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Optimization of mathematical models for thematic maps

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 15-24页

作者： QI QingWen1,ZHANG An1,JIANG LiLi1,ZOU XiuPing2,XU Li3 & CHENG Xi1,4 1 Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china 2 Institute of Policy and Management,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080,china 3 Taishan university,Taian 271021,china 4 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Taishan university Taian China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The thematic map is a major class of maps designed to demonstrate particular features or concepts,functioning as an indispensable tool in geographical *** process of thematic mapping is one into which geographical research goes deeply and *** key activity and course of thematic map production is the use of mathematical models to create thematic data ***,the selection and optimization of mathematical models is in the forefront of thematic map *** theoretical foundations,mechanisms and methods of mathematical model optimization are expounded in this paper,including two approaches,the phase by phase mode and the multi-aim scheme balance *** studies in eco-environment mapping and emergency mapping are described and analyzed,with a hierarchical analysis method being used in the model optimization for eco-environment fragility and sensitivity assessment mapping in Beibuwan (Guangxi) District,the dynamic system (DS) method being used in the model optimization for ecological security adjustment mapping in Xishuang Banna,Yunnan province,and the multi-phase mode being used in the models for forest fire and infectious diseases mapping.

关键词： thematic map mathematic model optimization

Construction of AFLP-based genetic linkage maps for the chinese shrimp Fenneropaeneus chinensis

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chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第8期53卷 1205-1216页

作者： TIAN Yi1,2,3,4, KONG Jie1↑ & WANG WeiJi1 1 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, chinese academy of Fishery Science, Qingdao 266071, china 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian Fisheries university, Dalian 116023, china 3 Institute of Oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071, china 4 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china chinese Acad Fisheries Sci Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China. op.uky.edu

Fenneropaeneus chinensis is an important species in marine fishery resources and aquaculture in china. A genetic linkage map is essential for improving the efficiency of its breeding by marker-as- sisted selection and identifying commercially important genes. Linkage maps of F. chinensis were constructed with an F2 mapping population (110 progenies) using amplified fragment length polymor- phic (AFLP) marker in this study. Fifty-five AFLP primer combinations produced 532 AFLP markers fitting for map strategy in mapping family. The markers with 3:1 segregating ratios were analyzed using F2 intercross model for the common linkage map, while the markers with 1:1 ratio were analyzed using the pseudo-testcross strategy. The maps of male, female and common were constructed. The female map included 103 markers that formed 28 linkage groups, covering a total length of 1090 cM. All mark- ers were linked with the linkage groups. Segregation distortion was observed for 6 of 103 markers in the female map. The average distance between markers was 14.53 cM and ranged from 4.4 to 24.8 cM. The male map included 144 markers that formed 35 linkage groups. Ten markers remained unlinked in male map. Segregation distortion was observed for 7 of 144 markers in the male map. The total dis- tance of male map covered 1617 cM. The average distance between markers was 16.36 cM. The male map was 32.6% longer than the female map, which may reflect sex-specific recombination rates in chinese shrimp. The common map was composed of 216 markers, including in 44 linkage groups covering a total distance of 1772.1 cM. Two markers remained unlinked. No distorted markers of 216 markers were shown in the common map. The distance between markers was 10.42 cM. An average estimated genome size for the chinese shrimp was 2420 cM, which was consistent with the relative size of the Penaeid genome. The distribution of AFLP markers was relatively even in chromosomes of Chi- nese shrimp maps. The linkage analysis

关键词： AFLP 海洋渔业虾中国

Growth characteristics and response to climate change of Larix Miller tree-ring in china

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第6期53卷 871-879页

作者： SUN Yu1,4, WANG LiLi1,2,3, CHEN Jin5, DUAN JianPing1,4, SHAO XueMei1,2 & CHEN KeLong6 1 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 2 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china 3 Institute of Desert and Meteorology, china Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, china 4 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 5 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 6 School of Life and Geography sciences, Qinghai Normal university, Xining 810008, china Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Desert and Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Urumqi China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Life and Geography sciences Qinghai Normal University Xining China

As one of the earliest species used in dendrochronological studies, Larix responds sensitively to climate change. In this study, nine larch species and one variety from eleven sites were collected to study the growth characteristics of tree-ring width using dendrochronological methods. Ten residual tree-ring chronologies were developed to analyze their relationships with regional standardized anomaly series by Pearson’s correlation analysis. The results suggest that most of the chronologies had significantly positive correlations with the mean temperature and mean maximum temperature in May. The spring temperature evidently limited the radial growth of the larch species without precipitation control. The largest mean tree-ring width was found in Himalayan Larch in Jilong, whereas Master Larch in Si’er reflected the smallest mean value. Both species presented little climate information in this study. chinese, Potanin, and Tibetan larches are significantly correlated with climate change, implying a huge potential for climate history reconstruction. The elevation of the sampling sites appears to be an important condition for tree-ring growth of larches responding to climate factors.

关键词： Larix Miller tree-ring climate change mean temperature in May

Evolution of desertification in a two-dimensional energy balance model coupled with thermodynamics and dynamics

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第11期53卷 1726-1733页

作者： CHAO JiPing1,2 & LI YaoKun3,4 1National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 2First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, china 3State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 4graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The relationship between desert evolution and change in albedo has been investigated quasi-analytically using a zonal mean two-dimensional energy balance model which considers the radiation transmission process due to thermodynamics and bound- ary layer movement caused by kinetics. A climate state including temperature, zonal wind, meridional wind and vertical wind can be simulated according to the current zonal distribution of albedo. Given desert distribution, characterized by the value and distribution of albedo, the response of climate on albedo has been studied to analyze the evolution of desert climate. One significant result is that the simple model can reproduce mean meridional circulation. Another result indicates that climate corresponds to two equilibria. This happens when the junction temperature between vegetation and desert is higher than a certain critical value. As for the first equilibrium, the desert belt is predicted to move southward in the northern hemisphere with the increasing values of albedo, which corresponds to the current trend of climate change. For the second equilibrium, vegetation will expand northward with increasing values of albedo, which would indicate a narrowing of the desert belt. In order to determine if the two equilibria exist, new physical models are needed.

关键词： two-dimensional energy balance model desertification two equilibria

Spatial prediction and analysis of Himalayan marmot plague natural epidemic foci in china based on HJ-1 satellite data

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第S1期53卷 8-15页

作者： GAO MengXu1,4,LI XiaoWen1,2,CAO ChunXiang1,ZHANG Hao1,LI Qun3,ZHOU Hang3 HE QiSheng1,4,XU Min1,4,ZHAO Jian1,4,ZHENG Sheng1,4 & CHEN Wei1,4 1State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of chinese academy of sciences and beijing Normal university,beijing 100101,china 2School of Geography,beijing Normal university,beijing 100875,china 3Office for Disease Control and Emergency Response,chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,beijing 102206,china 4graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing China Office for Disease Control and Emergency Response Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China

Plague,caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis,is a serious and rapidly progressing illness in humans that can be fatal if not treated *** Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest area of natural Himalayan marmot(Marmota himalayana) plague foci in china and covers more than 630000 *** County in Gansu Province is a part of this natural focus of plague and was chosen as a study *** study used an ecological niche modeling(ENM) approach to predict the potential distribution of the Himalayan *** and Disaster Monitor Satellite(HJ-1) data was used to investigate environment factors that affect plague host animal *** animal point data from active surveillance was combined with environmental variables from the HJ-1 satellite and other databases,and the models of the potential distribution of Himalayan marmot were produced with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production(GARP).The probability of marmot presence was divided into 0-5%,5%-20%,20%-40%,40%-80%,and 80%-100% *** with 80%-100% probability exhibited the greatest potential for the presence of Himalayan *** to the predicted potential distribution of Himalayan marmot in the study area,active surveillance of plague hosts and plague control and prevention could be more efficient.

关键词： Himalayan marmot plague spatial prediction GARP HJ-1 satellite

Change of surface cover greenness in china between 2000 and 2010

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chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第22期57卷 2835-2845页

作者： LIU Shuang1,4& GONG Peng1,2,31State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of chinese academy of sciences,and beijing Normal university, beijing 100101, china 2Institute for Global Change Studies & Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china 3Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, university of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA 4graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Institute for Global Change Studies & Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley USA

Surface greenness reflects the situation of vegetation *** index calculated from the Red and Near Infrared bands of remote sensing images,whose values indicate the level of photosynthetic activity,is monotonically related to surface greenness when vegetation canopy does not fully cover the background *** for desert regions,vegetation index is positively correlated with vegetation ***,vegetation index can be used to study the change in greenness of desert *** study collected MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 2000 to 2010 and analyzed their change over china in this *** results showed that an increasing trend of NDVI occurred over 66.84% (OLS fitting) or 64.27% (LAD fitting) of china,indicating that china's greenness is increasing ***,desertification of china *** showing large increase in greenness are found in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia,Henan,Shandong,Qinghai,and Gansu while regions with large decrease in greenness are found in Northeast Inner Mongolia,South Tibet,Jiangsu,and *** of Qinghai,Gansu,Xinjiang and South Tibet could probably be driven by climate *** of greenness in Northeast Inner Mongolia was related to agricultural *** of greenness in Jiangsu and Shanghai was related to rapid *** factors did not exhibit obvious correspondence to the large increase in greenness in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia and Gansu,indicating that the changes might have been caused by human *** reduction of desert areas in china could probably have been caused by human management and protection at the national scale.

关键词：中国地表覆盖归一化植被指数植被覆盖度沙漠地区 NDVI 西藏南部气候因素

A Soil Temperature Control System for Sapling Study in Alpine Region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第5期8卷 739-749页

作者： CHENG Song ZHANG Li SONG Hongtao YU Hui GeCheng Global Eco-Tech Inc. 988 Dodridge Road Columbus Ohio 43200 USA Olentangy River Wetland Research Park The Ohio State University 352 Dodridge Road Columbus Ohio 43202 USA Institute of Mountain Hazards andEnvironment ChineseAcademy of Seiences #9 Block 4 Renminnanlu Road Chengdu 610041 China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

A soil temperature control system was designed for sapling study in alpine region and tested in summer, 2009. The system consisted of a power switch, voltage regulator, microcomputer timer, safety relays, temperature control device, temperature sensors, heating cables, fireproofing plastic pipes (PVC), 108 heavy-duty plastic containers and seedlings. The heating cables were held in six 2-layer PVC frames with 25 cm wide, 320 cm long and 25 cm high and three 1-layer frames with 25 cm wide and 320 cm long for 15°C soil temperature treatment, half of the 2-layer frames were used for 20°C and 25°C soil temperature treatments, respectively. Each of the frames was installed at each of ditches with 30 cm wide, 330 cm long and 30 cm deep in size. 12 seedling containers with 20 cm top diameter, 18cm bottom diameter and 25 cm high were homogenously placed at each of the ditches, and spaces between the containers were filled with natural soil. The system was economic, and could increase soil temperatures obviously and uniformly, the maximal and minimal standard errors of soil temperatures were ±0.28 and ±0.05°C at 10cm depth in the containers within each of all the ditches. In the system, aboveground environment was natural, diurnal and monthly soil temperatures varied with changing air temperature, the research results may be better to know the eco-physiological and growth responses of alpine saplings/seedlings to soil warming than that in greenhouse, laboratory, infrared heat lamp and open top chamber.

关键词： Alpine mountain Eco-physiology Seedling growth Soil temperature Control system

Comparison of spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of water temperatures between Lancang River and Mekong River

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 141-147页

作者： ZHANG YiPing~(1+) GAO Fu~(1,2,4) HE DaMing~3 LI ShaoJuan~3 1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650223,china 2 Kunming Institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650204,china 3 Asian International Rivers Center,Yunnan university,Kunming 650014,china 4 graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china

Water temperature(WT)is one of the important indicators of water body physical ***- standing the characteristics of spatial-temporal variation on WT in the river continuum will help to de- velop the rational river-water-resource utilization plan,to avoid the possible ecology crisis,and to take full advantages of the natural resources in the involved *** the biggest international river con- tinuum in Asia,the Lancang-Mekong river subregion(known as Greater Mekong Subregion,GMS)has become a famous economic,political,and ecological natural *** study examined the spa- tial-temporal distribution characteristics of the Lancang River water temperature,using the observa- tional data of WT values from 11 hydrological stations in ***,the WT differences be- tween Yunjinghong hydrological station(one representative station in china)and Chiang Saen hydro- logical station(one representative station in Thailand)were *** indicated that:1)Water temperature was higher in the lower part of the river continuum than the upper *** variation is the main influencing *** effect is more obvious in dry season than in rainy season,more obvious in winter than in summer,and more obvious of the average minimum WT than the average maximum WT;2)WT difference between the upper and the lower parts of the river continuum was de- creasing due to little increase of WT in the upper part(Yunjinghong hydrological station)and obvious decrease of the WT in the lower part(Chiang Saen hydrological station)during the research period. Therefore,the parameters of WT are affected by the latitude,and the Lancang-Mekong river continuum lies in the north-south direction,so the tropical aquatic creatures,such as the tropical aquatic fishes, cannot survive in the upper part of this river continuum in winter season,while in summer season,the tropical aquatic creatures properly swim to the upper *** water temperature in the lower Me- kong R

关键词： Lancang-Mekong river river channel water temperature trends of variation Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

Suitable scale of Weigan River plain oasis

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Science china Earth sciences 2007年第S1期 56-64页

作者： HU ShunJun1,2, SONG YuDong1, TIAN ChangYan1, LI YueTan1,4, LI XiuCang1,4 & CHEN XiaoBing3 1 Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences, ürümqi 830011, china 2 Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas of Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, china 3 Institute of Soil Science, chinese academy of sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 4 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china

Desert coexists with oasis in long time, and the existence and development of oasis system demand better oasis vegetation ecological system. Oasis scale of arid zone plain encircling water should be determined in case of desertification caused by land over-reclamation under the circumstance of water resources shortage. Steady oasis with virtuous circle must have appropriate land use structure for agriculture, forestry and graziery. The study on the suitable scale and developmental space of oasis will provide theoretical and applicable foundation for effective construction of oases. By analyzing the hydrothermal, water and soil balance, an optimal mathematical model has been established. Based on hydrometeorology data collected for years in Weigan River plain, and by the principle of water balance, a calculation has been made of the water resources for evapotranspiration and the optimal acreage of oasis and cultivated land, which shows that the water resources for evapotranspiration in the Weigan River plain oasis is 22.32×108 m3 and the optimal oasis acreage under the condition of conventional irrigation mode is 3716.06 km2, in which the suitable cultivated land acreage is 1564.79 km2. Under the condition of water-saving irrigation, the suitable oasis acreage is 5515.49 km2, in which the suitable cultivated land acreage is 2322.31 km2. The oasis area had reached 4123 km2, and the cultivated land acreage had reached 1507 km2 after the Agriculture Irrigation Drainage Water Project of World Bank Loan in Weigan River basin was finished in 1997. The oasis and cultivated land acreage will be more suitable, and the oasis scale can be enlarged moderately by means of water saving irrigation.

关键词： suitable size oasis scale hydro-thermal balance equilibrium of water and land Weigan River