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Dynamic calculation model and seismic response for frame supporting structure with prestressed anchors

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第7期53卷 1957-1966页

作者： DONG JianHua1’2. ZHU YanPeng1, ZHOU Yong1 & MA Wei2.1 College of Civil engineering, lanzhou University of Technology, lanzhou 730050, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil engineering, cold and arid {4. environmental and engineering research Institute, chinese academy of sciences,{14., China 1. College of Civil engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou 730050 China2. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

A dynamic calculation model of frame supporting structures with prestressed anchors for the slope stability is proposed. The frame and soil are closely contacted in the role of prestressed anchors and they cannot be separated along the whole slope. The lateral displacement of frame and soil is nearly in phase. The movement characteristic satisfies the theory of elastic foundation beam. The frame is treated with elastic foundation beam in this model. The influence of prestressed anchors is simplified as linear spring and damped system related with velocity. Under the condition of horizontal earthquake excitation, the equation of vibration response is established by using the model of dynamic Winkler beam and the analytical solutions are obtained for simple harmonic vibration. This method is applied to a case record for illustration of its capability, in order to verify the method, 3D nonlinear FEM (ADINA) is used to analyze the seismic performance of this case, the comparative results show that the design and the analysis are safe and credible by using the proposed method. The calculation model provides a new way for earthquake analysis and seismic design of slope stability supported by frame structure with prestressed anchors.

关键词： frame supporting structure with prestressed anchor slope dynamic calculation model seismic performance seismic design

Effect of climatic change on snowmelt runoffs in mountainous regions of inland rivers in Northwestern China

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第8期49卷 881-888页

作者： WANG Jian1 & LI Shuo2.1. cold and arid {2. {4. and engineering research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, China 2. College of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 2.0097, China 1. cold and arid {2. environmental and {4. research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. College of Geography Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210097 China

Climatic change has significant impacts on snow cover in mid-latitude mountainous re- gions, in the meantime, spatial and temporal changes of snow cover and snowmelt runoffs are con- sidered as sensitive indicators for climatic change. In this study, the upper Heihe Watershed in the Qilian Mountains was selected as a typical area affected by snow cover and snowmelt runoffs in northwestern China. The changes in air temperatures, precipitation, snowfall and spring snowmelt runoffs were analyzed for the period from 1956 to 2.01. The results indicate that climatic warming was apparent, particularly in January and February, but precipitation just fluctuated without a clear trend. The possible changes of snowmelt runoffs in the upper Heihe watershed in response to a warming of 4. were simulated using Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) based on the degree-day factor algorithm. The results of the simulation indicate that a forward shifting of snow melting season, an increase in water flows in earlier melting season, and a decline in flows in later melting season would occur under a 4. warming scenario.

关键词： climatic changes, snowmelt runoff, SRM model, upper Heihe Watershed, simulating.

Decrease trend of dust event frequency over the past 2.0 years recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第24期50卷 2866-2871页

作者： WANG Ninglian Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, cold and arid {2. environmental and {4. research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73000, China Institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and And Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 73000 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

By analyses of the dust layers in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was found that dirty ratio in this core might be a good proxy for dust event frequency. The variations in the dirty ratio displayed a de- crease trend over the past 2.0 years, which implies that dust events became less frequent during the study period. The decrease trend in the variations in dust event frequency might be caused mostly by the natural processes, including increasing precipitation and weakening westerly which might be related with global warming. Furthermore, significant negative correlation was found between the dirty ratio and δ 18O in the Malan ice core. This is highly important for studying the effect of atmospheric dust on climate change.

关键词：青藏高原马伦冰核气候变化扬尘事件发生频率

Review of several problems on the study of eco-hydrological processes in arid zones

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chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第5期47卷 353-360页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi & CHENG Guodongcold and arid {2. environmental and {4. research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil {4., chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, China cold and arid {2. environmental and {4. research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Ecosystem degradation is a common and cardinal environmental problem in arid zones. The change in the eco-hydrological processes is the basic cause responsible for such a problem. The study on the eco-hydrological processes in arid zones has become a forefront and focus of the eco-environmental {4.. Recent studies on eco-hydrological processes in arid zones show that the primary vegetation pattern and its eco-hydrological effect are of the most stable state of the ecosystem in arid zones. Special water absorption ways of plants in arid zones and the hydraulic lift and reverse hydraulic lift functions of some plants are the key mechanisms to maintain the stability of the ecosystem in arid zones. In the case of water shortage, ensuring ecological water requirement and maintaining proper ecological ground- water table are the prerequisite to keep healthful operation of the ecosystem in arid zones. The paper reviews some advances in the study of eco-hydrological processes in arid zones. It puts

关键词： arid zone vegetation pattern eco-hydrological effect hydraulic lift plant water source ecological water requirement.

Impacts of permafrost changes on alpine ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1156-1169页

作者： WANG Genxu1,3 , LI Yuanshou2., WU Qingbai2.& WANG Yibo3 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Chengdu 61004., China 2. {4. and {2. regions environmental and engineering {4. Institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, China 3. Resource and Environment School, lanzhou University, lanzhou 73.000, China 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China 3. Resource and Environment School Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. cold and arid {2. {4. and engineering research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Alpine cold ecosystem with permafrost environment is quite sensitive to climatic changes and the changes in permafrost can significantly affect the alpine ecosystem. The vegetation coverage, grassland biomass and soil nutrient and texture are selected to indicate the regime of alpine cold ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The interactions between alpine ecosystem and permafrost were investigated with the depth of active layer, permafrost thickness and mean annual ground temperature (MAGTs). Based on the statistics model of GPTR for MAGTs and annual air temperatures, an analysis method was developed to analyze the impacts of permafrost changes on the alpine ecosystems. Under the climate change and human {2. activities, the permafrost change and its impacts on alpine ecosystems in the permafrost region between the Kunlun Mountains and the Tanggula Range of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied in this paper. The results showed that the per- mafrost changes have a different influence on different alpine ecosystems. With the increase in the thickness of active layer, the vegetation cover and biomass of the alpine cold meadow exhibit a significant conic reduction, the soil organic matter content of the alpine cold meadow ecosystem shows an exponential decrease, and the surface soil materials become coarse and gravelly. The alpine cold steppe ecosystem, however, seems to have a relatively weak relation to the permafrost environment. Those relationships resulted in the fact that the distribution area of alpine cold meadow decreased by 7.98% and alpine cold swamp decreased by 2..11% under the permafrost environment degradation during recent 15 years. In the future 50 years the alpine cold meadow ecosystems in different geomorphologic units may have different responses to the changes of the permafrost under different climate warming conditions, among them the alpine cold meadow and swamp ecosystem located in the low mountain and plateau area will have a relatively

关键词： permafrost environment, alpine cold ecosystem, statistics relationship, climate change, impacts, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to climate change ——A case study in Gurbantunggut Desert

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第12期45卷 1137-1142页

作者： WEI WenshouXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences, Urumqi 830011, China Open Laboratory of Ice-Core, cold and {2. regions {4. and engineering {4. Institute, chinese academy ofsciences, lanzhou 73.000, China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Open Laboratory of Ice-Core Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

The research on the respondence and feedback of modern sand deserts to the climate change is an important component part in the studies on the global climate change. Deserts respond to the climate change, meanwhile, they affect the climate with their feedback of peculiar environment during the respondence. Many researches on desert climate have been carried out at home and abroad. However, there is little research on the respondence and feedback of modern fixed, semi-fixed and mobile deserts in arid areas to the climate change, in which the factor analysis as well as the parameter changing effects is especially the difficult problem all along. In this note, the parameters of the respondence and feedback of Gurbantunggut Desert to the climate change are measured and analyzed, some variable parameters of water-heat exchange are obtained, and a numerical model of desertification is developed according to a series of climate change of about 4. years and the variable relations of meteorological and physical

关键词： Gurbantunggut Desert climate change respondence and feedback numerical model.

Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第4期48卷 521-529页

作者： LIU Xiaohong1,2. QIN Dahe1, SHAO Xuemei , CHEN Tuo1 & REN Jiawen12.1. cold and arid {2. environmental and engineering research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, China 2. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 1. cold and arid {2. environmental and {4. research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou China 2. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

Based on the cross-dated tree-ring samples collected from the middle Qilian Moun- tain, a standard ring-width chronology had been developed, which covered the period AD 1000 to 2.00. The correlations between the chronology and climatic records from the nearby meteorological stations indicated that temperature was the dominant climatic factor for tree growth at upper timberline, and the most important climatic factor for the tree growth in the area was the mean temperature from previous December to current April. The temperature variations recovered from the ring-width data showed a cold period during the “Little Ice Age” and the con- tinuous warming during the twentieth century. Comparison between the ring-width chronology and δ18O records from the Dunde ice core in the Qilian Mountain indicated that there was a con- sistent trend in both time series. A significant correlation existed between our ring-width chro- nology and the Northern Hemispheric temperature, suggesting that the climate changes in the Qilian Mountain were not only driven by regional factors, but also responsive to the global cli- mate.

关键词： middle Qilian Mountain, tree-ring width chronology, temperature variations.

Impact of land-use change on hydrological processes in the Maying River basin, China

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1098-1110页

作者： WANG Genxu1,3, ZHANG Yu2. LIU Guimin2.& CHEN Lin3 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Chengdu 61004., China 2. {4. and {2. regions environmental and engineering {4. Institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, China 3. Resource and Environment School, lanzhou University, lanzhou 73.000, China 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China 3. Resource and Environment School Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. cold and arid {2. {4. and engineering research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Since the 1960s, dramatic changes have taken place in land-use patterns characterized by the persistent expansion of cultivated land and a continuous decrease in natural woodland and grassland in the arid inland river basins of China. It is very important to assess the effects of such land-use changes on the hydrological processes so vital for water resource management and sustainable development on the catchment scale. The Maying River catchment, a typical arid inland watershed located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor in northwest China, was the site chosen to investigate the hydrological responses to land-use changes. The annual runoff, base flow, maximum peak flow, and typical seasonal runoff in both spring and autumn flood periods were selected as the variables in the hydrological processes. Statistical-trend analysis and curvilinear regression were utilized to detect the trends in hydrological variables while eliminating the climatic influence. The relationship between cultivated land-use and hydrological variables was analyzed based on four periods of land-use variation data collected since 1965. A runoff model was established composed of two factors, i.e., cultivated land use and precipitation. The impact of land use changes, especially in the large ar- eas of upstream woodland and grassland turned into cultivated lands since 1967, has resulted in a mean annual runoff decrease of 2..12., a base flow decline of 35.32., a drop in the maximum peak discharge of 35.77%, and mean discharge decreases in spring and autumn of 36.05% and 2..87% respectively, of which the contribution of cultivated land expansion to the influence of annual runoff amounts to 77%-80%, with the contribution to the influence of spring discharge being 73%-81%, and that to the influence of base flow reaching 62.-65%. Thus, a rational regulation policy of land use patterns is vitally important to the sustainable use of water resources and the proper development of the entire catchment.

关键词： land-use change, arid inland river catchment, hydrological process, impact, Maying River.

Water transfer characteristics during methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes inside saturated sand

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010年第1期19卷 71-76页

作者： Peng Zhang, Qingbai Wu, Yibin Pu, Guanli Jiang, Jing Zhan, Yingmei Wang State Key Laboratory, cold and arid {2. environmental and {4. research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, Gansu, China [a] State Key Laboratory Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 Gansu China

Gas hydrates formation and dissociation processes inside porous media are always accompanied by water transfer behavior, which is similar to the water behavior of ice freezing and thawing processes. These processes have been studied by many researchers, but all the studies are so far on the water transfer characteristics outside porous media and the water transfer characteristics inside porous media have been little known. In this study, in order to study the water transfer characteristics inside porous media during methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes, a novel apparatus with three pF-meter sensors which can detect water content changes inside porous media was applied. It was experimentally observed that methane hydrate formation processes were accompanied by water transfer from bottom to top inside porous media, however, the water behavior during hydrate dissociation processes was abnormal, for which more studies are needed to find out the real reason in our future work.

关键词： methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes: water transfer inside porous media saturated