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Research Agenda for Understanding Transboundary Ecosystem Changes and Eco-security in Southwestern china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第1期3卷 81-90页

作者： LIU Jiang HE Daming asian international rivers center Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

The longitudinal range-gorge region (LRGR) in Southwestern china, characterized by longitudinal mountain ranges and deep valleys, includes the basins of four major international rivers: the Yuanjiang-Red, Lancang Mekong, Nujiang Salween and Irrawaddy. This region is classified as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, and provides an important ecological and economic corridor linking china and Southeast asian countries. Over the past half century, it has served as a resource base for timber and minerals needed to fuel economic development, which resulted in rapid and drastic changes in ecosystem and species diversity. Proposed and ongoing development programs, such as china’s Great Western Development campaign, Greater Mekong Subregional Economic Cooperation (GMS) and china-ASEAN free trade zone development (“10+1”), threaten to bring unprecedented disturbance to the region’s ecosystems. Present and emerging threats to eco-security have caught tremendous attention worldwide. Therefore, studies on such problems are critical for enhancing ecosystem health and transboundary eco-security. This paper indicates several multi-disciplinary and cross-sector studies on transboundary resources in this region that will meet three major national needs: 1) identifying core scientific issues of ecological development and infrastructure construction in highplateau and mountainous areas for the Western Development campaign; 2) developing maintenance mechanisms and control methodologies for transboundary eco-security and resource base development; 3) providing scientific grounds for multi-lateral diplomacy, trade and economic cooperation, and conflict resolution as part of china’s opening-up to south Asia. The key subjects to be solved include dynamics and major drive forces of this area, ecological effects caused by major projects construction, and transboundary eco-security and its controlling. The research projects proposed in this article will develop theories on ecosystem cha

关键词： Longitudinal range-gorge region transboundary ecosystem changes eco-security Southwestern china

Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East asian climate during boreal winter and spring

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1,2,3 & WANG Huijun2 1. Nansen-Zhu international Research center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, yunnan university, kunming 650091, china 3. Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, china 1. Nansen-Zhu international Research center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 2. Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China 3. Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.

LUCC and its spatial expansion in frontier zone of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 98-105页

作者： GAN Shu HE DaMing FENG Yan DENG QingYan CHEN WenHua asian international rivers center of yunnan university,kunming 650091,china

We selected the frontier zone of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR)as study area,based on data collection of LUCC monitored by remote sensing and other related information got by common investigation ways,used spatial Information processing technique and analysis method,and explored the LUCC landscape’s characteristic and its spatial expansion effect in this special *** purpose of this study is to find out the landscape pattern and its changing trend,and to provide background in- formation for ecology security management in frontier zone of the *** primary results are as follows:the LUCC pattern in study area exhibits that the forest is the predominant cover type as land- scape matrixes,while other types are patches or mosaic *** this pattern,because of transformation in different types with the time change,they are influenced either by natural environ- ment condition,or by human *** of the counties or cities along the frontier zone of the LRGR, when considering their different levels of the natural environment conditions,social economic devel- opment status and management manner,show that the LUCC spatial expansion pattern is of sub-region convergency characteristics which is different from that of considering the distance length resistance only.

关键词： Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR) frontier zone LUCC analysis spatial expansion landscape pattern

Transboundary eco-security and its regulation system in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 1-9页

作者： HE DaMingt LIU Jiang HU JinMing FEN Yan GAN Su asian international rivers center,yunnan university,kunming 650091,china

This paper discussed the transboundary eco-security issues,their distribution patterns,characteristics and driving forces,and regulation system in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR).Major transboundary eco-security issues,except for sand-dust storm,can be found along the terrestrial border regions of china in the *** direct driving forces included constructions of cascade hydropower dams,highways and international navigation development,slope land cultivation and mineral *** eco-security issues affect the neighboring areas in the terrestrial region,and the downstream countries along the international *** ecological changes in the neighboring countries had effects on the domestic side in the LRGR,such as species *** integrated measures should be taken into con- sideration,including the construction of border eco-protection projects and transboundary nature reserves, ecological threshold set-up,species invasion control,the establishment of eco-security monitoring platform, the constituting of ecological compensation mechanism and laws(rules)and institutions,and capacity *** most important tasks to deal with the transboundary issues in the LRGR are to form interna- tionally participative cooperation mechanism,establish fund for transboundary eco-security,implement ecological compensation strategy,and develop information exchange platform and warning system.

关键词： Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region(LRGR) transboundary eco-security international rivers regulation system

The key indicators of transboundary water appor- tionment based on international laws and cases

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2013年第4期23卷 710-720页

作者：冯彦何大明李运刚 asian international rivers center Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China yunnan Key Lab of international rivers and Trans-boundary Eco-security Kunming 650091 China

Transboundary water, more competitive utilization and uncertain availability under the globalization trend, the issue of its apportionment which directly impacts national benefits of each riparian state is becoming one of the important topics in the world. Water is scarce in china, the most important upstream state in Asia, and this task has to be thought over in the coming future. Based on ＂international Freshwater Treaties Database＂（1820-2007） by Oregon State university, and publications and reports on transboundary water utilization and management since 1999, 28 indicators of water apportionment adopted in 49 international treaties and cases in 1864-2002 are divided into 6 types, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the adopted indicators are analyzed in order to find the key indicator（s） of transboundary water apportionment. The major results include： the major adopted indicators, have significant differences among 5 regions/continents, the indicators at rank first and second place in the developed region （North America and Europe） according to the adopted times are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂, but in the developing region （Asia, Africa and South America）, the ranking order of the above two indicators is reversed; the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are ＂mean annual runoff＂ and ＂keeping minimum water flow＂, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂; the international treaties signed from the first phase to the fourth phase, the developing process shows a progress of ＂fewer-increasing a lot-decreasing rapidly-equation basically＂, the regional distribution of the treaties shifts mainly from the developed region to the developing one, especially to Asia and Africa; the major adopted indicators shifts from ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1864-1945, to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂ i

关键词： key indicator transboundary water apportionment international laws

Comparison of spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of water temperatures between Lancang River and Mekong River

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 141-147页

作者： ZHANG YiPing~(1+) GAO Fu~(1,2,4) HE DaMing~3 LI ShaoJuan~3 1 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,kunming 650223,china 2 kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,kunming 650204,china 3.asian international rivers center,yunnan university,kunming 650014,china 4 Graduate university of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,china

Water temperature(WT)is one of the important indicators of water body physical ***- standing the characteristics of spatial-temporal variation on WT in the river continuum will help to de- velop the rational river-water-resource utilization plan,to avoid the possible ecology crisis,and to take full advantages of the natural resources in the involved *** the biggest international river con- tinuum in Asia,the Lancang-Mekong river subregion(known as Greater Mekong Subregion,GMS)has become a famous economic,political,and ecological natural *** study examined the spa- tial-temporal distribution characteristics of the Lancang River water temperature,using the observa- tional data of WT values from 11 hydrological stations in ***,the WT differences be- tween Yunjinghong hydrological station(one representative station in china)and Chiang Saen hydro- logical station(one representative station in Thailand)were *** indicated that:1)Water temperature was higher in the lower part of the river continuum than the upper *** variation is the main influencing *** effect is more obvious in dry season than in rainy season,more obvious in winter than in summer,and more obvious of the average minimum WT than the average maximum WT;2)WT difference between the upper and the lower parts of the river continuum was de- creasing due to little increase of WT in the upper part(Yunjinghong hydrological station)and obvious decrease of the WT in the lower part(Chiang Saen hydrological station)during the research period. Therefore,the parameters of WT are affected by the latitude,and the Lancang-Mekong river continuum lies in the north-south direction,so the tropical aquatic creatures,such as the tropical aquatic fishes, cannot survive in the upper part of this river continuum in winter season,while in summer season,the tropical aquatic creatures properly swim to the upper *** water temperature in the lower Me- kong R

关键词： Lancang-Mekong river river channel water temperature trends of variation Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region

Ecological Footprint Dynamics of yunnan, china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第3期6卷 286-292页

作者： LU Ying HE Daming Sam Buchanan LIU Jiang asian international rivers center Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China The university of New South Wales Sydney 2025 Australia

A fundamental element of sustainable development is that humans live within nature's biological capacity. Quantifying this, however, remains a significant challenge for which there are many emerging tools. The concept of the Ecological Footprint is one such accounting tool for comprehensive assessment of the status of sustainable development, based on integration of resource consumption and land capacity, reflecting the human impact on the environment. A region's development is defined as unsustainable when the Ecological Footprint surpasses the biological capacity. In this paper, the Ecological Footprint concept was applied in assessing the development of yunnan Province, china in a period between 1988 and 2006. The results showed that the Ecological Footprint per capita in yunnan rose from 0.854 gha in 1988 to 2.11 gha in 2006. Ecological deficit, defined as when the human demand on the land surpasses the regions biological productive capacity, emerged in 1991 and quickly increased from 0.02 gha in 1991 to 1.05 gha in 2006. The increase in the ecological deficit is primarily a result of the rapid increase in population and consumption level. To achieve sustainable development in yunnan, production and consumption rates need to be modified.

关键词： Ecological Footprint biological capacity ecological deficit sustainable development yunnan china

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纵向岭谷区怒江流域生态变化之驱动力分析

山地学报 2008年第5期26卷 538-545页

作者：冯彦何大明甘淑云南大学亚洲国际河流中心

利用纵向岭谷区怒江流域主要县市农业发展统计资料、森林资源调查数据、干流道街坝水文站径流量与输沙量数据和国土资源遥感综合调查成果等,采用趋势分析、主成分分析(SPSS)等方法综合分析了近40a间流域及上下游的生态变化,并揭示其主... 详细信息

利用纵向岭谷区怒江流域主要县市农业发展统计资料、森林资源调查数据、干流道街坝水文站径流量与输沙量数据和国土资源遥感综合调查成果等,采用趋势分析、主成分分析(SPSS)等方法综合分析了近40a间流域及上下游的生态变化,并揭示其主要驱动因子。结果表明:(1)国家和云南省林业和农业等相关政策是影响流域及上下游生态变化的主驱动力,它们控制着流域内森林资源、土地利用以及水土流失的变化趋势;(2)人口增长是影响流域土地利用变化的第二驱动力,其影响力表现为上游大于下游;(3)1968~2000年间由河道输沙量来看,流域内水土流失呈增长趋势,1999~2004年间从流域土壤侵蚀面积和侵蚀量上看,水土流失状况呈减少趋势;(4)流域水土流失加剧与自然因素、人为活动有密切相关关系;在影响程度上,自然要素的控制力大于人为活动。

关键词：怒江生态变化驱动力纵向岭谷区

Variation in transboundary flow of Nujiang River and its correlation with summer monsoon under the effect of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S2期 148-155页

作者： YOU WeiHong~(1+) GUO ZhiRong~(1,2) HE DaMing~3 1 Department of Atmospheric Sciences,School of Resource Environment and Earth Science,yunnan university,kunming 650091,china 2 Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing Information Engineering university,Nanjing 210044,china 3 Asia international rivers center,yunnan university,kunming 650091,china

The relationship between the variations of the Nujiang River transboundary flow and the summer mon- soon activity under the topographical effect of the Longitudinal Range-Gorge（LRG）is *** study is based on statistical analysis of the observed river flow data,and their correlation with the reanalyzed U/V wind fields of the National centers for Environment Prediction（NCEP）and the National center for Atmospheric Research（NCAR）,and the data of the Outgoing Longwave Radiation（OLR）of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration（NOAA）.It is concluded that the transboundary river flow is predominantly concentrated in the wet or rainy season（from May to October）,particularly in the summer or flood season（from June to August）.There is a clear tendency for the transboundary river flow to increase with time since 1970s,particularly apparent since *** to the topographical"east-west barrier and north-south corridor"effects of the LRG,the summer river flow variations are largely correlated with winds of the southerly and northerly at both high and low *** contrast, the river flow variations are apparently correlated wIth winds of the easterly and westerly only at the high altitudes,not at the low *** correlation between the OLR and the river flow varla- tions is also *** relationships are quantitatively described using two summer monsoon indices proposed in this *** index MI2includes both dynamical and thermodynamical effects and givee a generally good representation of the transboundary river flow variations in the LRG region of the Nujiang River *** MI2represents stronger summer monsoon activity and higher transboundary river flow,while smaller MI2suggests weaker monsoon circulation and lower water flow.

关键词： Longitudinal Range-Gorge(LRG) Nujiang River transboundary river flow summer monsoon monsoon index