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Early-Mid Ordovician brachiopod diversification in South China

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Science China Earth sciences 2005年第5期48卷 662-675页

作者： ZHAN Renbin, RONG Jiayu, CHENG Jinhui & CHEN Pengfei nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, nanjing {4.008, China 1. nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy 210008 Nanjing China

Affected by paleogeographic position, paleoclimatic condition and depositional environments, the increase of the Early-Mid Ordovician brachiopod diversity of South China commenced at the beginning of the Ordovician (early Tremadoc), accelerated from the Tetra- graptus approximatus Biozone (base of Arenig), and reached its first acme in the Didymograptus eobifidus Biozone (mid early Arenig) when the number of brachiopod genera was over 7 times as great as that at the start of the Ordovician. This was the first radiation in the history of brachiopod macroevolution in South China, which occurred nearly 5 graptolitic biozones earlier than the global trend of the great Ordovician biodiversification (in the lower part of the Undulograptus austrodentatus Biozone). It is also characterized by (1) the origination or first occurrences of some major groups, such as the punctate dalmanelloids and the pseudopunctate stro- phomenoids including Plectambonitoidea (cardinal process simple or absent) and Stro- phomenoidea (cardinal process bilobed) in South China; (2) niche expansion, particularly in the first occupation of deeper water benthic regimes by the Euorthisina-Nocturnellia Association developed at Houping, Chengkou, northern Chongqing; and (3) the differentiation of brachiopod faunas under different environmental conditions. The gradual and increasing separation from Gondwana may have been one of the factors responsible for the radiation in South China.

关键词： biodiversity, evolutionary radiation, brachiopods, Early-Mid Ordovician, South China.

A restudy of Oryctocephalus indicus (Reed,1910)

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第11期16卷 1177-1182页

作者： ZHAO Yuanlong~1**, YUAN Jinliang~2, PENG Shanchi~ 2,3 , YANG Xinglian~1, PENG Jin~1, LIN Jihpai~4. and GUO Qingjun~5(1. College of Resource and Environment of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China 2. nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing {4.008, China 3. State Key Laboratory of Papaeobiology and Stratigraphy, nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, nanjing {4.008, China 4. Department of Geological Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4.{4., USA 5. institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 550002, China) College of Resource and Environment of Guizhou University Guiyang 550003 China nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China State Key Laboratory of Papaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Nanjing 210008 China Department of Geological Science Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 United States institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

Restudy on morphology of Oryctocephalus indicus (Reed, 1910), based on specimens from Guizhou, China and Nevada USA, suggests that the subspecies regarded previously as Oryctocephalus indicus indicus (Reed, 1910), O. indicus latus Zhao et Yuan 2.02, and O. indicus kobayashi Saito, 1934. are synonymous, and Oryctocephalus americanus Sundberg et McCollum, 2.03 is a similar form of O. indicus. Oryctocephalus indicus is rediagnosed as having a glabella that is subconical in outline and tapering forward slightly; a thorax that comprises 12 segments, and a small pygidium that bears 2—3 axial rings with a terminal piece and a postaxial ridge. Oryctocephalus indicus is widely distributed in eastern Guizhou and ranges through a great interval of Kaili Formation. Its first appearance is almost identical with these events of trilobite extinction-recovery occurring at the end of the Early Cambrian, the alternation of acritach assemblages, the change of trace elements (REE) and stable isotopes (carbon) at the Wuliu-Zengjiaya section. As one of the key forms for defining the traditional Lower-Middle Cambrian boundary (the base of Cambrian Series 3 and Stage 5 in the new Cambrian chronstratigraphic standard), O. indicus has received detailed study and has more advantages than other species such as Ovatoryctocara granulata Tchernysheva, 1962 or Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899.

关键词： Oryctocephalus indicus restudy Kaili Formation Cambrian Guizhou China.

The reconstruction and interpretations of lake status at 6 ka and 18 ka *** inland mainland Asia

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chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第14期43卷 1145-1157页

作者： QIN Boqiang 1, SHI Yafeng 1 and YU Ge 2, 3 1. nanjing institute of geography & limnology,{4., nanjing 2.0008, China 2. Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, PO Box 117, S 221 00, Lund, Sweden 3. Department of nanjing institute of geography & Limnolagy Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Dynamic Palaeoclimatology Lund University Lund Sweden Department of Geology and Ocean sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

By means of survey of literature through compilations of sedimentological, biogeological and geomorphologic data, the inland lake level changes in arid or semi arid mainland Asia at 6 and 18 ka B.P. have been reconstructed. The results showed that the lakes from western and northwestern Asia were characterized by very high water levels at 18 ka B.P., but low or intermediate water stands at 6 ka B.P. The high lake level in this region was associated with the southward displacement of westerlies, therefore, the extent of the high lake stand indicated the southern flank of westerlies during the glaciation. Conversely, the lakes from the eastern and southern Asia registered comparative low levels at 18 ka B.P. and significantly high one at 6 ka B.P. The lowering of lake level at 18 ka B.P. was caused by the weakened summer monsoon and the high lake level at 6 ka B.P. by the enhanced summer monsoon induced by the enlarged thermal contrast between land and ocean. The extent of high lake levels indicated the northern boundary of monsoon expansion. Between the above two regions, there is a climatic transitional zone in the Central Asia where the lake behavior was close to that in southeastern Asia at 6 ka B.P. but became similar to that in northwestern Asia at 18 ka B.P. Thus this zone became a transitional sector from the monsoon to the westerlies.

关键词： lake status inland mainland Asia westerlies monsoon.

Concatenating construction of the multisymplectic schemes for 2+1-dimensional sine-Gordon equation

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Science China Mathematics 2004年第1期47卷 18-30页

作者： WANG Yushun, WANG Bin & QIN MengzhaoLASG, institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China School of Mathematics and Computer Science, nanjing Normal University, nanjing {4.097, China School of Mathematics and System Science, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 1. LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing China 2. School of Mathematics and Computer Science Nanjing Normal University 210097 Nanjing China 3. School of Mathematics and System Science Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China

In this paper, taking the 2+1-dimensional sine-Gordon equation as an example, we present the concatenating method to construct the multisymplectic schemes. The method is to discretizee independently the PDEs in different directions with symplectic schemes, so that the multisymplectic schemes can be constructed by concatenating those symplectic schemes. By this method, we can construct multisymplectic schemes, including some widely used schemes with an accuracy of any order. The numerical simulation on the collisions of solitons are also proposed to illustrate the efficiency of the multisymplectic schemes.

关键词： 2+l-climensional sine-Gordon equation multisymplectic scheme concatenating method solitons

Some Fertility Characteristics and Fertilizer Requirements of a Newly Reclaimed Upland Red Soil Derived from Quaternary Red Clay

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Pedosphere 2000年第4期10卷 373-382页

作者： MA MAOTONG and XIE JIANCHANG (institute of Soil Science, the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 2.0008 China) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

A series of field experiments from 1990 to 1994.in Yingtan, Jiangxi Province, were conducted on an upland red soil derived from Quaternary red clay which had been reclaimed three years before the experiments, in order to study the fertility characteristics and fertilizer requirements of the newly reclaimed soil. The field experiments included that on nutrient characteristics and fertilizer effect, that on K-supplying potential and K-Mg relationship, that on fertilization rates of K and N, etc. The newly reclaimed upland soil was low in both N and P, and its responses to nitrogen and phosphate application were very significant. The K-supplying potential was also low, so the soil was highly responsive to K fertilizer. The effect of Ca and Mg fertilizers was not so great for the reason that certain amounts of Ca and Mg were incorporated into the soil through application of calcium magnesium phosphate during land leveling before the experiments. Among the four micronutrients, B, Mo, Zn and Cu, B had the greatest effect on the soil. The fertilizer requirements of the soil were in an order of P and N > K > lime and B > Mg > Mo, Zn and Cu. Eight crops tested had different fertilizer-requiring characteristics. Rapeseed was very sensitive to P and B fertilizers. Barely was especially sensitive to P and lime and it also responded to B, Mo, Zn and Cu. And sweet potato was especially sensitive to K.

关键词： fertility characteristics fertilizer requirement newly reclaimed upland soil

FOSSIL OPHIUROIDS FROM TONGZIYAN FORMATION(Middle PERMIAN) IN LONGYAN, FUJIAN

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古生物学报 2002年第3期 399-402页

作者： LIAO Zhuo Ting and WANG Xiao Juan (nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing {4.008)

ＳｕｍｍａｒｙＴｈｅｆｏｓｓｉｌｏｐｈｉｕｒｏｉｄｓｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｗａｓｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＴｏｎｇｚｉｙａｎＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｎｅａｒｔｈｅＫｅｎｇｂｉｎｇＣｏａｌＭｉｎｅｉ... 详细信息

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关键词： echinoderms ophiuroids Middle Permian(Guadalupian) Longyan of Fujian Summary The fossil ophiuroids described in this paper was collected from the Tongziyan Formation near the Kengbing Coal Mine in Longyan. This formation is a suite of pa

Effect of CO_2 Enrichment on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Tomato Seedlings

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Pedosphere 2007年第3期17卷 343-351页

作者： LI Juan ZHOU Jian-Min DUAN Zeng-Qiang DU Chang-Wen WANG Huo-Yan State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 （China） nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China）

Exposing tomato seedlings to elevated CO2 concentrations may have potentially profound impacts on the tomato yield and quality. A growth chamber experiment was designed to estimate how different nutrient concentrations influenced the effect of elevated CO2 on the growth and nutrient uptake of tomato seedlings. Tomato (Hezuo 906) was grown in pots placed in controlled growth chambers and was subjected to ambient or elevated CO2 (360 or 720μL L-1) and four nutrient solutions of different strengths (1/2-, 1/4., 1/8-, and 1/16-strength Japan Yamazaki nutrient solutions) in a completely randomized design. The results indicated that some agricultural characteristics of the tomato seedlings such as the plant height, stem thickness, total dry and fresh weights of the leaves, stems and roots, the G value (G value = total plant dry weight/seedling age), and the seedling vigor index (seedling vigor index = stem thickness/(plant height×total plant dry weight) increased with the elevated CO2, and the increases were strongly dependent on the nutrient solution concentrations, being greater with higher nutrient solution concentrations. The elevated CO2 did not alter the ratio of root to shoot. The total N, P, K, and C absorbed from all the solutions except P in the 1/8- and 1/16-strength nutrient solutions increased in the elevated CO2 treatment. These results demonstrate that the nutrient demands of the tomato seedlings increased at elevated CO2 concentrations.

关键词： CO2 enrichment nutrient strength nutrient uptake tomato seedlings

Nutrient Discharges from a Typical Watershed in the Hilly Area of Subtropical China

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Pedosphere 2003年第1期13卷 23-30页

作者： ZHANG GANLIN, YANG JINLING and ZHAO YUGUOinstitute of Soil Science, the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 2.0008 (China) institute of Soil Science the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Agriculture is still the biggest contributor of non-point source (NPS) pollution to water bodies andrunoff discharges of nutrients and other chemicals are one of the most important pathways. This studywas conducted during 1998～1999 in a typical watershed with complex agriculture and forestry systems aswell as dotted farmer villages, in a transitional region between the mid- and northern subtropical zones ofChina. Continuous sampling of stream water was performed regularly at a weekly frequency, with additionalsampling after all major rainfall events. The discharges of N and P nutrients and suspended materials weremeasured and the total and area-averaged annual discharges of all components were calculated. The resultsshowed an uneven seasonal distribution of nutrient discharges with summer storms contributing most tothe total fluxes. This study demonstrated a high dependence of runoff volume on rainfall but the overallrunoff coefficients were dependent on land use type and watershed size. The area-averaged annual dischargesvaried greatly among the sub-watersheds with different sizes and land use structures. This is the first studyestimating the area-averaged annual discharges of N and P in the hilly areas of subtropical China, which were1.5 g m-2 a-1 and 0.1 g m-2 a-1, respectively, providing important reference values for the assessment ofregional agricultural non-point source pollution.

关键词： discharge nutrients runoff subtropical china watershed

Provincialism of the late Middle through middle Late Cambrian paraconodonts and protoconodonts

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第5期46卷 433-438页

作者： DONG XipingDepartment of Geology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Laboratory of Paleobiology & Stratigraphy, nanjing institute of Geology and Palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing {4.008, China Department of Geology Peking University Beijing China Laboratory of Paleobiology & Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China

Quantitative paleoprovincialism is studied, using a coefficient of similarity (CS) formula. The results indicate that the provincialism of the late Middle through middle Late Cambrian paraconodonts and protoconodonts did exist. The provincialism of Ordovician conodonts can be traced back to late Middle Cambrian. The North China Province and South China Province can be recognized in late Middle Cambrian, whereas the North China Province, South China Province and Balitca Province can be recognized respectively in early Late Cambrian and middle Late Cambrian. The possibility that the larger units of provincialism, i.e. Faunal Regions existed in the areas mentioned above is discussed. It is inferred that the Midcontinent Faunal Region and the Atlantic Faunal Region had existed in early Late Cambrian and middle Late Cambrian. The North China Province was the secondary unit of provincialism in the Midcontinent Faunal Region, while the Baltica Province was that in the Atlantic Faunal Region. The South China

关键词： paraconodonts and protoconodonts provincialism late Middle Cambrian through middle Late Cambrian.