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Analysis of land use change and its driving force in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

Science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 10-20页

作者： LI ZhengHai~(1,4+) SONG GuoBao~(1,2) L HaiYan~3 BAO YaJing~1 GAO JiXi~4 WANG HaiMei~5 XU Tian~6 CHENG Yan~7 1 Institute of Bio-Resources and Environment,College of Life Science,Dalian Nationalities University,Dalian 116600,china 2 College of Resources Science & Technology,Baijing Normal University,Baijing 100875,china 3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and regional Planning,chinese academy of Agricultural sciences,Baijing 100081,china 4 innovation base of regional ecology,chinese research academy of environmental sciences,beijing 100012,china s Inner Mongolia Municipality Observatory,Huhhot 010051,china 6 College of Life sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Huhhot 010021,china 7 College of Ecological Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot 010018,china

The research on land use degree,land use change rate as well as regional difference of various land use types in the southwest Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR)has been carried out on the re- gional and county *** the view of social economy,we have also analyzed the driving mecha- nism of land use change and the corresponding spatial scopes of various driving forces in the research *** research result indlcetse that,on the regional scale,farmland,forest and grassland compose the main body of land use in the LRGR,and the structural change of land use shows that grassland declines sharply,farmland increases and forest keeps *** the county scale,the land use is characterized by that land use level is relatively low,and the land use degree,the comprehensive variation rate and the relative variation rate among different land use types still *** analysis,the land use changes in the LRGR are mainly driven by investment Intensity of manpower and physical resources,the social economic output level,the intensity of natural disasters disturbance and educa- tional level of ***,the regionalism exists in the influence scope of different driving force types.

关键词： land use land use degree land use change rate driving force Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR)

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Distribution and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in industrial site soils:A case study of urban renewal in beijing,china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第3期21卷 366-372页

作者： YANG Wenrui,WANG Rusong,ZHOU Chuanbin,LI FengState key laboratory of Urban and regional ecology,research Center for Eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china. State key laboratory of Urban and regional ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

A field survey was conducted in a contaminated industrial site of southern beijing, china to investigate the contents and distribution of the organochlorine pesticides （α-, β-, y-, δ-HCH, p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDE, p,p＇-DDD and o,p＇-DDT） in the profiles of soil, and a health risk assessment was carded out with CalTOX multimedia exposure model. Results showed that mean concentrations of total hexachlorocyclohexane isomers （HCHs） and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomers （DDXs） in soils were in the range of 13.20- 148.71 mg/kg, and 3.02-67.43 mg/kg, respectively. Organochlorine pesticides （OCPs） content peaked in the surface and declined in soil profile with depth. The amounts of HCHs in three profiles of soil were larger than DDXs. Composition analysis indicated that there was a trend of degradation of OCPs in the site, but the mean of HCHs and DDXs concentration were over the state warning standard limit （HCHs, 0.50 mg/kg; DDXs, 0.50 mg/kg）. According to current land use development, health risk assessment with CalTOX and Monte Carlo analysis showed that health risks mainly came from two exposure pathways： dermal uptake and inhalation, and the total risk values all exceeded the general acceptable health risk value （10-6）. The sensitivity analysis indicated that five parameters significantly contributed to total risk.

关键词： pollution hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomers (DDXs) soil profiles Monte Carlo sensitivity

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Effect of external and internal phosphate status on arsenic toxicity and accumulation in rice seedlings

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第3期21卷 346-351页

作者： WANG Lihong,DUAN Guilan research Center for Eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Phosphorus （P） deficiency is thought to exacerbate the arsenic （As） phytotoxicity in paddy rice. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of external phosphate supply on As accumulation in rice and its toxicity under phosphate deficiency conditions. Rice seedlings pretreated with a phosphorus deficient nutrient solution （-P） for 14 d accumulated more As than those pretreated with a normal phosphorus supply nutrient solution （＋P）. Rice protreated with -P showed As toxicity symptoms after being exposed to 50 μmol/L arsenate for 4 h, while ＋P rice did not show any toxicity symptoms. Arsenic toxicity symptoms can be alleviated by increasing external P concentrations. The arsenate uptake rate and accumulation corresponded with the As toxicity in rice plants. Arsenic concentrations in rice roots decreased with increasing external phosphate concentrations. The lowest As accumulation and the highest P accumulation were found when the external P concentration reached 100μmol/L. In short, P deficiency increased the sensitivity of rice to arsenate and increasing of external phosphate supply could alleviate As toxicity.

关键词： phosphorus arsenate arsenic toxicity arsenic accumulation rice seedlings

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Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第5期21卷 647-653页

作者： HUANG Yizong, HU Ying, LIU Yunxia research Center for Eco-environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Accumulations of copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in six rice cultivars （94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360） were evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination （100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu ＋ 1.0 mg/kg Cd） in a greenhouse. The dry weights of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0%, and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.

关键词： Cu Cd combined contamination soil uptake accumulation root surface iron plaques

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Exploiting pattern and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas

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Journal of environmental sciences 2001年第2期13卷 173-179页

作者： WU Gang, LI Jing, KONG Hong mei, ZHAO Jing zhu, GAO Lin (Department of ecology System, research Center for Eco environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china) Department of ecology System Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

This paper studied the distribution and utilization status, reasonable exploitation patterns and potential productivity, and sustainable development of marginal lands in the Three Gorge Reservoir Areas. It has been pointed that problems of the soil fertility degradation, poor productivity in crop lands, natural disasters and environmental deterioration existed in all the exploited marginal lands. In order to maintain the sustainability of the marginal lands, following measure have been proposed: prohibiting cultivation in the crop lands with a slope more than 25°, restoring vegetation in the slope more than 25°, strengthening the basic agricultural construction, establishing the production base of woody feeds and oils, establishing a multi dimensional management model with reasonable structure and optimum function for forestry, agriculture and fishing.

关键词： marginal lands utilization pattern sustainable development Three Gorge Reservoir Are4

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Plausible impact of global climate change on water resources in the Tarim River Basin

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第1期48卷 65-73页

作者： CHEN Yaning & XU Zongxue Xinjiang Institute of ecology & Geography, chinese academy of sciences, Urumqi 830011, china College of environmental sciences, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china Xinjiang Institute of ecology & Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China College of environmental sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China

Combining the temperature and precipitation data from 77 climatological stations and the climatic and hydrological change data from three headstreams of the Tarim River: Hotan, Yarkant, and Aksu in the study area, the plausible association between climate change and the variability of water resources in the Tarim River Basin in recent years was investigated, the long-term trend of the hydrological time series including temperature, precipitation, and streamflow was detected, and the possible association between the El Ni(n)o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and these three kinds of time series was tested. The results obtained in this study show that during the past years, the temperature experienced a significant monotonic increase at the speed of 5%, nearly 1℃ rise; the precipitation showed a significant decrease in the 1970s, and a significant increase in the1980s and 1990s, the average annual precipitation was increased with the magnitude of 6.8 mm per decade. A step change occurred in both temperature and precipitation time series around 1986, which may be influenced by the global climate change. Climate change resulted in the increase of the streamflow at the headwater of the Tarim River, but the anthropogenic activities such as over-depletion of the surface water resulted in the decrease of the streamflow at the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The study result also showed that there is no significant association between the ENSO and the temperature, precipitation and streamflow.

关键词： climate change, hydrological change, temperature, precipitation, streamflow, Tarim River.

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Agro-ecological engineering in china: a way towards sustainable agriculture

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Journal of environmental sciences 2000年第4期12卷 422-429页

作者： LIU Guo\|hua, FU Bo\|jie (research Center for Eco environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china) research Center for Eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Sustainable development, as a “hot topic”, concerns not only economic development but also environmental protection. Agriculture, the base of other economic activities, has faced many difficulties that include over growth population, land decrease, and land degradation and so on. Therefore, how to increase the food supply, to meet the over\|growth population demands, is the main task all over the world at present, especially in the developing countries, such as china, but we also must protect agricultural environment for medium\| and long\|term development simultaneously. Hence, sustainable development in agriculture is the most important estate that we must concern. Its sustainable development determines the sustainability of other economic development to a great extent. Despite chinese government has paid much attention to develop agricultural production and obtained great successions, there are also many shortcomings in chinese agriculture. Therefore, china must seek new approaches for its development and environmental protection that suit local conditions and are based on local resources. Agro ecological engineering, the application of ecological engineering in agriculture, is very thriving in china in recent decades. In this paper, the ecological, economic and social benefits of agro\|ecological engineering are analyzed. The principles are discussed. The results indicated that agro\|ecological engineering can meet the farmer′s short\|, medium\| and long\|term benefits. In the meanwhile, it also concerns not only economic benefits but ecological and social benefits. Therefore, agro\|ecological engineering is a way that leads to sustainable agriculture in the future in china.

关键词： agro-ecological engineering sustainable agriculture sustainable development china

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Changes in hair arsenic concentration in a population exposed to heavy pollution:Follow-up investigation in Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,Southern china

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Journal of environmental sciences 2010年第2期22卷 283-289页

作者： Bin Wu,Tongbin Chen Center for environmental Remediation,Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china. Center for environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern china in 2002 and 2006. The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decreased from 2.95 mg/kg in 2002 to 1.78 mg/kg in 2006, when the percentage of the population with levels over 1 mg/kg only decreased from 93.4% in 2002 to 80.5% in 2006. Over this four-year period, the population with high arsenic concentrations decreased significantly while there was no obvious change in hair arsenic concentration for people who had relatively low concentrations. In terms of age distribution, young and old people had higher hair arsenic concentrations than the middle-aged. All of these results showed that it is difficult to reverse the negative impact of arsenic pollution on human health. Arsenic pollution has a long-term continuous influence on the health of local residents.

关键词： arsenic human health soil contamination hair arsenic

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Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

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Journal of environmental sciences 2009年第3期21卷 373-379页

作者： CHEN Yan-Min,GUO Liang-Hong State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,research Center for Eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Human serum albumin （HSA） is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and environmental pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME （absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion） and bioavailability of the pollutants. The binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid （C2）, octanoic acid （C8） and dodecanoic acid （C12） has been investigated by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. For the study of the fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA, two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline were employed in the displacement measurements. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations from these three approaches were very similar. HSA did not show any change in the fluorescence and electrochemical experiments after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential mode, indicating an independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio were 3.1 × 10^6 L/mol and 1 with drug binding Site Ⅰ, 1.1 × 107 L/mol and 1 with Site Ⅱ, and 7.0× 0^4 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site, respectively. The measurements with C12 displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of the C12 binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of environmental pollutants with biological molecules.

关键词： absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) organic acid human serum albumin fluorescence electrochemistry

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Decrease trend of dust event frequency over the past 200 years recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第24期50卷 2866-2871页

作者： WANG Ninglian Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 73000, china Institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

By analyses of the dust layers in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was found that dirty ratio in this core might be a good proxy for dust event frequency. The variations in the dirty ratio displayed a de- crease trend over the past 200 years, which implies that dust events became less frequent during the study period. The decrease trend in the variations in dust event frequency might be caused mostly by the natural processes, including increasing precipitation and weakening westerly which might be related with global warming. Furthermore, significant negative correlation was found between the dirty ratio and δ 18O in the Malan ice core. This is highly important for studying the effect of atmospheric dust on climate change.

关键词：青藏高原马伦冰核气候变化扬尘事件发生频率

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