The Nation in Utero： Translating the Science of Fetal Education in Republican China

作     者：Nicole Richardson 

作者机构：Department of History University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA 

出 版 物：《Frontiers of History in China》 (中国历史学前沿（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2012年第7卷第1期

页      面：4-31页

学科分类：01[哲学] 12[管理学] 04[教育学] 06[历史学] 07[理学] 0303[法学-社会学] 1204[管理学-公共管理] 0401[教育学-教育学] 0101[哲学-哲学] 060305[历史学-专门史与整体史] 060207[历史学-专门史] 010108[哲学-科学技术哲学] 120403[管理学-教育经济与管理（可授管理学、教育学学位）] 040101[教育学-教育学原理] 0602[历史学-中国史] 0712[理学-科学技术史(分学科，可授理学、工学、农学、医学学位)] 0603[历史学-世界史] 

基　　金：University of California's Pacific Rim Research Program Mini-grant Pacific Rim Advanced Graduate Research Fellowship Institute of Modern History at Academia Sinica in Taipei 

主　　题：fetal education (taijiao) gynecology fetus Western science,medicine Neo-Confucianism Republican Era 

摘      要：As Chinese nationalists grappled with the political and military weakness of the young Republic of China, some sought to strengthen the Chinese race by advocating a return to the ancient practice of fetal education. Fetal education held that every sight, sound, and flavor that a pregnant mother took in through her senses, as well as her emotions and demeanor, directly affected her fetus. This paper examines how the text Taijiao, Song Jiazhao＇s 1914 Chinese translation of Shimoda Jirr＇s Japanese work Taiky6, presents a modern reformulation of fetal education that draws upon both modern Western science and East Asian medicine. As the text uses modern biology and psychology to explain and demonstrate the efficacy of fetal education, it also narrows the scope of fetal education to focus almost exclusively on the mother＇s psychological state Similarly, as the text turns to instruct women on the practice of fetal education, it draws upon Edo and Qing gynecological principles to emphasise the importance of the pregnant mother＇s emotional self-control. Ultimately this text represents a neo-traditionalist response to modernity as it presents a Neo-Confucian vision of fetal education focused on a pregnant mother＇s moral self-cultivation and emotional self control.