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A possible Younger Dryas-type event during Asian monsoonal Termination 3

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 982-990页

作者： CHEN Shitao1, WANG Yongjin1, KONG Xinggong1, LIU Dianbing1, CHENG Hai2 & R.L. Edwards2 1. College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal university, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Nanjing 210097, China 2. department of geology and geophysics, {4., Minneapolis mn5.45., usa 1. College of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction Nanjing 210097 China 2. department of geology and geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Seven U-Th dates, 560 δ 18O data and microscopic sequences were measured for sta- lagmites from two high-altitude caves in Shennongjia area, Hubei Province. Variations of the de- cadal-resolution stalagmite δ 18O record from Swan Cave (1600 m elevation) reflect large spatial changes in circulation strength and precipitation of Asian monsoon. The evidence comes from a great similarity among the stalagmite δ 18O records from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province; Libo, Guizhou Province and here studied area during the last deglaciation, including a part interval of Younger-Dryas event and Bolling-Allerod. A 30-year-resolution stalagmite δ 18O record from Yongxing Cave (14.0 m eleva- tion), 70 km away from Swan Cave, reveals a rapid transition of Asian monsoon climate during Ter- mination 3 at about 24.±5 kaBP. Based on 3 U-Th dates and about 5000 continuous annual bands, a millennial dry episode has been observed during Asian monsoonal Termination 3 from the Yongxing δ 18O profile. With respect to its structure, duration and transition, the dry reversal, as indicated by our stalagmite δ 18O record, generally agrees with the pattern of the YD event well-expressed in the Chi- nese stalagmite δ 18O records. This YD-type event is characterized by a large decrease in δ 18O value as much as 2.30‰, more than half of the δ 18O excursion between glacial/interglacial periods, and lasts 1371±59 a determined by the annual counting chronology. After this event, the monsoon climate shifted abruptly into the interglacial period within 74.4.a. Our data corroborate the view that the re- peated occurrence of YD-type event was not an “accident”, possibly resulted from the coupling of ice-sheet and oceanic/atmospheric circulations.

关键词： stalagmite, Termination 3, Asian monsoon, YD-type event, Shennongjia, Hubei Province.

High resolution stalagmite δ18O records over the past 1000 years from Dongge Cave in Guizhou

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Science Bulletin 2005年第10期50卷 1003-1008页

作者： HE Yaoqi1, WANG Yongjin1, KONG Xinggong1 & CHENG Hai2 1. College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal university, Nanjing 210097, China 2. department of geology and geophysics, {4. university, Mineapolis mn 5.455, usa College of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210097 China

Based on MC-ICP-MS U-series dating and stable O-isotope analysis results, a 4.5 years resolution monsoon record over the past 1000 years has been estab- lished for two stalagmites from Dongge Cave, Guizhou. The high resolution oxygen isotope record serves as a proxy for variations in rainfall of Asian southwest monsoon over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. A close relation of the δ 18O record with the ?14. record from tree rings largely reflects impact of centennial-scale solar activity on the monsoon climate changes. The conspicuous decrease in the δ 18O value at AD 1720 indicates an abrupt increase in monsoon rainfall, sug- gesting that an atmospheric-oceanic couple over the tropical Indian Ocean plays an important role in rapid increase of the Northern Hemisphere temperature over the last century.

关键词： cave stalagmite oxygen isotope southwest monsoon solar activity Guizhou.

Postglacial sea-level changes and development stages of fluvial-estuarine system

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 573-584页

作者： Li Congxian department of Marine geology and geophysics, Tongji university, Shanghai 200092, China Dept. of Marine geology & geophysics Tongji Univ. Shanghai 200092 China

-On the basis of the data obtained from the investigations on some rivers in China and Australia, the author discusses the spatial and temporal changes of various portions of fluvial-estuarine system during postglacial sea-level rising in present coastal and deltaic areas. The evolution of a fluvial-estuarine system can be divided into four development stages: early transgression, late transgression, stationary and regression. Early transgression brought about filling-in of the paleo-valley formed in low stand of sea level. In response to late transgression the estuaries were created, during the stationary stage the big swamp was developed. The regression led to estuaries to be filled with sediments and then became deltas. At the same locality the fluvial-estuarine system changed with time. In the transgressive period the lower reach of a river changed into an estuary, and then became nearshore area. In the regressive period the nearshore area changed into an estuary , and then became delta.

关键词： Sea-level fluvial-estuarine system postglacial period paleo-valley paleo-interfluve retrogressive aggrada-tion

Distributions of fatty acids in a stalagmite related to paleoclimate change at Qingjiang in Hubei,southern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1463-1469页

作者： XIE Shucheng1,HUANG Junhua1,WANG Hongmei2,YI Yi1,HU Chaoyong1, CAI Yanjun3 & CHENG Hai4.1. Faculty of Earth Science,China university of Geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.China 2. School of Environmental Studies,China university of Geosciences,Wuhan 4.0074.China 3. SKLLQG,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075,China 4. department of geology and geophysics,university of minnesota,{4.,usa 1. Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 2. School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 3. SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 710075 Xi’an China 4. department of geology and geophysics University of Minnesota 55455 MN USA

Fatty acids extracted from a subtropical stalagmite at Qingjiang in Southern China’s Hubei Province were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These n-alkanoic acids range from C14.to C26 in carbon number, maximizing at C16, with a second dominance at C22. In contrast to the stalagmite analysed, the overlying soils are characterized by the dominance of heavy-molecular-weight homologues (>C20). The n-fatty acids in the stalagmite were proposed to be contributed by both the soil ecosystems and the microbes harboring in the percolating water and the cave. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated n-fatty acids (C16:1i/C16:0, C18:1/C18:0) appear to show trends comparable with the oxygen isotope records of the stalagmite carbonate, with enhanced values associated with the cold episode such as Heinrich event 1. This paleoclimate-dependent record of the n-fatty acids might reflect microbial changes in physiology and activity in response to the temperature. This record shows somewhat difference from the previous paleoclimate signal extracted from n-alkanols and n-alkan-2-ones of the same stalagmite. The acid record fails to document the well-known Younger Dryas event which was effectively shown by the latter two biomarkers derived from soil ecosystems. This discrepancy might result from the changing biogeochemical impact on different lipid fractions as well as the varied organism populations in different ecosystems.

关键词： biomarker, ecosystem, microbe, speleothem, paleoclimate, Quaternary.

A Potential Candidate For the Middle-Upper Cambrian Boundary Stratotype——An Introduction to the Paibi Section in Huayuan,Hunan

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1990年第3期64卷 309-327,344-346+348页

作者： Dong Xiping department of geology, Peking university, Beijing department of geology Peking University Beijing

The Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is one of the current stratigraphical problems which remain openin the geological world, since there have been no universally acknowledged delimiting standard and *** on the instruction of Profs. Lu Yanhao and An Taixiang the author studied in details the Paibi Section,which is well exposed as a continuous sequence at an easily accessible locality. The Middle-Upper Cambrianboundary strata are composed of biocalcimicrosparite, indicating the sedimentary environment of anunderwater upheaval on the gentle slope along the frontal margin of the Yangtze carbonate platform. For the upper Middle and lower Upper Cambrian agnostid trilobite zones and conodont zones are erected,and a more accurate correlation between the trilobite and conodont sequences is established. Based on these,the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary is drawn more reasonably and precisely than what was done before. Inshort, the section studied is superior to other known sections of Middle-Upper Cambrian. and it will probablybe an ideal candidate for the Middle-Upper Cambrian boundary stratotype.

关键词： In An Introduction to the Paibi Section in Huayuan,Hunan A Potential Candidate For the Middle-Upper Cambrian Boundary Stratotype

Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of living and fossil plants—Metasequoia as an example

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第8期19卷 901-912页

作者： Hong Yang a,b, Qin Leng a,c a department of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Sciences, Bryant university, Smithfield, RI 02917, usa b department of {4. and geophysics, Yale university, New Haven, CT 06520, usa c LPS, Nanjing Institute of {4. and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China [a]department of Science and Technology College of Arts and Sciences Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 USA [b]Department of Geology and Geophysics Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA [c]LPS Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology CAS Nanjing 210008 China

Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis preformed on modern and fossil plants has made a significant impact on diverse research fields in biology and geology. Using living and fossil Metasequoia as an example, we review the technology of online GC-IRMS that made the molecular analysis of hydrogen isotope possible and discuss critical issues concerning with the studies of molecular dD and its applications. The apparent hydrogen fractionation factors between lipid molecules and source water (ewater–lipid) vary across plant taxonomy and differ among biomolecules and are affected by multiple environmental factors in which precipitation dD values exercise the first order of control. Eco-physiological factors and environmental parameters are also known to influence dD in plants. Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of chemically stable lipid molecules, such as n-alkanes, finds a wide range of applications in detecting source sediments, reconstruction of paleoclimatic parameters, inference of air-mass trajectory, as well as in petroleum industry and environmental studies.

关键词： Compound-specific dD Plant molecule Hydrogen fractionation Paleoclimate Metasequoia

New ancient DNA sequences suggest high genetic diversity for the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 379-386页

作者： YANG Shujuan, LAI Xulong, SHI Suhua, CHENG Shenghong, ZHOU Xiugao, YANG Xiujuan and YANG Hong department of Earth Science, China university of Geosciences, Wuhan 4.0074. China department of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen university, Guangzhou 510275, China Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Heilongjiang Provincial Museum, Harbin 150001, China department of Sciences and Technology, College of Arts and Sciences, Bryant university, Smithfield, Rhode Island 02917, usa and department of geology and geophysics, Yale university, New Haven, CT 06520, usa [a]department of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China [b]Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [c]department of Life Sceince Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou China [d]Heilongjiang Provincial Museum Harbin China [e]department of Sciences and Technology College of Arts and Sciences Bryant University Smithfield Rhode Island USA [f]department of geology and geophysics Yale University New Haven CT USA

Partial DNA sequences of cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) were successfully retrieved from Late Pleistocene fossil bone of Mammuthus primigenius collected from the Xiguitu County ( Yakeshi), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and from Zhaodong, Harbin of Heilongjiang Province in northern China. Two ancient DNA fragments (109 bp and 124.bp) were authenticated by reproducible experiments in two different laboratories and by phylogenetic analysis with other Elephantidae taxa. Phylogenetic analysis using these sequences and published data in either separate or combined datasets indicate unstable relationship among the woolly mammoth and the two living elephants, Elephas and Loxodonta . In addition to the short sequences used to attempt the long independent evolution of Elephantidae terminal taxa, we suggest that a high intra-specific diversity existed in Mammuthus primigenius crossing both spatial and temporal ranges, resulting in a complex and divergent genetic background for DNA sequences so far recovered. The high genetic diversity in the extinct woolly mammoth can explain the apparent instability of Elephantidae taxa on the molecular phylogenetic trees and can reconcile the apparent paradox regarding the unresolved Elephantidae trichotomy.

关键词： Mammuthus primigenius genetic diversity ancient DNA phylogenetic analysis.

The Middle Devonian Bimodal Association of Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Area of East Junggar, Xinjiang

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1992年第2期66卷 141-153页

作者： Han Baofu department of geology, Peking university, Beijing department of geology Peking University Beijing

The Middle Devonian volcanic rocks in the northern area of East Junggar, located between the Ertix andUlungur rivers of northern Xinjiang, may be divided into basic and acid ones. It is evident that a compositionalgap exists between the two groups so that the volcanic rocks are not in line with a calc-alkaline series becausethe intermediate rocks are absent in the area. The fact shows that the volcanic rocks are a typical bimodal asso-ciation. The formation of the bimodal association of volcanic rocks in the area was closely related to continen-tal rifting or continental extension in the Middle Devonian. In such a tectonic setting, magmas were first pro-duced by partial melting of the mantle. Where crustal thinning was greater, the magmas ascended and eruptedon the surface directly so that the basic volcanic rocks formed, but olivine and/or partial pyroxenefractionation occurred in the magmas during their ascent through the thinning crust. On the other hand, wherecrustal thinning was less, ascending mantle-derived magmas reached the lower crust and accumulated there, re-sulting in partial melting of the lower crust and thus giving rise to the contaminated magma which was consoli-dated as acid volcanic rocks on the surface.

关键词： rock REE area The Middle Devonian Bimodal Association of Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Area of East Junggar Xinjiang

Rheology of Partially Molten Olivine Aggregates under Water-Saturated Conditions

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Continental Dynamics 1997年第1期 54-62页

作者： BAI Wuming (Institute of geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China) MEI Shenghua David KOHLSTEDT (department of geology and geophysics, {4., mn 5.455, usa)

The influence of basaltic melt and water content on the high-temperature plastic deformation behavior of olivine aggregates was studied by performing a series of high-temperature creep experiments. The specimens, which are the powder of San Carols olivine plus 1, 4. or 7 wt% MORB, with the grain size of 10-20 μm, were hotpressed. Deformation experiments were conducted in a gas-medium apparatus at a confining pressure of 300 MPa and temperature of 1373 K to 14.3 K. Water was supplied by dehydration of TALC near 1073 K. The hy- droxyl concentration in the samples was determined from Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra.

关键词： partial melting water-saturated conditions rheology high pressure and high temperature