New ancient DNA sequences suggest high genetic diversity for the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)

作     者：YANG Shujuan, LAI Xulong, SHI Suhua, CHENG Shenghong, ZHOU Xiugao, YANG Xiujuan and YANG Hong Department of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China Department of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Heilongjiang Provincial Museum, Harbin 150001, China Department of Sciences and Technology, College of Arts and Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, Rhode Island 02917, USA and Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA 

作者机构：Department of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Department of Life Science SunYat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China Heilongjiang Provincial Museum Harbin 150001 China Department of Sciences and Technology College of Arts and Sciences Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 United States Department of Geology and Geophysics Yale University New Haven CT 06520 United States 

出 版 物：《Progress in Natural Science:Materials International》 (自然科学进展·国际材料(英文))

年 卷 期：2006年第16卷第4期

页      面：379-386页

核心收录：

学科分类：070903[理学-古生物学与地层学(含：古人类学)] 0709[理学-地质学] 07[理学] 0805[工学-材料科学与工程（可授工学、理学学位）] 0702[理学-物理学] 

基　　金：Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40028201 40472010) 

主　　题：Mammuthus primigenius genetic diversity ancient DNA phylogenetic analysis. 

摘      要：Partial DNA sequences of cytochrome b gene (mtDNA) were successfully retrieved from Late Pleistocene fossil bone of Mammuthus primigenius collected from the Xiguitu County ( Yakeshi), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and from Zhaodong, Harbin of Heilongjiang Province in northern China. Two ancient DNA fragments (109 bp and 124 bp) were authenticated by reproducible experiments in two different laboratories and by phylogenetic analysis with other Elephantidae taxa. Phylogenetic analysis using these sequences and published data in either separate or combined datasets indicate unstable relationship among the woolly mammoth and the two living elephants, Elephas and Loxodonta . In addition to the short sequences used to attempt the long independent evolution of Elephantidae terminal taxa, we suggest that a high intra-specific diversity existed in Mammuthus primigenius crossing both spatial and temporal ranges, resulting in a complex and divergent genetic background for DNA sequences so far recovered. The high genetic diversity in the extinct woolly mammoth can explain the apparent instability of Elephantidae taxa on the molecular phylogenetic trees and can reconcile the apparent paradox regarding the unresolved Elephantidae trichotomy.