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Control of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations by 2050: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries

science china Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2, GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100864, china 3 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, china 4 the lanzhou branch of the national science library, the scientific information center for resources and environment, lanzhou 73.000, china Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The lanzhou branch of the national science library the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment Lanzhou China

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best conception of the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2005, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2006―2050), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2050, actual emissions from 1900 to 2005, emissions levels in 2005, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2005―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2005 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2005 had already expended their 2050 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (20 dollars per ton of CO2). Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2006 to 2050 would still be much higher than those of developing coun

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

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On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and some related issues

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science china Earth sciences 2010年第12期53卷 159-172页

作者： DING ZhongLi1,DUAN XiaoNan2,GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 cas Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100029,china 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100864,china 3 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,china 4 the lanzhou branch of the national science library,scientific information center for resources and environment of cas,lanzhou 73.000,china cas Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The lanzhou branch of the national science library Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment of CAS Lanzhou China

We evaluated and ran simulations for seven proposals for the reduction of global CO2 emissions (e.g.,those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),United Nations Development Program,and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).All the proposals ignored the fact that the cumulative CO2 emissions per capita for developed countries were 7.54 times those for developing countries in the historical period of *** proposals further deliberately allocate 2006-2050 emission quotas to developed countries that are 2.3-6.7 times those to developing *** will seriously violate the development rights of developing *** paper clearly states that proposals such as that of the IPCC are not suitable references for future international climate change negotiations as they violate the fundamentals of fairness and equity in international relationships and the UNFCCC principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities".Comparing estimates of emissions in china in the scenario of rapid development with low-CO2-emission technology in the period 2006-2050 with estimates for other countries and groups,we find that china can logically and morally argue for equivalent emission rights even in the case of the strict CO2 concentration target of 450-470 ppmv.

关键词： CO2 emission reduction cumulative CO2 emission per capita emission rights

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Advancement of scientific Knowledge Output Management in Chinese Academy of sciences Based on Institutional Repositories Network

Advancement of Scientific Knowledge Output Management in Chi...

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2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer science and information Technology—ICCSIT 2010

作者： Jianxia Ma Zhongming Zhu Cold and Arid Regions environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of sciences lanzhou china Linong Lu Wei Liu Denglu Wu The lanzhou branch of the national science library cas scientific information center for resources and environment cas lanzhou china

This paper describes the design and implementation of scientific knowledge output management based on institutional repository in Chinese Academy of *** aim,general function of institutional repository,plan,policy and sustainable supporting mechanism of scientific knowledge output management,the development of federated institutional repositories network based on OAI-harvester and the redesign of the scientific knowledge output system,driven by scientific workflow,integrated with organization,management,publication,reuse of compound digital object are introduced.

关键词： scientific knowledge output management institutional repositoty scientific workflow compound digital object

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On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and some related issues

On the major proposals for carbon emission reduction and som...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学术年会

作者： DING ZhongLi~(1*),DUAN XiaoNan~2,GE QuanSheng~3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang~4 1 cas Key Lab of Cenozoic Geology and environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100029, china 2 The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100864,china 3 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,china 4 the lanzhou branch of the national science library,scientific information center for resources and environment of cas,lanzhou 73.000, china

We evaluated and ran simulations for seven proposals for the reduction of global CO emissions(e.g.,those of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),United Nations Development Program,and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).All the proposals ignored the fact that the cumulative CO emissions per capita for developed countries were 7.54 times those for developing countries in the historical period of *** proposals further deliberately allocate 2006-2050 emission quotas to developed countries that are 2.3-6.7 times those to developing *** will seriously violate the development rights of developing *** paper clearly states that proposals such as that of the IPCC are not suitable references for future international climate change negotiations as they violate the fundamentals of fairness and equity in international relationships and the UNFCCC principle of"common but differentiated responsibilities".Comparing estimates of emissions in china in the scenario of rapid development with low-CO-emission technology in the period 2006-2050 with estimates for other countries and groups,we find that china can logically and morally argue for equivalent emission rights even in the case of the strict CO concentration target of 450-470 ppmv.

关键词： CO2 emission reduction cumulative CO2 emission per capita emission rights

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Helium isotope investigation on magnetic reversal boundaries of loess-paleosol sequence at Luochuan, central Chinese Loess Plateau

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Chinese science Bulletin 2007年第17期52卷 2407-2412页

作者： DU XueQing1,6, WANG YongHong2, REN JianGuo3, YE XianRen4 & LU HuaYu5,1 1 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth environment, Chinese Academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075, china 2 College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of china, Qingdao 266003, china 3 national Natural science Foundation of china, Beijing 100085, china 4 lanzhou Research center for Petroleum and Natural Gas resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china 5 Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, china 6 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, china State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China College of Marine Geosciences Ocean University of China Qingdao China national Natural science Foundation of china Beijing China lanzhou Research center for Petroleum and Natural Gas resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

Extraterrestrial particles have higher 3He/4He ratios than those of terrestrial sediments ( > 100 Ra versus < 0.03 Ra, where Ra is the 3He/4He ratio normalized to the atmospheric value of 1.4×10?6). The inter- planet... 详细信息

Extraterrestrial particles have higher 3He/4He ratios than those of terrestrial sediments ( > 100 Ra versus 4He ratio normalized to the atmospheric value of 1.4×10?6). The inter- planetary dust particles (IDPs), which are very rich in 3He, continuously bombard the Earth and can accumulate in deposits. IDPs sedimentation rate changes can significantly influence 3He concentration in the Earth surface sediments. Since IDPs are not easy to detect in terrestrial deposits, measuring helium isotopes is a helpful approach to examine changes in IDPs. Helium concentration and helium isotopic composition magnetic substances and the quartz particles were examined for helium concen- tration and helium isotopic ratio. Results show that the 3He/4He ratio and the 3He concentrations of the magnetic substances are clearly higher than those of the bulk samples and the quartz particles, and, the 3He/4He ratio of the extracted magnetic substances is also higher than that of the average level of the Earth’s crust. The higher helium content in the magnetic fractions can be explained by an influx of IDPs.

关键词：中国黄土高原古土壤氦同位素行星际尘埃颗粒反方向磁化

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Test of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size age models of loess

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1312-1317页

作者： Chen Yimeng1,2,3, Feng Zhaodong4 and Gong Huili1,2(1. MOE and Key Laboratory of resources environment and GIS of Beijing, Beijing 100037, china 2. Key Laboratory of 3D information Acquisition and Application, The Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, china 3. Department of Economics & Management of Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, china 4. Key Laboratory of Western china’s environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, lanzhou University, lanzhou 73.000, china) Key Laboratory of resources environment and GIS of Beijing Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of 3D information Acquisition and Application Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China Department of Economics and Management Huizhou University Huizhou 516007 China Key Laboratory of Western china's environmental Systems Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3/4 is 59.8 kaB.P.. The ages of the two climatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1: 0 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 2: 0 kaB.P.—11.5 kaB.P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 3: 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and then compared with each other. In addition, the AMS14C age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate control ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.

关键词： loess nodal control age magnetic susceptibility age model grain-size age model test

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国内综合性搜索引擎时新性的计算

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计算机工程与应用 2003年第21期39卷 47-49页

作者：王继民北京大学计算机科学技术系中科院资源环境科学信息中心兰州730000

一个搜索引擎所索引Web页面的“新鲜性”已成为评价其系统性能的指标之一。该文利用北大天网的实际搜集和Cho所检测Web变化的实验数据,计算了国内综合性搜索引擎在定期全面搜集时的时新性。

关键词：搜索引擎定期搜集时新性 Web页面

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Modeling the Roles of Precipitation Increasing in Glacier Systems Responding to Climate Warming—Taking Xinjiang Glaciated Region as Example

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Journal of Mountain science 2005年第4期2卷 306-312页

作者： WANG Xin XIE Zichu LIU Shiyin TAO Jianjun HAN Yongshun YANG Yuelong Research Institute of Geo-spatial information science Hunan University of Science ＆ Technology Xiangtan 411201 Hunan China Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Region＇s environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of resources and environment Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100029 China

The studies on prediction of climate in Xinjiang almost show that the precipitation would increase in the coming 50 years, although there were surely some uncertainties in precipitation predictions. On the basis of the structure of glacier system and nature of equilibrium line altitude at steady state （ELAo）, a functional model of the glacier system responding to climate changes was established, and it simultaneously involved the rising of summer mean temperature and increasing of mean precipitation. The results from the functional model under the climatic scenarios with temperature increasing rates of 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 K/year indicated that the precipitation increasing would play an evident role in glacier system responding to climate change： if temperature become 1 ℃ higher, the precipitation would be increased by 10%, which can slow down the glaciers retreating rate in the area by 4 %, accelerate runoff increasing rate by 8 % and depress the ELAo rising gradient by 24 m in northern Xinjiang glacier system where semi-continental glaciers dominate, while it has corresponding values of only 1%, 5 % and 18m respectively in southern Xinjiang glacier system, where extremely continental glaciers dominate.

关键词： Glacier system climate warming precipitation increasing role

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关于国内可公开访问网页数量的一种估计

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计算机工程与应用 2003年第23期39卷 1-3,29页

作者：王继民北京大学计算机科学技术系中国科学院资源环境科学信息中心兰州730000

可公开访问网页是由Web上的静态网页和无需额外输入即可访问的动态网页两部分组成。基于CNNIC关于网络信息数量资源的调查报告与北大天网实际搜集所获得的数据,根据Web发展变化的数学模型,该文对过去和未来国内可公开访问网页的数量进... 详细信息

可公开访问网页是由Web上的静态网页和无需额外输入即可访问的动态网页两部分组成。基于CNNIC关于网络信息数量资源的调查报告与北大天网实际搜集所获得的数据,根据Web发展变化的数学模型,该文对过去和未来国内可公开访问网页的数量进行了一种估计。

关键词：可公开访问网页指数增长模型预测

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The noble gas isotope geochemical composition of chert at the bottom of Cambrian in Tarim Basin,china

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science china Earth sciences 2009年第S1期52卷 115-119页

作者： SUN ShengLi1,CHEN JianFa2,3,ZHENG JianJing4 & LIU WenHui4 1 Monitoring center for Marine Resource and environment,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,china 2 Department of Geochemistry,Changjiang University,Jingzhou 434023,china 3 College of Resource and information,Petroleum University,Beijing 102249,china 4 lanzhou Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of sciences,lanzhou 73.000,china 1. Monitoring center for Marine Resource and environment Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang 524088 China 2. Department of Geochemistry Changjiang University Jingzhou 434023 China 3. College of Resource and information Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 4. lanzhou Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

In the Tarim Basin,black shale series at the bottom of Cambrian is one of the important marine facies hydrocarbon source rocks. This research focuses on the analysis of the isotope of noble gas of 11 cherts. The R/Ra ratio of chert in the Keping area is 0.032―0.319,and 40Ar/36Ar is 338―430. In Quruqtagh the R/Ra ratio is 0.44―10.21,and 40Ar/36Ar is 360―765. The R/Ra ratio of chert increases with 40Ar/36Ar from the west to the east accordingly. They have evolved from the crust source area to the mantle source area in a direct proportion. Surplus argon 40ArE in chert is in direct proportion to the R/Ra ratio,indicating that it has the same origin of excess argon as in fluid and mantle source helium. Comparison of the R/Ra ratios between the west and the east shows that the chert in the eastern part formed from the activity system of the bottom hydrothermal venting driven by the mantle source,where the material and energy of crust and mantle had a strong interaction in exchange;whereas in the western part,chert deposited from the floating of hydrothermal plume undersea bottom,which is far away from the centre of activities of the hydrothermal fluid of ocean bottom. In addition,from noble gas isotope composition of chert,it is suggested that the ocean anoxia incident happened at the black shale of the Cambrian bottom probably because of the large-scaled ocean volcanoes and the followinghydrothermal activities.

关键词： Tarim Basin Cambrian chert rare gas isotope

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