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Study on the relative radiometric correction of CBERS satellite CCD image

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 12-28页

作者： GUO Jianning, YU Jin, ZENG Yong, XU Jianyan, PAN Zhiqiang & HOU Minghui china Center for resource satellite {3. and application,{5., china china Ctr resource satellite {3. & Applicat Beijing 100830 Peoples R China

The main payload on CBERS-01/02 of china-Brazil Earth resources satellite (CBERS) is a push-broom CCD camera with moderate spatial and radiant resolution. Because at lab the {3. for calibration at satellite assembly stage were unable to be collected, and also because the onboard calibrator after launch was in a different state from imaging, the calibration of CCD image got a series of difficulties involved. In practice, two methods are used in the processing on the ground station: One is extracting calibration {3. by statistics from the image itself, and the other is the method of histogram match. It was proved that the latter can calibrate the image much better, because it can remove the effect of unstable response of the camera largely and also can overcome the nonlinearity of the camera basically by using Look-Up Table (LUT) calculated from histogram statistics of different temporal images. Considering the problems of CBERS-01, a lot of calibration tests were done before the launch of CBERS-02, in which a set of lab coefficients for relative calibration was formulated after the {3. collection by using integration-hemisphere in the stage of satellite assembly test. During the on-orbit test, it was found that the calibration result from such coefficients was not satisfying, especially there being response difference between 3.detector arrays, which was attributed to the unstable dark currents of the CCD camera. This paper comes up with a statistic method to remove such response difference. In this method the middle detector array was used as reference to find the response differences of adjacent similar features between these arrays and it was proved to have a broad adaptability.

关键词： CBERS satellite CCD camera relative radiometric calibration relative radiometric correction assembly test.

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Radiometric cross-calibration of the CBERS-02 CCD camera with the TERRA MODIS

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 44-60页

作者： LI Xiaoying1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, MIN Xiangjun5. YU Tao1,3. FU Qiaoyan5. ZHANG Yong1,2,3.& LI Xiaowen1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and {3. Normal University, {3. 100101, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, {3. 10003., china 3. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, {3. 100101, china 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. china Center for resource {13. data and application, beijing 10083., china 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration 100101 Beijing China 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France 5. china Center for resource {3. data and application 100830 Beijing China

For the application of the CCD camera, the most important payload on CBERS-02, the key is to provide long-term stable radiometric calibration coefficients. Although the vicarious calibration had been proved successful, it had its limitations such as test site requirement and unsuitable for historical data. Cross-calibration is one of the alternative methods, but it needs synchro surface spectrum to achieve spectral band matching factors. Our effort is to probe the influences on these factors. Simulations with a lot of surface spectrum showed that the factors changed with the viewing geometry, atmospheric condition and surface targets. However, simulating with the same viewing geometry and atmospheric condition, the spectral band matching factors of the same or similar surface targets’ spectrum acquired from different dates and different places would like to be consistent to each other within 1%―5.. Thus, the synchro measurement data can be substituted by the same or similar target from other source. Based on this method, using the MODIS as the reference, the cross-calibration was performed for CCD camera. The research demonstrated that the traditional method with single calibration site was inappropriate for CCD camera, since the offsets for its four spectral bands were not zeros. With four calibration sites, these offsets were obtained. And the camera was detected to degrade with dates based on four times of cross-calibrations.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD camera cross-calibration the spectral band matching factors.

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Water target based cross-calibration of CBERS-02 CCD camera with MODIS data

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 61-71页

作者： TANG Junwu1,2, GU Xingfa2, NIU Shengli1, MA Chaofei1 & MIN Xiangjun3.1. National satellite Ocean application Service (NSOAS), beijing 100081,{3. 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, beijing 100010,{3. 3.{3. Center for resource satellite data and applications (CRESDA), beijing 100083.{3. 1. National satellite Ocean application Service (NSOAS) 100081 Beijing China 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science 100010 Beijing China 3. china Center for resource satellite {3. and applications (CRESDA) 100083 Beijing China

In order to make quantitative watercolor sensing with china-Brazil Earth resources satellite (CBERS-02) CCD camera, the MODIS {3. with higher accuracy is used to cross-calibrate the CCD camera over water targets. In homogeneous clear water area, two pairs of images obtained over the same area on the same day by the two sensors are selected. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances of the multispectral bands of CCD are calculated with the water and aerosol parameters from MODIS based on a water-atmosphere radiative transfer algorithm. The stripes in CCD image that caused by unequal response of the CCD array detectors are firstly removed before making the cross-calibration. The same part of CCD detectors is selected for the calibrations in the two images to eliminate the residual error of destriping and uniformity correction for the focus plane irradiance. It is shown that the calibration results from two different images are consistent. The error of this method is about 5..

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD MODIS radiometric calibration cross-calibration. DOI: 10.13.0/05.e1006

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The quantification of remote sensing

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 1-11页

作者： GU Xingfa1,2,3.TIAN Guoliang1,2, LI Xiaowen1,2 & GUO Jianning4 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101,{3. 2. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, beijing 100101,{3. 3. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 4.{3. Center for resource satellite data and application, beijing 10083.,{3. Chinese Acad Sci Inst Remote Sensing Applicat State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China beijing Normal Univ State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Ctr Natl Spaceborne Demonstrat Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Inst Natl Rech Agron F-84914 Avignon France china Ctr resource satellite {3. & Applicat Beijing 100830 Peoples R China

The paper firstly defined the remote sensing information quantification, analyzed the necessity of developing remote sensing quantification, figured out the application guidelines requirement, and pointed out the importance of quantification research. Then taking the remote sensing application research of CBERS-02 data quantification as the example, the paper described the whole quantification system of “remotely sensed digital signal-radiation information-field parameter inversion”. Finally the paper gave the prospect for the development trend of the quantitative remote sensing.

关键词： remote sensing information quantification CBERS-02 radiometric calibration surface parame- ter reversion.

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In flight MTF monitoring and compensation for CCD camera on CBERS-02

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 29-43页

作者： GU Xingfa1,2,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,4, MIN Xiangjun5. YU Tao1,2, SUN Jijuan5. ZENG Yong1,2,4, XU Hua1,2 & GUO Ding2,6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and {3. Normal University, {3. 100101, china 2. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, {3. 100101, china 3. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 4. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, {3. 10003., china 5. china Center for resource {13. data and application, beijing 10083., china 6. University of Electronic Science and Technology of china, Chengdu 61005., china State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University 100101 Beijing China The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration 100101 Beijing China Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnement 84914 Avignon France Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China china Center for resource satellite {3. and application 100830 Beijing China University of Electronic Science and Technology of china 610054 Chengdu China

In this article, the approach of simulating ideal tarp scene was proposed to determine the MTF for CCD camera on CBERS-02. The MTF acquired from this technique was compared to those from some common methods. MTFs achieved from different approaches were employed to compensate the CCD images based on three restoration algorithms: the iterative method, the Wiener filter and the modified inverse filter (MIF). The two-dimensional MTF was established with the value at frequency 0.5.for 45. directional MTF as the value at its four corners. This article addressed the variations of the restored CCD images with different techniques of constructing two-dimensional MTF, restoring algorithms and determining the in-flight MTFs. Results showed images restored with the MTF determined from the technique of simulating ideal tarp scene represent the real scene best. And the restoration technique based on the MIF would produce better restored images than the other two techniques. This research also demonstrated that the two-dimensional MTF used for restoration should be interpolated under the control of the MTF for 45. axis, rather than by multiplying the cross-orbit MTF with along-orbit MTF.

关键词： CBERS-02 CCD MTF the technique of simulating ideal tarp scene.

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Comparison of the influence factors on NDVI for CCD camera and WFI imager on CBERS-02

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 100-115页

作者： YU Tao1,3. LI Xiaoying1,2,3. ZHANG Yong1,2,3. ZHAO Feng1,2,3. GU Xingfa1,3.4, ZHU Li1,2,3. WANG Pengxin5.& MIN Xiangjun6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing application, CAS, Bei- jing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, {3. 10003., china 3. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, {3. 100101, china 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering, china Agricultural University, {3. 100083. china 6. china Center for resource {13. data and application, beijing 10083., china 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Application CAS 100101 Beijing China 2. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration 100101 Beijing China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Climat Sol Environnent 84914 Avignon France 5. College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University 100083 Beijing China 6. china Center for resource satellite {3. and application 100830 Beijing China

CCD and WFI are payloads in the visible light and near infrared bands on CBERS satellites and they have not been applied widely, especially WFI. This article mainly probes into the potential of these two sensors’ application in the vegetation monitoring and analyses the influences of radiometric calibration, atmosphere conditions and sun-observing geometry, etc. on NDVI obtained from these two sensors respectively. In addition it analyses the effect of the spectral response difference of red and near infrared spectral bands in CCD and WFI sensors on NDVI. Results indicate that radiometric calibration is the most important factor on NDVI, which cannot be applied to vegetation monitoring without radiometric calibration. Results also demonstrate that near surface NDVI is different greatly from that of TOA which change with atmosphere conditions. The study shows that NDVI is also affected by the non-lambertian character of surface and the change of the atmospheric path with the observing geometry. And NDVI of WFI is higher than that of CCD. They are very different because of their spectral difference, but they have a good linear relevant relationship.

关键词： CCD WFI NDVI LAI.

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Study of thin cloud removal method for CBERS-02 image

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 91-99页

作者： MA Jianwen1, GU Xingfa1, FENG Chun2 & GUO Jianning2 1. Institute of Remote Sensing application, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. china Center for resource {5. data and applications, beijing 100073. china 1. Institute of Remote Sensing application Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. china Center for resource satellite {3. and applications 100073 Beijing China

The china Brazil Earth resources satellite (CBERS) ended the dependence on foreign satellites. Along with the series of CBERS and the enhancement of satellite {5.s, it is necessary to search correlative data processing methods. Because cloud appears in the atmosphere, an image with clear sky conditions is often hard to obtain. How to remove cloud is an important sector of increasing image quality. An improved homomorphism filtering method is adopted to remove thin cloud qualitatively at first, and all bands are selected to classify pixels. Based on the fact that visible band images contain more aerosol effects than infrared bands, visible bands are used to determine clear or hazy regions and the reflectances of different surface classes in clear regions are calculated. At last the mean reflectance of the same classes in clear and hazy regions is matched to remove cloud. The image visual effect is improved; meanwhile, the ground reflectance is retrieved to meet the needs of remote sensing quantification.

关键词： CBERS-02 cloud removal surface reflectance mean reflectance matching.

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4D and application of land reclamation in mining area

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 49-52页

作者： XIE Hong-quan~(1,2 ), HU Zhen-qi~1, JING Hai-tao~3. GAO Yong-jiu~(4), CHEN Qiu-ji~(5., FENG Zhong-ke~(6) (1. china University of Mining and Technology(beijing Campus), beijing 100083. china 2. Hebei Polytechnic University, Tangshan 063.09, china 3. Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221009, china 4. Tangshan Branch, china Coal Research Institute, Tangshan 063.12, china 5. Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 45.000, china 6. beijing Forestry University, beijing 100083. china) china Univ Min & Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Hebei Polytech Univ Tangshan 063009 Peoples R China Xuzhou Normal Univ Xuzhou 221009 Peoples R China china COal Res Inst Tangshan Branch Tangshan 063012 Peoples R China Henen Polytech Univ Jiaozuo 454000 Peoples R China beijing Forestry Univ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

4D products are basic mode of digitized products that are made by combining model remote sensing with GIS technology, and have already brought everybody’s high recognition. Coal mining makes great destroy to land of coal mining area, and ecological environment becomes worse, therefore land reclamation of mining area has already turned into investigated emphases. 4D meaning is briefly introduced, and its six characteristics are expounded in this paper. Production technique and application status of 4D are summarized, and existed problems are analyzed in developed aspect. Land reclamation of mining area is a complex system engineering, and application of 4D products can be impenetrated in whole process. Otherwise 4D has broad application scope in land management of mining area and mine information construction. Compound of remote sensing and DTM can be apply to solve mine survey, monitor of surface and marginal slope and so on.

关键词： 4D produce land reclamation remote sensing image data resource

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The secretion of lecithinase of Pseudomonas alcaligenes S2 was via type II secretion pathway

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Science Bulletin 2005年第16期 61-66页

作者： Lü Jing1, LI Fan1, CHEN Sanfeng1,2 & LI Jilun1,3.1. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, china Agricultural Uni-versity, beijing 100094, china 2. Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial {3. and application in Agri-culture Ministry, china Agricultural University, beijing 100094, china 3. College of Biological Sciences, china Agricultural University, beijing 100094, china

Strain S2 is a lecithin (or phosphatidylcholine)- solubilizing bacterium, which was isolated from the rice rhizosphere in rural areas of beijing, china. On the basis of a polyphasic study involving phenotypic tests, physiological and biochemical tests, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, G+C content determination and DNA-DNA hybridizations analy-sis, strain S2 was identified as Pseudomonas alcaligenes. P. alcaligenes S2 was mutagenized with Tn5.and four mutants showing decreased or increased solubilizing ability of lecithin were isolated based on the halo size around colonies on the solid plate supplemented with egg yolk. To characterize the genes of P. alcaligenes S2 involved in solubilization of lecithin, the EcoR I fragments of the chromosomes from the four mutant strains carrying a single transposon were cloned, and the DNA sequences flanking the Tn5.were determined. The Tn5.insertion sites in the mutants M808, M13.9 and M1400, showing decreased solubilizing ability of lecithin, were found to be located in the xcpS, xcpX and xcpW , respectively, whose products XcpS, XcpX and XcpW were the components of type II secretion pathway. Complementation of xcpS, xcpX and xcpW could restore the corresponding mutants M808, M13.9 and M1400 to solubilize lecithin. The data suggested that mutation in one of these xcp genes would lead to the absence of mature lecithinase secretion into the extracellular medium. The data also indicated that the secretion of leci-thin-hydrolyzing enzyme of P. alcaligenes was via type II secretion pathway. In the mutant M20 showing increasing lecithin-hydrolyzing activity, the interrupted gene showed 86% identity with chpA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, whose product plays an important role in controlling twitch-ing motility of the bacterial cells.

关键词： Pseudomonas alcaligenes mutants lecithin solubilization Tn5.

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Estimation of forest volumes by integrating Landsat TM imagery and forest inventory data

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第z1期49卷 54-62页

作者： GU Huiyan, DAI Limin, WU Gang, XU Dong, WANG Shunzhong &WANG Hui Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, china School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 15.040, china State Key Lab of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {3. 100085. china Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, {3. 10003., china 1. Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China 2. School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China 3. State Key Lab of Systems Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 4. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Accurate information about forest volumes is essential for forest management planning. The survey interval of the Forest resource Inventory of china (FRIC) is too long to meet the demand for timely decision-making required for forest protection, management, and utilization. Analysis of satellite imagery provides good potential for more frequent reporting of forest parameters. In this study, we describe an {3. of the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) method to Landsat TM imagery for improving estimation of forest volumes. Several spectral features were tested and compared in forest volume estimations, including normalized difference vegetation index, environmental vegetation index, and the combination of the spectral features. The combined index resulted in the most accurate volume estimations. The kNN estimator and the combined index were then used in forest volume estimation. The estimation error (RMSE) of the total volume was44.2%, much lower than those for Larix forest (the RMSE was 5..7%) and those for the Korean pine and broadleaved forests (the estimation errors were over 71.7% and 88.19%,respectively). This preliminary study demonstrates the potential of forest volume estimations with remote sensing data to provide useful information for forest management if only limited ground information is available.

关键词： forest inventory, landsat TM, k-nearest neighbors, spectral extraction.

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