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Mapping forest fire risk zones with spatial data and principal component analysis

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 140-149页

作者： XU Dong, Guofan Shao, DAI Limin, HAO Zhanqing, TANG Lei & WANG Hui institute of Applied Ecology, chinese academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, china Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china Department of forestry and Natural resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Department of Management, Shenyang institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Shenyang 110034, china Department of City Development, Jinan University, Jinan 250002, china institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of forestry and Natural resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA Department of Management Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Shenyang China Department of City Development Jinan University Jinan China

By integrating forest inventory data with remotely sensed data, new data layers for factors that affect forest fire potentials were generated for Baihe forestry Bureau in Jilin Province of china. The principle component analysis was used to sort out the relationships between forest fire potentials and environmental factors. The classifications of these factors were performed with GIS, generating three maps: a fuel-based fire risk map, a topography-based fire risk map, and an anthropogenic-factor fire risk map. These three maps were then synthesized to generate the final fire risk map. The linear regression method was used to analyze the relationship between an area-weighted value of forest fire risks and the frequency of historical forest fires at each forest farm. The results showed that the most important factor contributing to forest fire ignition was topography, followed by anthropogenic factors.

关键词： wildfire risk, regression analysis, geographic information system, remote sensing, Baihe forestry Bureau.

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An urban traffic environment model

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1999年第3期11卷 339-343页

作者： Wang Jin\|feng State Key Laboratory of resources and Environmental information System, institute of Geography, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china. E mail: wangjf@*** 中科院地理所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室北京

Urban environment pattern depends heavily upon urban traffic pattern, the balance between traffic (implicit production) and environment leads to the urban sustainable development. An integrated urban traffic environment model consists of three components of urban production variables (population density, GDP, salary, etc. in blocks), urban traffic variables and urban environmental variables; and two links between urban traffic planning variables and urban environment variables, and between spatial interaction model (SIM) and traffic planning variables as well. The model is quite useful in urban environment impact assessment; urban traffic management; urban sustainable development planning; and urban development decision\|making.

关键词： SIM urban environment urban traffic planning decision making.

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Rainfall-induced landslide stability analysis in response to transient pore pressure——A case study of natural terrain landslide in Hong Kong

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2003年第Z1期46卷 52-68页

作者： LAN Hengxing, ZHOU Chenghu C. F. LeeWANG Sijing & WU Faquan State Key Laboratory of Natural resources and Environmental System, institute of Geographical Sci-ences and Natural resources Research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china Department of Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, china 3. institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100029, china chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Nat Resources & Environm Syst Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res Beijing 100101 Peoples R China Univ Hong Kong Dept Civil Engn Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Geol & Geophys Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Transient pore pressure in response to short intense rainfall process plays an important role in shallow landslide occurrence. Using GIS technology, we carry out the rainfall-induced landslide stability analysis in response to transient pore pressure by means of transient and unsaturated rainfall infiltration modeling. A case study is performed on the shallow landslide stability analysis in Hong Kong. Detailed analysis and discussion reached some useful conclusions on the tempo-spatial behavior and characteristics of slope stability response and pore pressure response to typical rainfall process. Comparison analysis is performed on some important issues including landslide stability response in different types of slopes with different hydraulic properties, antecedent rainfall and landslide stability, and the nature of pore pressure response time. These studies might give us an important insight into landslide tringgering mechanism and the hydrological process in response to rainfall, and provide systematic information and evidences for effective risk assessment and warning system establishment.

关键词： rainfall-induced landslide, transient pore pressure, landslide stability in response to rainfall, GIS.

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A distributed hydrological model with its application to the Jinghe watershed in the Yellow River Basin

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第Z1期47卷 60-71页

作者： WANG Zhonggen1, ZHENG Hongxing1, LIU Changming1, , WU Xianfeng2 2 & ZHAO Weimin3 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, institute of Geographic Science and Natural resources Research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. institute of Environmental Science, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china 3. Water resources Conservation Committee of Yellow River, Zhengzhou 450003, china Key Laboratory of Water Cyde & Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Environmental Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China Water resources Conservation Committee of Yellow River Zhengzhou China

For the purpose of water resources management in the Yellow River Basin with highly spatial difference, a daily distributed hydrological model was proposed, of which the determination of spatially-distributed parameters and model inputs processing were performed by means of GIS/RS. In the model, the computation of runoff yield was based on the topography index method and flow routing was modeled by Maskingum method. The operation of the model is followed by means of “command structure” technique based upon the topography of river network. A case study using the model was conducted for the Jinghe watershed, which locates at the middle Yellow River Basin. The simulation of the hydrological processes in 1996 has shown that water quantity balance errors were less than 5% and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient arrived at 0.7, indicating that the model structure is justifiable, and the precision of the model can satisfy the purpose of water resources management.

关键词： distributed hydrological model, structure and equation, GIS and RS, Jinghe Basin, Yellow River Basin.

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The retrieval of two-dimensional distribution of the earth's surface aerodynamic roughness using SAR image and TM thermal infrared image

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1134-1146页

作者： ZHANG Renhua 1 ,WANG Jinfeng 1 ,ZHU Caiying 1,2 ,SUN Xiaomin 1 & ZHU Zhilin 1 1.institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural resources,chinese academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 2.institute of Surveying and Mapping,information Engineering University of the chinese People’s Liberation Army,Zhengzhou 450052,china chinese academy of Sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Beijing China information Engineering University of the chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Surveying and Mapping Zhengzhou China

After having analyzed the requirement on the aerodynamic earth’s surface rough- ness in two-dimensional distribution in the research field of interaction between land surface and atmosphere, this paper presents a new way to calculate the aerodynamic roughness using the earth’s surface geometric roughness retrieved from SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and TM thermal infrared image data. On the one hand, the SPM (Small Perturbation Model) was used as a theoretical SAR backscattering model to describe the relationship between the SAR back- scattering coefficient and the earth’s surface geometric roughness and its dielectric constant re- trieved from the physical model between the soil thermal inertia and the soil surface moisture with the simultaneous TM thermal infrared image data and the ground microclimate data. On the basis of the SAR image matching with the TM image, the non-volume scattering surface geo- metric information was obtained from the SPM model at the TM image pixel scale, and the ground pixel surface’s equivalent geometric roughness—height standard RMS (Root Mean Square) was achieved from the geometric information by the transformation of the typical to- pographic factors. The vegetation (wheat, tree) height retrieved from spectrum model was also transferred into its equivalent geometric roughness. A completely two-dimensional distribution map of the equivalent geometric roughness over the experimental area was produced by the data mosaic technique. On the other hand, according to the atmospheric eddy currents theory, the aerodynamic surface roughness was iterated out with the atmosphere stability correction method using the wind and the temperature profiles data measured at several typical fields such as bare soil field and vegetation field. After having analyzed the effect of surface equivalent geo- metric roughness together with dynamic and thermodynamic factors on the aerodynamic surface roughness within the working area, this paper first establishe

关键词： surface geometric roughness, aerodynamic surface roughness, SAR backscattering model, moisture retrieval model, roughness transformation model.

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Modeling of Hillslope Runoff and Soil Erosion at Rainfall Events Using Cellular Automata Approach

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Pedosphere 2009年第6期19卷 711-718页

作者： MA Ting ZHOU Cheng-Hu CAI Qiang-Guo State Key Laboratory of resources and Environmental information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 (China) Graduate University of the chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China)

A novel quantitative cellular automata (CA) model that simulates and predicts hillslope runoff and soil erosion caused by rainfall events was developed by integrating the local interaction rules and the hillslope surface hydraulic processes. In this CA model, the hillslope surface was subdivided into a series of discrete spatial cells with the same geometric features. At each time step, water and sediment were transported between two adjacent spatial cells. The flow direction was determined by a combination of water surface slope and stochastic assignment. The amounts of interchanged water and sediment were computed using the Chezy-Manning formula and the empirical sediment transport equation. The water and sediment discharged from the open boundary cells were considered as the runoff and the sediment yields over the entire hillslope surface. Two hillslope soil erosion experiments under simulated rainfall events were carried out. Cumulative runoff and sediment yields were measured, respectively. Then, the CA model was applied to simulate the water and soil erosion for these two experiments. Analysis of simulation results indicated that the size of the spatial cell, hydraulic parameters, and the setting of time step and iteration times had a large impact on the model accuracy. The comparison of the simulated and measured data suggested that the CA model was an applicable alternate for simulating the hillslope water flow and soil erosion.

关键词： hillslope surface hydraulic parameters sediment simulation water

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Cost-Benefit Analysis on forest Certification for forest Management and forestry Industry Development in china

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chinese forestry Science and Technology 2010年第4期9卷 1-8页

作者： ZHAO Jie LI Zhongkui HU Yanjie Research institute of forestry Policy and information, chinese academy of forestry, beijing 100091, P. R. china

The paper is based on the summarization of forest certification development to analyze and describe how forest certification promotes and pushes the setup of forest resources management model, forest management level and collective forest tenure reform. In terms of breaking green trade barrier, upgrading international competitiveness of forest products, facilitating forestry enterprise growth, etc, it elaborated the role of forest certification in promoting forestry industry development. The authors also made an objective analysis on the costs and risks that china has to bear for conducting forest certification. Based on the comprehensive analysis on benefits and costs, the authors presented the specific recommendations on how china would conduct forest certification.

关键词： forest certification forest management forestry industry cost-benefit analysis

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Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Vesignieite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1991年第2期65卷 145-151页

作者： Ma Zhesheng He Ruilin Zhu Xiaoling china University of Geosciences institute of Geology and Mineral resources, Shaanxi institute of Mineral Depostis, chinese academy of Geological Sciences china University of Geosciences China

Vesignieite, Cu_3Ba(VO_4)_2(OH)_2, crystallizes in space group C_2 / m with a°=1.0270(2), b°=0.5911(1),c°=0.7711(2)nm and β=116.42(3)°. The intensity data were collected with the RIGAKU RASA-IISsingle-crystal four-circle diffractometer. The structure was determined by Patterson and Fourier methods andrefined by the least-square technique to a final R index of 0.051 for 614 independent diffraction points with|F? |>3σ|F?|. The crystal structure analysis shows that vesignieite has a layer structure parallel to (001). The powder diffraction lines were reindexed.

关键词： Redetermination of the Crystal Structure of Vesignieite

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Population information extraction in Chaohu watershed based on RS and GIS

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第2期48卷 181-183页

作者： LIU Jianjun1,2 & LI Chunlai3 1. institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, china 2. Graduate School, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china 3. National Astronomical Observatories, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100012, china Correspondence should be addressed to Liu Jianjun (e-mail: dhsliujj@ ***) institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

It is always difficult to extract population in-formation of small watershed during the region environment assessment. The report adopted compound areal interpola-tion to study the population in Chaohu watershed with the GIS technique and landuse interpretation data from remote sensing. The result indicated that the method is effective to extract population information of small watershed.

关键词：巢湖流域人口分布信息提取 RS GIS 小流域生态环境评价

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Origin Distribution Patterns and Floating Population Modeling:Yiwu City as a Destination

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chinese Geographical Science 2012年第3期22卷 367-380页

作者： LI Hongsheng WANG Yingjie HAN Jiafu State Key Laboratoty of resources and Environmental information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Existing quantitative migration studies are mainly at the inter-region or inter-province level for lacking of detailed geo-referenced migration ***,few of them integrate explorative spatial data analysis and spatial regression model into migration *** on aggregated registered floating population data from 2005 to 2008,the phenomena that population floating to Yiwu City in Zhejiang Province is analyzed at the provincial and county *** spatial layout of Yiwu's pull forces is proved as a V-shaped pattern excluding Sichuan Province based on map visualization *** the migration ratio in 2007 as an explanatory variable,two models are compared using ordinary least square,spatial error model and spatial lag model methods for county-level data in Jiangxi and Anhui *** model with migration stock provides an improved fitting over the model without migration stock according to the model fitting *** floating population flocking into Yiwu City from Jiangxi is determined mostly by migration stock while the determinant factors are migration stock and distance to Yiwu City for *** distance-decay effect is true for migration flow from Anhui to Yiwu City while the distance rule is not confirmed in Jiangxi with the best fitting *** correlation between per capita net income of rural labor forces and migration ratio is not significant in Jiangxi and significant but at the 0.1 level only in *** analysis shows that the distance,income and man-land ratio are important factors to explain population floating at earlier ***,as the dynamic population floating process evolves,the determinant factor would be migration stock.

关键词： floating population origin distribution visualization spatial regression model Yiwu City GIS

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