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Control of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations by 2050: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries

science China Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2, GE QuanSheng3.& ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100864, China 3.Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural{3. Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4.the lanzhou branch of the national science library, the scientific information center for resources and environment, lanzhou 73.000, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100864 China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best conception of the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2005, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2006―2050), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2050, actual emissions from 1900 to 2005, emissions levels in 2005, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2005―all countries and regions whose population was more than 3.0000 in 2005 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2005 had already expended their 2050 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (20 dollars per ton of CO2). Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2006 to 2050 would still be much higher than those of developing coun

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

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On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and some related issues

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science China Earth sciences 2010年第12期53卷 159-172页

作者： DING ZhongLi1,DUAN XiaoNan2,GE QuanSheng3.& ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 CAS Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100864,China 3.Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China 4.the lanzhou branch of the national science library,scientific information center for resources and environment of CAS,lanzhou {13.,China 1. CAS Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China2. The General Office of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100864 China3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China4. The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment of CAS Lanzhou 730000 China

We evaluated and ran simulations for seven proposals for the reduction of global CO2 emissions (e.g.,those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),United Nations Development Program,and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).All the proposals ignored the fact that the cumulative CO2 emissions per capita for developed countries were 7.54 times those for developing countries in the historical period of *** proposals further deliberately allocate 2006-2050 emission quotas to developed countries that are 2.3.6.7 times those to developing *** will seriously violate the development rights of developing *** paper clearly states that proposals such as that of the IPCC are not suitable references for future international climate change negotiations as they violate the fundamentals of fairness and equity in international relationships and the UNFCCC principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities".Comparing estimates of emissions in China in the scenario of rapid development with low-CO2-emission technology in the period 2006-2050 with estimates for other countries and groups,we find that China can logically and morally argue for equivalent emission rights even in the case of the strict CO2 concentration target of 450-470 ppmv.

关键词： CO2 emission reduction cumulative CO2 emission per capita emission rights

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Advancement of scientific Knowledge Output Management in Chinese Academy of sciences Based on Institutional Repositories Network

Advancement of Scientific Knowledge Output Management in Chi...

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2010 3.d IEEE International Conference on Computer science and information Technology—ICCSIT 2010

作者： Jianxia Ma Zhongming Zhu Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of sciences lanzhou China Linong Lu Wei Liu Denglu Wu The lanzhou branch of the national science library CAS scientific information center for resources and environment CAS lanzhou China

This paper describes the design and implementation of scientific knowledge output management based on institutional repository in Chinese Academy of *** aim,general function of institutional repository,plan,policy and sustainable supporting mechanism of scientific knowledge output management,the development of federated institutional repositories network based on OAI-harvester and the redesign of the scientific knowledge output system,driven by scientific workflow,integrated with organization,management,publication,reuse of compound digital object are introduced.

关键词： scientific knowledge output management institutional repositoty scientific workflow compound digital object

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On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and some related issues

On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and som...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学术年会

作者： DING ZhongLi~(1*),DUAN XiaoNan~2,GE QuanSheng~3.& ZHANG ZhiQiang~4 1 CAS Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100029, China 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100864,China 3.Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,China 4.the lanzhou branch of the national science library,scientific information center for resources and environment of CAS,lanzhou {13., China

We evaluated and ran simulations for seven proposals for the reduction of global CO emissions(e.g.,those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),United Nations Development Program,and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).All the proposals ignored the fact that the cumulative CO emissions per capita for developed countries were 7.54 times those for developing countries in the historical period of *** proposals further deliberately allocate 2006-2050 emission quotas to developed countries that are 2.3.6.7 times those to developing *** will seriously violate the development rights of developing *** paper clearly states that proposals such as that of the IPCC are not suitable references for future international climate change negotiations as they violate the fundamentals of fairness and equity in international relationships and the UNFCCC principle of"common but differentiated responsibilities".Comparing estimates of emissions in China in the scenario of rapid development with low-CO-emission technology in the period 2006-2050 with estimates for other countries and groups,we find that China can logically and morally argue for equivalent emission rights even in the case of the strict CO concentration target of 450-470 ppmv.

关键词： CO2 emission reduction cumulative CO2 emission per capita emission rights

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Application of long-range correlation and multi-fractal analysis for the depiction of drought risk

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第1期25卷 831-837页

作者：侯威颜鹏程李淑萍涂刚胡经国 national Climate center Beijing 100081China College of Atmospheric sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Jilin Meteorological science Institute Changchun 130062China Department of Physics Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002China

By using the multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis method, we analyze the nonlinear property of drought in southwestern China. The results indicate that the occurrence of drought in southwestern China is multi-fractal and long- range correlated, and these properties are indifferent to timescales. A power-law decay distribution well describes the return interval of drought events and the auto-correlation. Furthermore, a drought risk exponent based on the multi-fractal property and the long-range correlation is presented. This risk exponent can give useful information about whether the drought may or may not occur in future, and provide a guidance function for preventing disasters and reducing damage.

关键词： multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis return intervals drought risk

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我国石油安全与天然气开发利用问题研究

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天然气地球科学 2003年第2期14卷 148-156页

作者：史斗郑军卫中国科学院资源环境科学信息中心甘肃兰州730000

石油安全是能源安全的核心和集中表现。从全球来看 ,2 0世纪末以来特别是“9.1 1事件”以后 ,发达国家不断调整自己的石油安全战略 ,包括实行石油供应的“多源化”、补足和增加石油战略储备量、扩大国内石油储量利用份额、建立新的境外... 详细信息

石油安全是能源安全的核心和集中表现。从全球来看 ,2 0世纪末以来特别是“9.1 1事件”以后 ,发达国家不断调整自己的石油安全战略 ,包括实行石油供应的“多源化”、补足和增加石油战略储备量、扩大国内石油储量利用份额、建立新的境外石油资源基地、推行节油和限油政策等。发达国家的石油安全战略及措施对我国有 5方面启示 :1我国从中东进口石油应注意国际政治、军事、外交和运输等因素的制约 ;2我国应着眼于北方近邻俄罗斯的油气资源并与其建立石油伙伴关系 ;3.国应提升石油资源转换率、储量置换率和石油的供给率 ;4我国应建立国家的石油战略储备体系 ;5我国应进一步节约用油、以气代油。同时 ,还应充分注意发达国家的石油安全战略对我国造成的威胁。较石油而言 ,我国天然气资源开发潜力较大、生命期较长。近年来。中国天然气工业发展迅速、天然气需求总量增长很快、有利于我国开发利用天然气的国际经济环境良好。在代替石油或者部分代替石油。

关键词：石油安全天然气开发中国能源安全石油战略储备量油气资源

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information resources reorganization and sharing platform of national{3.＆technical document service in China

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China Standardization 2011年第1期56卷 54-57页

作者： Pan Wei,Yu Hao,LiJing Min Su the national library of Standards(NLS), network technology and program development in the IT center of library of China Agriculture University. information management in the NLS of CNIS. information services in NLS of CNIS.

Reorganization of network information resources for scientific and technical （scitech for abbreviation） documents and development of information infrastructure have brought a great change in China＇s scitech documentation information sharing. It integrated not only information resources, but also systems, technologies and funds. High quality services and effective resources sharing are the main goals of the platform construction. The paper describes briefly the principles and aims of the integration of the scitech information resources and networks. The services of the sharing platforms have been also introduced.

关键词： network information resources information reorganization information services science and technologydocuments sharing platform

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Modeling Sediment Yields in A Small Gully of the Sichuan Hilly Basin Using Geowepp Model

Modeling Sediment Yields in A Small Gully of the Sichuan Hil...

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2012 national Conference on information Technology and Computer science

作者： Zheng Jinjun School of resources and environment University of Electronic science and Technology of China Chengdu,China,61173. Hong Chao School of resources and environment University of Electronic science and Technology of China Chengdu,China,61173.

The spatial pattern of soil erosion and deposition on catchment scale are predicted by the GeoWEPP model in a small catchment of the Sichuan Hilly *** estimated sediment delivery per unit area and sediment delivery ratio are 2760 t km2 yr-1 and 0.485,*** with the results derived by the second soil erosion survey based on remote sensing,the results by the GeoWEPP model are *** to the spatial pattern of sediments simulated by the GeoWEPP,the slight soil erosion rates for the wood land and patter show that the woodland have good soil and water conservation benefit than cultivated *** the same time,the GeoWEPP are useful tool to establish effective policy for comprehensive treatment of small catchment in view of the soil erosion and deposition could be estimated on time-scale and spatial-scale by the GeoWEPP.

关键词： component The GeoWEPP model model simulation soil redistribution the Sichuan Hilly Basin

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Exploring the Spatial Distribution of the Peasant Family Garden Based on the GIS in Xindu District,Chengdu City

Exploring the Spatial Distribution of the Peasant Family Gar...

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2012 national Conference on information Technology and Computer science

Due to the increasing of the population and development of industry economy,many Peasant Family Gardens have been flocking to the Sichuan Basin and shows messy distribution pattern on spatial *** the present paper,total of 187 Peasant Family Gardens in the Xindu District,Chengdu City,are selected as the focus of the *** Spatial Analysis and Geo-statistical Analysis of the ArcGIS software are used to analyze the distribution regularity of the Peasant Family Garden,and then to explore the contributory factors leading to the messy distribution *** results show that the spatial distribution pattern of Peasant Family Garden belongs to *** are five cluster zones of the Peasant Family Garden in Xindu *** spatial distribution of the Peasant Family Gardens is relatively dense with the buffer distance from 2 to 6km.

关键词： component the Peasant Family Garden,Spatial analysis,Geo-statistical analysis,the Xindu District

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The genetic load for hereditary hearing impairment in Chinese population and its clinical implication

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Journal of Otology 2009年第2期4卷 98-105页

作者： WANG Qiu-ju 1,2, RAO Shao-qi 1, 3. GUO Yu-fen 4, LI Qing-zhong 5, ZHAO Hui 1, ZHAO Li-dong 1, YUAN Hu 1, ZONG Liang 1, LIU Qiong 1, ZHAO Ya-li 6, WANG Da-yong 1, HAN Ming-kun 1, JI Yu-bin 1, LI Jian-qiang 1, LAN Lan 1, YANG Wei-yan 1, SHEN Yan 2,6, HAN Dong-yi 1 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853.China 2 Chinese national Human Genome center, Beijing, 100176 China 3.Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China 4 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of lanzhou University, lanzhou 73.03., China 5 Department of Otolaryngology, EYE & ENT hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 20003.,China 6 Institute of Basic Medical sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005 China Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Institute of Otolaryngology Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Chinese national Human Genome center Beijing 100176 China Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat–Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Second Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730030 China Department of Otolaryngology EYE & ENT hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 200031China Institute of Basic Medical sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100005 China

Objective To understand the genetic load in the Chinese population for improvement in diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation of deafness. Methods DNA samples, immortalized cell lines as well as detailed clinical and audiometric data were collected through a national genetic resources collecting network. Two conventional genetic approaches were used in the studies. Linkage analysis in X chromosome and autosomes with microsatellite markers were performed in large families for gene mapping and positional cloning of novel genes. Candidate gene approach was used for screening the mtDNA 12SrRNA, GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutations in population -based samples. Results A total of 2,572 Chinese hearing loss families or sporadic cases were characterized in the reported studies, including seven X-linked, one Y-linked, 28 large and multiplex autosomal dominant hearing loss families, 607 simplex autosomal recessive hereditary hearing loss families, 100 mitochondrial inheritance families, 147 GJB2 induced hearing loss cases, 23. cases with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) syndrome, 169 sporadic cases with auditory neuropathy, and 1,283.sporadic sensorineural hearing loss cases. Through linkage analysis or sequence analysis, two X-linked families were found transmitting two novel mutations in the POU3.4 gene, while another X -linked family was mapped onto a novel locus, nominated as AUNX1 (auditory neuropathy, X-linked locus 1). The only Y-linked family was mapped onto the DFNY1 locus(Y-linked locus 1, DFNY1). Eight of the 28 autosomal dominant families were linked to various autosomal loci. In population genetics studies, 2,567 familial cases and sporadic patients were subjected to mutation screening for three common hearing loss genes: mtDNA 12S rRNA 1555G, GJB2 and SLC26A4. The auditory neuropathy cases in our samples were screened for OTOF gene mutations. Conclusions These data show that the Chinese population has a genetic load on hereditary hearing loss. Establishing personalize

关键词： Hereditary hea ring loss linkage analysis DFNY1 AUNX1 auditory neuropathy enlarged vestibular aqueduct senserineural hearing loss genetic epidemiology

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