotic phytoplankton,and other *** compared to the stream,three reservoirs consistently had low microbial diversity.A distinct seasonal pattern of microbial community structure was observed for each reservoir and the *** was consistently dominated by other *** reservoir was dominated by cyanobacteria during the summer and fall and eukaryotic phytoplankton during the winter and *** reservoir was dominated by cyanobacteria beginning in the spring but that dominance was altered when water was pumped from the stream from early spring to fall *** reservoir had the greatest shift of microbial community structure,being dominated by other bacteria in the summer,cyanobacteria in the fall,and eukaryotic phytoplankton in the winter and *** temperature and ammonium level were the two most important contributing factors to the seasonality of microbial community in these ***:The three recycling irrigation reservoirs consistently had lower microbial diversity and distinct community structure when compared to the *** reservoirs were typically dominated by cyanobacteria dur

关键词： Bacteria Cyanobacteria phytoplankton Seasonal dynamics Water recycling Water quality

Formation of iodo-trihalomethanes, iodo-haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes during chlorination and chloramination of iodine containing waters in laboratory controlled reactions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 127-134页

作者： Cristina postigo Susan D.richardson Damia Barceló Water and Soil Quality Research Group Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) Barcelona Spain Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina SC 29208 United States Catalan Institute for Water Research(ICRA) Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona17003 GironaSpain

Iodine containing disinfection by-products（I-DBps） and haloacetaldehydes（HALs） are emerging disinfection by-product（DBp） classes of concern. The former due to its increased potential toxicity and the latter because it was found to be the third most relevant DBp class in mass in a U.S. nationwide drinking water study. These DBp classes have been scarcely investigated, and this work was performed to further explore their formation in drinking water under chlorination and chloramination scenarios. In order to do this, iodo-trihalomethanes（I-THMs）,iodo-haloacetic acids（I-HAAs） and selected HALs（mono-HALs and di-HALs species, including iodoacetaldehyde） were investigated in DBp mixtures generated after chlorination and chloramination of different water matrices containing different levels of bromide and iodide in laboratory controlled reactions. Results confirmed the enhancement of I-DBp formation in the presence of monochloramine. While I-THMs and I-HAAs contributed almost equally to total I-DBp concentrations in chlorinated water, I-THMs contributed the most to total I-DBp levels in the case of chloraminated water. The most abundant and common I-THM species generated were bromochloroiodomethane, dichloroiodomethane, and chlorodiiodomethane. Iodoacetic acid and chloroiodoacetic acid contributed the most to the total I-HAA concentrations measured in the investigated disinfected water. As for the studied HALs, dihalogenated species were the compounds that predominantly formed under both investigated treatments.

关键词： Iodinated disinfection by-products Chlorination Chloramination Drinking water Mass spectrometry Iodo-trihalomethanes Iodo-haloacetic acids Haloacetaldehydes

Acacia mangium Willd: benefits and threats associated with its increasing use around the world

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 13-25页

作者： Lydie-Stella Koutika David M.richardson CRDpI Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University

Background: Acacia mangium, a fast-growing tree native to parts of Indonesia, papua New Guinea and Australia,has been cultivated outside its native environment and introduced into humid tropical lowland regions of Asia,South America and Africa over the last few decades. It is a multipurpose tree used in agroforestry, forestry and for restoration of degraded lands. It is also highly invasive in many regions where it has been introduced outside its native range. This paper reviews evidence of its obvious benefits and its negative impacts on ***: A literature review on Australian acacias and especially on A. mangium was undertaken to highlight both benefits and threats associated with their increasing worldwide use outside their native ***: Through N_2 fixed from the atmosphere, A. mangium improves soil fertility, especially by increasing N status and soil C accretion when introduced to N-limited areas; it thus has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems. No studies have, however, been done to assess the effectiveness of A. mangium in restoring biodiversity of degraded lands. Most Australian acacias have traits that facilitate invasiveness, and 23 species have been recorded as invasive to date. A. mangium has been reported as invasive in Asia, Indonesia, pacific Islands,Indian Ocean Islands, southern Africa and Brazil. Research on other invasive Australian acacias in several parts of the world has elucidated the types of impacts that are likely in different types of ecosystems and key options for mitigating ***: A. mangium has the potential to restore nutrient cycling in degraded systems, but is highly invasive wherever it is planted. Many parts of the world have a large invasion debt for this species. Experience with other invasive acacias around the world suggests a suite of interventions that could be used to reduce invasions and mitigate impacts. Careful risk assessments should be undertaken prior to

关键词： Biodiversity Biological invasions C sequestration Soil N status Tree invasions

The Nation in Utero： Translating the Science of Fetal Education in Republican China

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Frontiers of History in China 2012年第1期7卷 4-31页

作者： Nicole richardson Department of History University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

As Chinese nationalists grappled with the political and military weakness of the young Republic of China, some sought to strengthen the Chinese race by advocating a return to the ancient practice of fetal education. Fetal education held that every sight, sound, and flavor that a pregnant mother took in through her senses, as well as her emotions and demeanor, directly affected her fetus. This paper examines how the text Taijiao, Song Jiazhao＇s 1914 Chinese translation of Shimoda Jirr＇s Japanese work Taiky6, presents a modern reformulation of fetal education that draws upon both modern Western science and East Asian medicine. As the text uses modern biology and psychology to explain and demonstrate the efficacy of fetal education, it also narrows the scope of fetal education to focus almost exclusively on the mother＇s psychological state Similarly, as the text turns to instruct women on the practice of fetal education, it draws upon Edo and Qing gynecological principles to emphasise the importance of the pregnant mother＇s emotional self-control. Ultimately this text represents a neo-traditionalist response to modernity as it presents a Neo-Confucian vision of fetal education focused on a pregnant mother＇s moral self-cultivation and emotional self control.

关键词： fetal education (taijiao) gynecology fetus Western science,medicine Neo-Confucianism Republican Era

Erroneous use of Statistics behind Claims of a Major Solar Role in Recent Warming

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第12期22卷 224-231页

作者： Mark T.richardson Rasmus E.Benestad Jet propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFt CollinsCO 90732USA Norwegian Meteorological Institute NO-0313 OsloNorway

In a study that attempted to relate solar and human activity to Earth's recent temperature change,Connolly et *** a basic error in the choice of statistical methods and so overreported the effect of the Sun.A major theme of their study was that there are many data sets of past solar activity,and some of these allegedly provide statistical evidence of“most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity.”We avoid methods that are known to give inaccurate results and show that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemisphere land the corrected solar attribution fraction is-7%to+5%,compared with values of up to 64%reported in Connolly et *** higher values are entirely due to mistaken application of ***,we cannot test truly“recent”global warming since most of their solar data sets end before 2015,and two finish in the 1990s,but all tested post-1970 periods show similarly small solar *** solar-climate linkage is an area of fascinating and ongoing research with rigorous technical *** argue that instead of repeating errors,they should be acknowledged and corrected so that the debate can focus on areas of legitimate scientific uncertainty.

关键词： Earth (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations physical Data and processes