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Investigation of turbulence rotation in the SOL and plasma edge of W7-X for different magnetic configurations

Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第6期22卷 21-31页

作者： a krämer-flecken X HAN M OTTE G ANDA S A BOZHENKOV D DUNAI G FUCHERT J GEIGER O GRULKE E PASCH E R SCOTT E TRIER M VÉCSEI T WINDISCH S ZOLETNIK W7-X Team Institute for Energy-and Climate Research/Plasma Physics Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425 JülichGermany Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik 17491 GreifswaldGermany Wigner Research Centre for Physics 1525 BudapestHungary Max Planck Institut für Plasmaphysik 85748 GarchingGermany 不详

The W7-X stellarator is optimized with respect to neoclassical *** turbulent transport plays an important *** is equipped with an inertial cooled graphite divertor which intersects the island chain at the plasma edge depending on the magnetic *** control coils and the plasma current modify the iota profile at the plasma edge and shift the position of the island *** monitor the effects on the poloidal propagation velocity in the scrape-off layer(SOL)and the plasma edge,an O-mode Poloidal Correlation Reflectometer(PCR)is used which simultaneously monitors the propagation of low-k *** in the density range of 0.6?×?1019 m-3 to2?×?1019 m-3 it covers a large part of the SOL and the plasma edge and allows for the experimental determination in the last closed flux surface(LCFS)and the associated shear layer in low to middensity *** this paper it is shown that the propagation in the shear layer and its vicinity is determined best,when based on an elliptical *** magnetic configurations with magnetic edge topology of five independent islands forι?=?1 and six linked islands forι?=?0.81 are *** the effects of the plasma current and additional control coils on the edge magnetic topology are *** coherence spectra of antenna pairs for different poloidal separations is *** a decomposition method for the measured coherence spectra the characterization of turbulence spectra is possible with respect to *** band turbulence and quasi coherent modes.A strong reduction of the broad band turbulence is observed in the vicinity of the LCFS which is evidence for the suppression of low-k turbulence at the shear layer.

关键词： stellarator correlation reflectometer turbulence rotation scrape-off layer island divertor

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Elimination of mutant SWI/SNF complexes by protein quality control: new opportunities targeting aggressive rhabdoid tumours

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第10期9卷 4151-4153页

作者： Andreas krämer Stefan Knapp Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Goethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str.960438Frankfurt am MainGermany Structural Genomics Consortium Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe-University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str.1560438Frankfurt am MainGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)DTKT Site Frankfurt-Mainz69120HeidelbergGermany

A recent study published in Nature by Radko-Juettner and colleagues reports an unexpected mutant-specific synthetic lethality in which the E3 protein ubiquitin ligase DCAF5 specifically degrades mutant but not wild-type SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes.1 DCAF5 contains a likely druggable WDR domain,providing a new avenue for the development of novel therapeutics for aggressive cancers with SMARCB1 loss of function mutations.

关键词： tumour likely complexes

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Zinc in plants:Integrating homeostasis and biofortification

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Molecular Plant 2022年第1期15卷 65-85页

作者： Camilla Stanton Dale Sanders Ute krämer Dorina Podar John Innes Centre Colney LaneNorwichNR47UHUK Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants Ruhr University Bochum44801 BochumGermany Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Centre for Systems Biology Biodiversity and BioresourcesBabes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

Zinc plays many essential roles in *** a strong Lewis acid that lacks redox activity under environ-mental and cellular conditions,the Zn2+cation is central in determining protein structure and catalytic function of nearly 10%of most eukaryotic *** specific functions of zinc have been elucidated at a molecular level in a number of plant proteins,wider issues abound with respect to the acquisition and distribution of zinc by *** important challenge is to understand how plants balance between Zn supply in soil and their own nutritional requirement for zinc,particularly where edaphic factors lead to a lack of bioavailable zinc or,conversely,an excess of zinc that bears a major risk of *** are the ultimate source of zinc in the human diet,and human Zn deficiency accounts for over 400000 deaths ***,we review the current understanding of zinc homeostasis in plants from the molecular and physiological *** provide an overview of approaches pursued so far in Zn biofortification of ***,we outline a"push-pull"model of zinc nutrition in plants as a simplifying *** summary,this review discusses avenues that can potentially deliver wider bene-fits for both plant and human Zn nutrition.

关键词： zinc biofortification Zn homeostasis cereals Arabidopsis barley wheat rice

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Starving out brain tumors: a reprogrammed lysine catabolism serves as a novel target for glioblastoma treatment

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5136-5138页

作者： Désirée Gül Oliver H.krämer Christoph Reinhardt Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz55131MainzGermany Department of Toxicology University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz55131 MainzGermany Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis(CTH) University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzLangenbeckstrasse 155131 MainzGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-MainUniversity Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz55131 MainzGermany

In their recent study published in Nature,Yuan and colleagues enlighten the role of histone lysine crotonylation(Kcr)in brain tumor *** report a novel lysine-dependent mechanism through which glioblastoma stem cells m... 详细信息

关键词： glioblastoma interferon treatment

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Chemistry-led investigations into the mode of action of NAMPT activators,resulting in the discovery of non-pyridyl class NAMPT activators

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第2期13卷 709-721页

作者： Siyuan Tang Miguel Garzon Sanz Oliver Smith Andreas krämer Daniel Egbase Paul W.Caton Stefan Knapp Sam Butterworth Division of Pharmacy and Optometry School of Health SciencesManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Structural Genomics Consortium(SGC) 60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences(BMLS) 60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Goethe University60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Frankfurt Cancer Institute(FCI) 60596 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Department of Diabetes School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine&SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences&MedicineKing's College LondonLondon SE11ULUK

The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays a key role in a wide range of physiological processes and maintaining or enhancing NAD+levels is an established approach to enhancing healthy ***,several classes of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)activators have been shown to increase NAD+levels in vitro and in vivo and to demonstrate beneficial effects in animal *** best validated of these compounds are structurally related to known urea-type NAMPT inhibitors,however the basis for the switch from inhibitory activity to activation is not well *** we report an evaluation of the structure activity relationships of NAMPT activators by designing,synthesising and testing compounds from other NAMPT ligand chemotypes and mimetics of putative phosphoribosylated adducts of known *** results of these studies led us to hypothesise that these activators act via a through-water interaction in the NAMPT active site,resulting in the design of the first known urea-class NAMPT activator that does not utilise a pyridine-like warhead,which shows similar or greater activity as a NAMPT activator in biochemical and cellular assays relative to known analogues.

关键词： Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase activator Healthy aging Drug discovery Bioisosteres Medicinal chemistry

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Pore characterization of PM Mg–0.6Ca alloy and its degradation behavior under physiological conditions

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第2期9卷 686-703页

作者： Eshwara Phani Shubhakar Nidadavolu Diana krüger Berit Zeller-Plumhoff Domonkos Tolnai Björn Wiese Frank Feyerabend Thomas Ebel Regine Willumeit-Römer Division Metallic Biomaterials Institute of Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Magnesium Innovation Center(MagIC) Institute of Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany

Several material parameters affect degradation characteristics of Mg and its alloys under physiological *** Mg materials are interesting for their simultaneous degradation and drug delivery ***,an increase in pore surface area is detrimental to both degradation resistance and subsequent mechanical *** present work aims at determining the threshold porosity value in Mg–0.6 Ca specimens produced by powder metallurgy(PM)below which low degradation rates persist with acceptable mechanical *** different porous Mg–0.6 Ca specimens containing both closed and open pore structures were fabricated with porosities ranging from 3%to 21%.Degradation profiles were obtained via a semi static immersion test over 16 days under physiological conditions using Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with Glutamax and 10%fetal bovine serum as *** results are related to morphological pore parameters like pore size distribution,pore interconnectivity and pore curvatures that were quantified using an ex situμCT *** general,with decreasing porosity a decrease in pore interconnectivity is seen followed by rounding of the *** degradation rates(MDR<0.3 mm/year)are observed in specimens until 10%porosity,however,the upper bound for reproducible degradation is observed to be in specimens until 12%*** porosity level also marks the transition from closed to open pore nature with a simultaneous change in pore interconnectivity from less than 10%to greater than 95%,below and above this porosity level,*** tensile strength and elongation to failure recorded for specimens with 10%porosity were 70 MPa and 2%,respectively displaying positive traits of both homogenous degradation and mechanical *** results suggest that high pore interconnectivity is the dominant factor controlling degradation and mechanical properties in porous Mg-0.6 Ca *** results also indicate a good sintering respons

关键词： Porous Mg-0.6Ca In vitro Degradation μCT Sintering

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Assessing the microstructure and in vitro degradation behavior of Mg-xGd screw implants using μCT

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第6期9卷 2208-2223页

作者： Diana krüger Berit Zeller-Plumhoff Björn Wiese Sangbong Yi Marcus Zuber D.C.Florian Wieland Julian Moosmann Regine Willumeit-Römer Institute of Metallic Biomaterials Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Institute of Material and Process Design Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHerrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKaiserstr.12KarlsruheGermany Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany

Biodegradable implants are taking an increasingly important role in the area of orthopedic implants with the aim to replace permanent implants for temporary bone healing *** the implant preparation process,the material’s surface and microstructure are being changed by stresses induced by *** degradable metal implants need to be fully characterized in terms of the influence of machining on the resulting microstructure and corrosion *** this study,micro-computed tomography(μCT)is used for the quantification of the degradation rate of biodegradable *** our best knowledge,for the first time quantitative measures are introduced to describe the degradation homogeneity in *** information enables a prediction in terms of implant stability during the degradation in the *** magnesium gadolinium alloys,Mg-5Gd and Mg-10 Gd(all alloy compositions are given in weight%unless otherwise stated),in the shape of M2 headless screws have been investigated for their microstructure and their degradation performance up to 56 *** the microstructure investigations particular attention was paid to the localized deformation of the alloys,due to the machining *** vitro immersion testing was performed to assess the degradation performance quantified by subsequent weight loss and volume loss(usingμCT)*** differences were observed in the degree of screw’s near surface microstructure being influenced from machining,the degradation rates of both materials appeared to be suitable for application in orthopedic *** the degradation homogeneity point of view no obvious contrast was detected between both ***,the higher degradation depth ratios between the crests and roots of Mg-5Gd ratios may indicated a less homogeneous degradation of the screws of these alloys on contract to the ones made of Mg-10Gd *** to its lower degradation rates,its more homogeneous microstructure,its weaker texture

关键词： Magnesium alloys Biodegradable implant Degradation rate Degradation homogeneity Micro-comptued tomography

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《底层表达》介绍

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当代语言学 2014年第4期16卷 494-497页

作者： Martin krmer 于辉南开大学汉语言文化学院

《底层表达》（Underlying Representations）是“音系学中的核心论题”系列丛书之一，2012年由剑桥大学出版社出版发行。该书作者Martinkraimer是挪威特罗姆瑟大学语言学系教授。作者带着大家一起回顾了过去近一百年“底层表达”在音... 详细信息

《底层表达》（Underlying Representations）是“音系学中的核心论题”系列丛书之一，2012年由剑桥大学出版社出版发行。该书作者Martinkraimer是挪威特罗姆瑟大学语言学系教授。作者带着大家一起回顾了过去近一百年“底层表达”在音系学领域的发展，对很多长期存在的音系问题做了思考，并对OT视角的底层表达提出了一些独特的修订意见。

关键词：剑桥大学出版社音系学系列丛书出版发行修订意见语言学作者论题

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X-Ray and Mössbauer Study of Magnetic Black Sand from Mayotte Island

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2016年第4期6卷 191-198页

作者： Saverio Braccini Karl krämer Stephane Chapenoire Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC) Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP) University of Bern Bern Switzerland Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Bern Switzerland Forensic and Criminal Intelligence Agency of the French Gendarmerie (IRCGN) Cergy-Pontoise France Pö le Odontologie et Santé Buccale CHU Bordeaux Bordeaux France ISPED Inserm U897 Bordeaux France

Natural magnetic black sands are known from several sites often located in areas of volcanic origin. Their elemental and mineral composition provides information on the geology of their territory and depends on several factors occurred during their formation. A sample of black sand was collected on the seashore of the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean and its magnetic part was investigated by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and MÖssbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. The mineral composition is dominantly magnetite, in good agreement with samples collected in other sites of volcanic origin. Contrary to pure magnetite, a relevant fraction of Ti was detected by EDS. The 16% Ti and 1% Mn content increase the magnetite lattice parameter to 8.4312 (25) Å. The broadening of XRD lines pointed towards a significant degree of disorder. This was confirmed by MÖssbauer spectroscopy and is attributed to the presence of Ti replacing Fe in the magnetite lattice. The presence of Ti modifies the local magnetic field on the Fe sites, leading to a broader and more complex MÖssbauer transmission spectrum with respect to the one of pure magnetite. To study the effect of temperature, samples were heated for 12 hours to 600°C and 800°C in argon and to 1000°C in air. Annealing in argon did not improve the crystallinity while annealing in air caused a complete decomposition of magnetite into hematite and pseudobrookite.

关键词： Magnetic Black Sand Iron Minerals Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy X-Ray Diffraction Mössbauer Spectroscopy

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Reactions with Aminobenzoic Acids via Diazonium Salts Open New Routes to Bio-Derived Aromatics

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2016年第2期6卷 95-99页

作者： Anthony Farlow Jens Olaf krömer School of Chemical and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Botucatu Brazil Centre for Microbial Electrochemical Systems The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia Advanced Water Management Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

Aromatics have a broad application in our everyday life ranging from plastics, coatings and fibres, to food and pharmaceuticals. To date the bulk of these aromatics is derived from naphtha-based pet-rochemistry. However, recent progress in the fermentative production of metabolites using renew-able resources and engineered microbes has enabled the production of bio-precursors, such as 4-amino benzoic acid (pABA) and 2-amino benzoic acid (oABA). In this work we explored the feasibility of Sandmeyer reactions for the conversion of pABA to terephthalic and oABA salicylic acid, providing two very important platform chemicals for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. We could demonstrate that both acids can be obtained from the amino benzoic acids derived from the shikimate pathway in microbes and plants. Good conversions could be achieved using Sandmeyer reactions at mild conditions with biodegradable reagents and without organic solvents.

关键词： Aminobenzoic Acid Terephthalic Acid Salycilic Acid Sandmeyer Cyanations

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